Flora algal de la cuenca del río Guadalquivir: Su valor en la determinación de la ecorregionalización de la cuenca

In compliance with the Water Framework Directive of the European Union, we needed to diagnose the ecologic quality of the different sections of the rivers of the Guadalquivir basin. In order to establish a regional classification of the water bodies by a grouping into areas of similar characteristics, we took into consideration the benthic phycologic flora of the Guadalquivir-River basin. Benthic algae, being one of the groups of organisms that best define the water quality of rivers, are useful for characterizing the basin´s ecoregionalization. We collected multihabitat samples in 109 georeferenced reaches and identified 777 algal taxa: 397 Bacillariophyceae (diatoms), 181 Chlorophyta, 148 Cyanoprokariota, 41 Euglenophyta, 4 Chrysophyceae, 3 Dinophyta, 2 Rodophyta, and 1 Cryptophyta. Except for Achnanthidium minutissimum?it being present in nearly all the sites?the species composition enabled the identification of 4 groups: (1) the Sierra-Morena rivers with a predominantly siliceous substrate and concomitantly low mineralized water (< 250 mg/L); (2) the Doñana and lower-Guadiamar rivers of the lower-Guadalquivir with a high relative proportion of sodium; (3) rivers with any kind of disturbance, principally organic contamination, grouped regardless of their geographical location; (4) rivers of high calcium content that, though constituting a heterogeneous group, the majority of which belong to the Betic-Mountain region. According to our results, the subbasin was the one that determined the composition of the periphyton. The categorization of the rivers according to biota obtained in the present work differs from the hydrogeomorphological classification established by the Guadalquivir Hydrographic Confederation.En cumplimiento con la Directiva Marco para las Políticas del Agua (DMA) de la Unión Europea fue necesario diagnosticar la calidad ecológica de los distintos tramos de los ríos de la cuenca del Guadalquivir. Para establecer una regionalización de las masas de agua agrupándolas en zonas de similares características se tomó en consideración la flora ficológica bentónica de la cuenca del río Guadalquivir y su valor en la ecorregionalización de la cuenca debido a que las algas bentónicas están entre los grupos de organismos que mejor definen la calidad del agua de los ríos. Se extrajeron muestras multihábitat en 109 tramos georeferenciados. Se identificaron 777 taxa algales: 397 Bacillariophyceae (diatomeas), 181 Chlorophyta, 148 Cyanoprokariota, 41 Euglenophyta, 4 Chrysophyceae, 3 Dinophyta, 2 Rodophyta y 1 Cryptophyta. Con excepción de Achnanthidium minutissimun, que estuvo presente en casi todos los sitios, según la composición algal pueden identificarse 4 grandes grupos: 1) Sierra Morena, con sustrato predominantemente silíceo y concomitantemente aguas poco mineralizadas (< 250 mg/L); 2) ríos de la depresión del Bajo Guadalquivir, Doñana y bajo Guadiamar con una proporción relativamente elevada de sodio; 3) ríos con algún tipo de perturbación, principalmente contaminación orgánica, agrupados independientemente de su situación geográfica, 4) ríos con alto contenido de calcio en sus aguas que, si bien forman un grupo heterogéneo, la mayoría pertenecen a la región de las Montañas Béticas. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, la subcuenca fue la que determinó la composición del perifiton. La categorización de los ríos según la biota obtenida en el presente trabajo difiere de la clasificación hidrogeomorfológica establecida por la Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadalquivir.Fil: Casco, Maria Adela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Ficología; ArgentinaFil: Reyes, Isabel. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Martín, Gonzalo. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Fernández, María R.. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Sala, Silvia Estela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Ficología; ArgentinaFil: Toja, Julia. Universidad de Sevilla; Españ

Chemical-instrumental-sensory parameters and chemometrics as tools to discriminate among the quality categories of dry-cured Iberian shoulder

A combination of physico-chemical and sensory measurements along with chemometric tools was used to authenticate the quality category of dry-cured Iberian shoulder. Depending on the confinement regime and feeding background, dry-cured Iberian shoulders from three classes were analyzed: i) pigs reared in confinement regime and fed with commercial feeds (CON class), ii) pigs reared in extensive regime and fed with commercial feeds (EXT class) and iii) pigs reared in extensive regime and fed with natural sources (grass and acorns), called Montanera regime (MON class). The principal component analysis (PCA) results discriminated among the three types of dry-cured shoulders according to their quality. The soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA), which is a classification model, enabled the characterization of the quality class of unknown dry-cured shoulder samples. Finally the Cooman´s plot and Si vs. Hi plot provide a classification for the unknown quality of dry-cured shoulders.<br><br>La combinación de determinaciones físico-químicas y sensoriales con herramientas quimiométricas han sido utilizadas para identificar la calidad de paletas Ibéricas curadas. Dependiendo del grado de confinamiento y la alimentación, tres clases de paletas Ibéricas curadas fueron analizadas: i) a partir de cerdos criados en régimen intensividad y alimentados con piensos comerciales (clase CON), ii) a partir de cerdos criados en régimen de extensividad y alimentados con piensos comerciales (clase EXT) y iii) a partir de cerdos criados en régimen de extensividad y alimentados con recursos naturales (hierba y bellota) (clase MON, montanera). El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) permitió diferenciar entre tres tipos de paletas Ibéricas curadas de acuerdo con su calidad. El modelo multivariante clasificatorio, Suave Modelado Independiente de Clases Analógicas (SIMCA), permitió caracterizar la calidad de paletas curadas cuya clase se desconoce. Finalmente, las representaciones gráficas de Cooman´s y Si.vs.Hi permitieron la clasificación de la calidad de paletas Ibéricas curadas de calidad desconocida

Nucleon scalar and tensor charges using lattice QCD simulations at the physical value of the pion mass

We present results on the light, strange and charm nucleon scalar and tensor charges from lattice QCD, using simulations with $N_f=2$ flavors of twisted mass Clover-improved fermions with a physical value of the pion mass. Both connected and disconnected contributions are included, enabling us to extract the isoscalar, strange and charm charges for the first time directly at the physical point. Furthermore, the renormalization is computed non-perturbatively for both isovector and isoscalar quantities. We investigate excited state effects by analyzing several sink-source time separations and by employing a set of methods to probe ground state dominance. Our final results for the scalar charges are $g_S^u = 5.20(42)(15)(12)$, $g_S^d = 4.27(26)(15)(12)$, $g_S^s=0.33(7)(1)(4)$, $g_S^c=0.062(13)(3)(5)$ and for the tensor charges $g_T^u = 0.782(16)(2)(13)$, $g_T^d = -0.219(10)(2)(13)$, $g_T^s=-0.00319(69)(2)(22)$, $g_T^c=-0.00263(269)(2)(37)$ in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme at 2~GeV. The first error is statistical, the second is the systematic error due to the renormalization and the third the systematic arising from possible contamination due to the excited states.Comment: 20 pages and 13 figure

Diversidad genética de las razas porcinas ibérica y alentejana mediante el genotipado de variantes genéticas en genes mayores y genes candidatos

Las razas porcinas ibérica y alentejana se encuentran biogeográficamente localizadas en el suroeste de la península Ibérica. Estas razas comparten un conjunto de características comunes. Ambas son fenotípicamente muy similares; muestran un bajo índice de crecimiento y una elevada deposición grasa y tienen un sistema común de producción al aire libre en el que se explotan los recursos de la Dehesa. El objetivo del presente trabajo, dentro del marco del proyecto TREASURE, consistió en caracterizar la diversidad genética de ambas razas usando los datos de genotipado de 39 polimorfismos localizados en 34 genes previamente asociados a distintos caracteres de interés económico. Estos polimorfismos fueron genotipados en 950 cerdos pertenecientes a las razas ibérica y alentejana y a 18 razas europeas autóctonas adicionales. Los bajos valores para heterozigosidad observada y esperada indican una baja diversidad genética en ibéricos y alentejanos. Las distancias genéticas estimadas usando DS y FST fueron cercanas a 0 (0.007 y 0.039, respectivamente), sugieren que estas razas son genéticamente muy similares. Asimismo, las técnicas de análisis multivariante utilizadas como análisis de componentes principales y asignación a grupos mostraron que los individuos de estas razas están muy próximos formando clusters diferenciados del resto de razas. Estos resultados concuerdan con los de otros autores que ya mostraron distancias genéticas cortas entre ambas razas usando secuencias de ADN mitocondrial

Genetic diversity of Alentejano and Iberian breeds assessed by polymorphisms of major genes

Alentejano and Iberian breeds are biogeographically located in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. These breeds shared a set of common characteristics. Both are phenotypically very similar showing a low growth rate and a high intramuscular fat content and are reared under extensive systems in open range fields. The aim of the current study, carried out within the framework of the TREASURE project, intends to characterize of the genetic diversity of Alentejano and Iberian breeds using the genotyping data of 32 polymorphisms located on 26 major genes. These polymorphisms were genotyped in a total of 950 animals belonging to Alentejano, Iberian and 18 additional European breeds. The low mean values of observed (Ho) and expected (Hs) heterozygosity and FIS point out a low genetic diversity in the analyzed breeds. The genetic distances estimated using Ds and FST revealed values were close to 0 (0.005 and 0.030, respectively), suggesting that these breeds are genetically similar. The population structure analyzed with multivariate methods such as Discriminant Analysis of Principal Component and admixture analyses showed that both breeds were grouped within the same cluster. These results are supported by other authors based on mitochondrial sequences who reported short genetic distances between these breeds. Although complementary analyses using a larger number of markers should be performed, the results of the current analyses support the hypothesis of Alentejano and Iberian could be different strains of the same breed

Parámetros Químico-instrumental-sensoriales y quimiométricos como herramienta para discriminar entre las categorías de calidad de paletas Ibéricas curadas

A combination of physico-chemical and sensory measurements along with chemometric tools was used to authenticate the quality category of dry-cured Iberian shoulder. Depending on the confinement regime and feeding background, dry-cured Iberian shoulders from three classes were analyzed: i) pigs reared in confinement regime and fed with commercial feeds (CON class), ii) pigs reared in extensive regime and fed with commercial feeds (EXT class) and iii) pigs reared in extensive regime and fed with natural sources (grass and acorns), called Montanera regime (MON class). The principal component analysis (PCA) results discriminated among the three types of dry-cured shoulders according to their quality. The soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA), which is a classification model, enabled the characterization of the quality class of unknown dry-cured shoulder samples. Finally the Cooman´s plot and Si vs. Hi plot provide a classification for the unknown quality of dry-cured shoulders.La combinación de determinaciones físico-químicas y sensoriales con herramientas quimiométricas han sido utilizadas para identificar la calidad de paletas Ibéricas curadas. Dependiendo del grado de confinamiento y la alimentación, tres clases de paletas Ibéricas curadas fueron analizadas: i) a partir de cerdos criados en régimen intensividad y alimentados con piensos comerciales (clase CON), ii) a partir de cerdos criados en régimen de extensividad y alimentados con piensos comerciales (clase EXT) y iii) a partir de cerdos criados en régimen de extensividad y alimentados con recursos naturales (hierba y bellota) (clase MON, montanera). El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) permitió diferenciar entre tres tipos de paletas Ibéricas curadas de acuerdo con su calidad. El modelo multivariante clasificatorio, Suave Modelado Independiente de Clases Analógicas (SIMCA), permitió caracterizar la calidad de paletas curadas cuya clase se desconoce. Finalmente, las representaciones gráficas de Cooman´s y Si.vs.Hi permitieron la clasificación de la calidad de paletas Ibéricas curadas de calidad desconocida

Muscle transcriptome analysis reveals molecular pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation, antioxidant defense, fatness and growth in Mangalitsa and Moravka pigs

This work was aimed at evaluating loin transcriptome and metabolic pathway differences between the two main Serbian local pig breeds with divergent characteristics regarding muscle growth and fatness, as well as exploring nutrigenomic effects of tannin supplementation in Mangalitsa (MA) pigs. The study comprised 24 Mangalitsa and 10 Moravka (MO) males, which were kept under identical management conditions. Mangalitsa animals were divided in two nutritional groups (n = 12) receiving a standard (control) or tannin–supplemented diet (1.5%; MAT). Moravka pigs were fed the standard mixture. All animals were slaughtered at a similar age; 120 kg of average live weight (LW) and loin tissue was used for RNA‐seq analysis. Results showed 306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to breed, enriched in genes involved in growth, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism and muscle development, such as PDK4, FABP4, MYOD1 and STAT3, as well as a relevant number of genes involved in mitochondrial respiratory activity (MT‐NDs, NDUFAs among others). Oxidative phosphorylation was the most significantly affected pathway, activated in Mangalitsa muscle, revealing the basis of a different muscle metabolism. Also, many other relevant pathways were affected by breed and involved in oxidative stress response, fat accumulation and development of skeletal muscle. Results also allowed the identification of potential regulators and causal networks such as those controlled by FLCN, PPARGC1A or PRKAB1 with relevant regulatory roles on DEGs involved in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, or IL3 and TRAF2 potentially controlling DEGs involved in muscle development. The Tannin effect on transcriptome was small, with only 23 DEGs, but included interesting ones involved in lipid deposition such as PPARGC1B. The results indicate a significant effect of the breed on muscle tissue gene expression, affecting relevant biological pathways and allowing the identification of strong regulatory candidate genes to underlie the gene expression and phenotypic differences between the compared groups

I Jornada de expertos en ictiosis

On June 22, 2012 the First Symposium of Ichthyosis Experts in Spain was held at the Hospital Niño de Jesús in Madrid. It was a one-day symposium for dermatologists, pediatricians, and physicians-in-training interested in this disease, as well as for other health care professionals involved in the care of patients with ichthyosis. The aim of the meeting was to try to structure the care of ichthyosis patients in Spain. As happens in other rare diseases, because of the low prevalence of ichthyosis and the absence of designated referral centers, the number of patients treated in each center is very low and few dermatologists have any real clinical experience with this condition or know how to order diagnostic genetic tests. This article summarizes the presentations given at the symposium and is intended as a reference for anyone interested in the subject.El día 22 de junio de 2012 se celebró en el Hospital Niño Jesús la I Jornada de expertos en ictiosis, una jornada monográfica dirigida a dermatólogos, pediatras y médicos en formación interesados en esta enfermedad, así como al resto de profesionales sanitarios que participan en su atención. El objetivo de la l Jornada de expertos en ictiosis fue intentar estructurar la atención de los pacientes con ictiosis en España. Como ocurre con el resto de las enfermedades raras, su escasa prevalencia y la ausencia de centros de referencia formales diluyen el número de pacientes atendidos en cada centro, y pocos dermatólogos tienen verdadera experiencia clínica o conocen la manera de solicitar diagnóstico genético. En este artículo se resumen las ponencias expuestas en la Jornada para consulta de aquellas personas interesadas en el tema.Pathophysiology of Keratinization Disorders / Ángela Hernández . -- Extracutaneous Manifestations of Ichthyosis / Antonio Torrelo . -- New Clinical Classification of the Ichthyoses / Raúl de Lucas . -- Use of Histologic Diagnosis in Ichthyosis / Fernando Casco . -- Genetic Diagnosis of Ichthyosis / Rogelio González Sarmiento . -- The Multidisciplinary Approach in Ichthyosis: Psychological Care / José Luis Pedreira Massa . -- Collodion Baby and Congenital Erythroderma: Clinical Management and Course / Heiko Traupe . -- Treatment of Ichthyosis / Heiko Traupe . -- Lessons Learned from Experience / Pablo de Unamuno . -- Looking Towards the Future: Humanized Models of Ichthyosis and other Hyperkeratotic Disorders / Fernando Larcher, Marcela del Río . -- What Patients Need / The Leader ship Team of the Spanish Ichthyosis Association . -- Conclusions / Ángela HernándezPublicad

Resolución de una necrosis lingual por leptospirosis canina

The present study describes the clinical resolution of a tongue necrosis associated whit an acute renal failure due to leptospirosis. A 4 year old male Boston terrier canine was present with a tongue that showed changes of color, consistency, sensibility and lack of pulse. Regarding the renal profile urea (183 mg/ dl) and creatinine (1,8 mg/dl), values were increased and micro agglutination technique gave titers 1/3200 of Leptospira interrogans serovars, Ballum castellonis y Canicola canicola. Increased antibody titles and clinical manifestations, confirmed the diagnosis of acute kidney damage. The treatment began with fluid therapy using Ringer lactato and dextrose 5%. As leptospirosis was possible, antibiotic treatment was applied (penicillin combined with estreptomicina). Once the patient was stable, partial glosectomy was realized. Nevertheless, necrosis continued, so it was decided to use 1 mg/kg of dexametasona parenteraly during three days an then a lower dosis. Eight days later, the patient was recovered, although isostenuric urine density continued, urea (87 mg/dl) and creatinine (0,8 mg/dl) values decreased and the patient was stable. Despite corticosteroids are not recommended in acute renal failure in this case were used to control vasculitis. Considering the immune origin of vascular injury, treating the initial cause isn´t enough, reason why immunosuppressive drugs are recommended.Se describe la resolución clínica de una necrosis lingual asociada a insuficiencia renal aguda por leptospirosis. Un canino Boston terrier, macho entero de 4 años, a la exploración de la cavidad oral presentó alteraciones de la coloración, consistencia, sensibilidad y temperatura, así como ausencia de pulso en la punta de la lengua. En el perfil renal se observaron valores elevados de urea (183 mg/dl) y creatinina (1,8 mg/dl). Las pruebas de Ehrlichia y Leishmania fueron negativas, en tanto la prueba de microaglutinación microscópica, arrojó títulos de 1/3200 de los serovares Ballum castellonis y Canicola canicola de Leptospira interrogans. Los títulos elevados de anticuerpos y las manifestaciones clínicas compatibles, confirmaron el diagnóstico de daño renal agudo. Para el tratamiento se realizó fluidoterapia con Ringer lactato y dextosa al 5%. Ante la sospecha de leptospirosis se administró penicilina con estreptomicina. Una vez estabilizada, se realizó una glosectomía parcial. Sin embargo, como la necrosis continuó avanzando, se decidió administrar 1 mg/kg de dexametasona por vía parenteral cada 12 horas, durante 3 días, y luego dosis decreciente. A los 8 días, el paciente estaba recuperado, aunque todavía poseía densidad urinaria isostenúrica. El valor de urea fue de 87 mg/dl y el de creatinina 0,8 mg/ dl, con un paciente recuperado. Si bien, los corticoides no se recomiendan ante un daño renal agudo, el uso de dexametasona estaría indicado para resolver el daño vascular