Efecto del consumo de frutos secos sobre el balance calórico y diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular

Mediante el análisis transversal del estudio PREDIMED-Nureta se confirman los hallazgos anteriores de estudios epidemiológicos en relación a la existencia de una asociación inversa entre el consumo de frutos secos (FS) y el índice de masa corporal y además, los extiende a la adiposidad abdominal, aunque esta vez en una población europea de alto riesgo cardiovascular y acostumbrada a consumir FS. Este trabajo aporta también novedades respecto a los mecanismos a través de los cuales los FS podrían modular el balance energético (peso corporal, ingesta, saciedad, metabolismo energético) y ha demostrado que el consumo regular de FS dentro del contexto de una dieta saludable puede revertir algunas alteraciones propias del síndrome metabólico (SM), como la resistencia a la insulina. Se confirma así la seguridad del consumo crónico de una ración de frutos secos diarios en el manejo dietético de sujetos con SM. No obstante, se requieren estudios a largo plazo para profundizar en el conocimiento del efecto del consumo de frutos secos sobre el balance energético y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular probablemente involucrados en el desarrollo de la obesidad, la diabetes tipo 2 y otras enfermedades cardiovasculares.A cross-sectional study from the PREDIMED-Nureta trial confirms previous findings from epidemiological studies regarding the inverse association between nut consumption and body mass index and also extends them to the abdominal obesity, but this time in a high-risk cardiovascular European population with customarily high nut intake. This work also provides new mechanistic aspects regarding nut consumption and regulation of energy balance (body weight, food intake, satiety, energy metabolism) and has shown that regular nut consumption in the context of a healthy diet can alter some metabolic syndrome (MS) abnormalities, such as insulin resistance. It confirms the safety of consuming a daily serving of nuts in the dietary management of subjects with MS. However, long-term studies are required to understand the effect of nut consumption on energy balance and other cardiovascular risk factors probably involved in the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases

Novel strategies for improving dietary exposure assessment: Multiple-data fusion is a more accurate measure than the traditional single-biomarker approach

BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of food intake is the cornerstone of understanding the links between diet and optimal health status or risk of disease. The utilization of metabolomics approaches is revolutionizing the field of dietary assessment by associating metabolic profiles with intake of specific foods or dietary patterns and/or investigating human health status in nutritional trials. Combining dietary biomarkers with conventional dietary assessment methods is considered a potential strategy for tackling the complexity of dietary exposure fingerprinting. SCOPE AND APPROACH: We discuss existing approaches among dietary assessment methods and dietary biomarkers. A combined approach taking into consideration data from dietary questionnaires with measurements of dietary biomarkers is emphasized. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Trends in novel strategies for improving dietary exposure assessment will be influenced by the discovery and validation of dietary exposure biomarkers. Among different strategies, multi-metabolite biomarker panels enable more reliable estimation of dietary exposure than does the traditional single-biomarker approach. Therefore, a combined approach using data from dietary questionnaires along with measurements of dietary biomarkers is considered an excellent strategy for improving dietary exposure assessment

Assessing Adherence to Healthy Dietary Habits Through the Urinary Food Metabolome:Results From a European Two-Center Study

BACKGROUND: Diet is one of the most important modifiable lifestyle factors in human health and in chronic disease prevention. Thus, accurate dietary assessment is essential for reliably evaluating adherence to healthy habits. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify urinary metabolites that could serve as robust biomarkers of diet quality, as assessed through the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010). DESIGN: We set up two-center samples of 160 healthy volunteers, aged between 25 and 50, living as a couple or family, with repeated urine sampling and dietary assessment at baseline, and 6 and 12 months over a year. Urine samples were subjected to large-scale metabolomics analysis for comprehensive quantitative characterization of the food-related metabolome. Then, lasso regularized regression analysis and limma univariate analysis were applied to identify those metabolites associated with the AHEI-2010, and to investigate the reproducibility of these associations over time. RESULTS: Several polyphenol microbial metabolites were found to be positively associated with the AHEI-2010 score; urinary enterolactone glucuronide showed a reproducible association at the three study time points [false discovery rate (FDR): 0.016, 0.014, 0.016]. Furthermore, other associations were found between the AHEI-2010 and various metabolites related to the intake of coffee, red meat and fish, whereas other polyphenol phase II metabolites were associated with higher AHEI-2010 scores at one of the three time points investigated (FDR < 0.05 or β ≠ 0). CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that urinary metabolites, and particularly microbiota-derived metabolites, could serve as reliable indicators of adherence to healthy dietary habits. CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03169088

Acute effects of three high-fat meals with different fat saturations on energy expenditure, substrate oxidation and satiety

Background & aims: To compare the acute effects of three fatty meals with different fat quality on postprandial thermogenesis, substrate oxidation and satiety. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy men aged between 18 and 30 years participated in a randomised crossover trial comparing the thermogenic effects of three isocaloric meals: high in polyunsaturated fatty acids from walnuts, high in monounsaturated fatty acids from olive oil, and high in saturated fatty acids from fat-rich dairy products. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, 5-h postprandial energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. Satiety was estimated by using visual analogue scales and measuring caloric intake in a subsequent ad libitum meal. Results: Five-h postprandial thermogenesis was higher by 28% after the high-polyunsaturated meal (p = 0.039) and by 23% higher after the high-monounsaturated meal (p = 0.035) compared with the high-saturated meal. Fat oxidation rates increased nonsignificantly after the two meals rich in unsaturated fatty acids and decreased nonsignificantly after the high-saturated fatty acid meal. Postprandial respiratory quotient, protein and carbohydrate oxidation, and satiety measures were similar among meals. Conclusions: Fat quality determined the thermogenic response to a fatty meal but had no clear effects on substrate oxidation or satiety. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (CICYT-AGL2005-0365), Spanish Ministry of Health (RTIC RD06/0045), and the International Nut Council. Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) is an initiative of ISCIII.Peer Reviewe

Novel strategies for improving dietary exposure assessment: Multiple-data fusion is a more accurate measure than the traditional single-biomarker approach

BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of food intake is the cornerstone of understanding the links between diet and optimal health status or risk of disease. The utilization of metabolomics approaches is revolutionizing the field of dietary assessment by associating metabolic profiles with intake of specific foods or dietary patterns and/or investigating human health status in nutritional trials. Combining dietary biomarkers with conventional dietary assessment methods is considered a potential strategy for tackling the complexity of dietary exposure fingerprinting. SCOPE AND APPROACH: We discuss existing approaches among dietary assessment methods and dietary biomarkers. A combined approach taking into consideration data from dietary questionnaires with measurements of dietary biomarkers is emphasized. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Trends in novel strategies for improving dietary exposure assessment will be influenced by the discovery and validation of dietary exposure biomarkers. Among different strategies, multi-metabolite biomarker panels enable more reliable estimation of dietary exposure than does the traditional single-biomarker approach. Therefore, a combined approach using data from dietary questionnaires along with measurements of dietary biomarkers is considered an excellent strategy for improving dietary exposure assessment

Consumption of Distinct Dietary Lipids during Early Pregnancy Differentially Modulates the Expression of microRNAs in Mothers and Offspring

Diet during pregnancy and lactation influences the offspring's health in the long-term. Indeed, human epidemiological studies and animal experiments suggest that different type of fatty acids consumption during pregnancy affect offspring development and susceptibility to metabolic disorders. Epigenetic changes are thought to be elicited by dietary factors during critical timing of development. microRNAs (miRNAs) are versatile regulators of gene expression. Thus, we aimed to determine the influence of different fatty acids on miRNA expression in offspring when given during early pregnancy. We fed pregnant either soybean (SO), olive (OO), fish (FO), linseed (LO), or palm-oil (PO) diets from conception to day 12 of gestation; and standard diet thereafter. miRNA expression was assessed in liver an adipose tissue of pregnant rats and their virgin counterparts. While liver concentrations of fatty acids in pregnant or virgin rats replicated those of the diets consumed during early pregnancy, their pups' liver tissue marginally reflected those of the respective experimental feeds. By contrast, the liver fatty acid profile of adult offsprings was similar, regardless of the diet fed during gestation. Different parental miRNAs were modulated by the different type of fatty acid: in adult offspring, miR-215, miR-10b, miR-26, miR-377-3p, miR-21, and miR-192 among others, were differentially modulated by the different fatty acids fed during early pregnancy. Overall, our results show that maternal consumption of different types of fatty acids during early pregnancy influences miRNA expression in both maternal and offspring tissues, which may epigenetically explain the long-term phenotypic changes of the offspring