Las conferencias de Giulio Carlo Argan en Madrid (1964): la perspectiva de Jorge Oteiza

Resumen: En 1964 Giulio Carlo Argan impartió tres conferencias en Madrid bajo el título “Situación y problemáticas del Arte contemporáneo” a las que asistió e intervino Jorge Oteiza. Desde material original e inédito, se repasan sus reflexiones sobre la segunda conferencia: “Proyecto y tecnología en el arte y la arquitectura”. Se analizan y comparan las ideas de ambos en tres aspectos: la Ley de los Cambios aplicada a la arquitectura y a determinados arquitectos; la estética y la ética en el campo arquitectónico; y la integración del arte y la arquitectura y su distinción de la ingeniería. Fruto de estos coloquios y propiciado por el debate que existía sobre la enseñanza de la arquitectura en Madrid, Oteiza propuso una Nueva Escuela de Arquitectura e Investigaciones Estéticas Comparadas. Así, se busca ampliar el estudio de la influencia de Argan en la arquitectura española, en la que Oteiza participaba con clara actitud propositiva.Abstract: In 1964, Giulio Carlo Argan gave three lectures in Madrid under the title “Status and Problems of Contemporary Art”. Jorge Oteiza attended the lectures and took an active part in them. Drawing on original and unpublished material, this paper looks at his thoughts on the second lecture, entitled “Design and Technology in Art and Architecture”. It analyses and compares the ideas of both authors from three standpoints: the “law of changes” as applied to architecture and certain architects; aesthetics and ethics in the field of architecture; and the integration of art with architecture rather than with engineering. As a result of these discussions, and prompted by the existing debate on the teaching of architecture in Madrid, Oteiza proposed a New School of Architecture and Comparative Aesthetics. This paper thus aims to expand on the study of Argan’s influence on Spanish architecture, a field in which Oteiza was proactively involved

Taller de arquitectura: confluencia de ejes temáticos de innovación docente

[Resumen] El taller de arquitectura aparece por la necesidad de integración de las distintas competencias que deberá adquirir el estudiantado durante el aprendizaje en el desarrollo de una propuesta arquitectónica relevante, que le ha de acercar a la realidad interdisciplinar que supone el trabajo profesional arquitectónico a través de una intervención concreta. Para eso se tendrán en cuenta los conceptos de responsabilidad social y adaptación ambiental desarrollando siempre la capacidad crítica y el compromiso ético con la sociedad y las condiciones de confort actuales. Se pretende que el alumnado aborde un proceso complejo de desarrollo de una propuesta de intervención arquitectónica completa, desde su diseño hasta su realización técnica precisa, que abarque las fases de toma de datos, interpretación, elaboración y ejecución. Se utiliza una confluencia de ejes temáticos de innovación docente que han de ajustarse a un plan de trabajo establecido en un cronograma que fije fases para garantizar la elaboración del proyecto completo en el período docente establecido. Esta comunicación se centra principalmente en la exposición y valoración de las metodologías activas utilizadas, sus combinaciones y los resultados obtenidos. Las metodologías se analizan en relación con el resto de los ejes temáticos y su importante clave temporal.[Abstract] The architecture workshop arises from the need to integrate the different skills that students must acquire during their learning in the development of a relevant architectural proposal, which must bring them closer to the interdisciplinary reality of professional architectural work through a specific intervention. To this end, the concepts of social responsibility and environmental adaptation will be considered, always developing critical capacity and ethical commitment to society and current comfort conditions. The aim is for students to tackle a complex process of developing a complete architectural intervention proposal, from its design to its precise technical realisation, covering the phases of data collection, interpretation, elaboration and execution. It uses a confluence of thematic axes of teaching innovation that have to conform to a work plan established in a schedule that sets phases to ensure the development of the complete project in the established teaching period. This communication focuses mainly on the presentation and assessment of the active methodologies used, their combinations and the results obtained. The methodologies are analysed in relation to the rest of the thematic axes and their important temporal ke

Antecedentes de los talleres de arquitectura: una colaboración entre docentes

[Resumen] Se recogen los antecedentes de los Talleres de Arquitectura, experiencia de colaboración entre profesores, que gestionan la transversalidad de la naturaleza del oficio de la arquitectura. Éstos fueron concebidos para facilitar la confluencia de los contenidos de las diferentes asignaturas en torno al proyecto arquitectónico, garantizando la optimización de los recursos docentes y racionalizando el trabajo del alumnado. El modelo propuesto es un espacio de trabajo e intercambio al que asisten simultáneamente, no secuencialmente, los profesores de las diversas materias: proyectos, construcción, estructuras, urbanística, instalaciones y composición. Estos talleres están ahora incorporados en los nuevos planes de estudios de la titulación: grado y máster. Aquí se exponen y analizan los antecedentes, las experiencias previas, que determinaron la asunción de este modelo[Abstract] The history of the Architecture Workshops (Talleres de Arquitectura) is revised, where these workshops are a collaboration experience among professors who manage the transversal nature of the architecture trade. These workshops were conceived to facilitate the confluence of the contents of the different subjects that concern the architectural project, thus guaranteeing the optimization of the teaching resources and rationalizing the work of the students. The proposed model is a work and exchange space that is attended simultaneously, not sequentially, by the professors of the different subjects: projects, construction, structures, urban planning, installations and composition. These workshops are now incorporated in the new curricula of the School of Architecture: degree and master. Here the antecedents, the previous experiences that determined the assumption of this model, are exposed and analyse

Indicators Framework for Sustainable Urban Design

[Abstract] Climate change and sustainability have recently been object of study due to the impact on the planet and on human activity of the first and the benefits that could derive from the efficiency of the second. Particularly, urban environments are locations that represent a high percentage of emissions of gases, waste, resources use and so forth. However, they are places where great changes can be made, in an attempt to accomplish the urgent challenge to adapt to current and projected rates of climate change. Research has shown that a fruitful approach to urban sustainability is to describe indicators that measure the effectiveness of current processes of urban infrastructures, analyze areas in need of improvement and measure the effect of any actions taken. The significant feature of this research relies on its global approach, considering both major worldwide used and less widely-spread frameworks and the analysis of the 32 selected tools and guidelines, including over 2000 indicators. The result is a proposed structure of 14 categories and 48 indicators, easily applicable in urban areas, that tries to fulfill basic aspects to obtain a general diagnosis of the sustainable nature of the urban environment, which can serve as support to detect the strongest and weakest areas in terms of their sustainability

Urban Sustainability: Innovative Spaces, Vulnerabilities and Opportunities

[Abstract] The need to promote a debate among researchers from active research networks in IAPS is at the origin of this book on “Urban sustainability: Innovative spaces, vulnerabilities and opportunities”. This book is the reflection of a growing tradition of tackling issues that are central to social and political efforts to solve pressing societal and environmental problems in evermore intricate contexts of resource scarcity, growing population and urbanization, social inequality and rising emissions. Promoting research and creating the conditions for lively and effective scientific debate has been part of the mission of IAPS since its beginnings. The growing effervescence of content network is reflected in a rising number of scientific events and interesting publications, such as the book you now have in your hands. In this introduction, we will gloss over the reasons that lie behind the choice of theme, which is likely to underlie the discussions and debates throughout the next years, all over the world. The theme we have selected, and reflected in the title, makes reference to a recurring concept that is ever-present in today’s society: sustainabilit

Sentido social del hábitat. IV Congreso sobre Arquitectura y Cooperación al Desarrollo: libro de resúmenes

Resúmenes del IV Congreso sobre Arquitectura y Cooperación al Desarrollo, celebrado los días 29 y 30 de septiembre de 2016 en A Coruña

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

The lectures given by Giulio Carlo Argan in Madrid (1964): the perspective of Jorge Oteiza

En 1964 Giulio Carlo Argan impartió tres conferencias en Madrid bajo el título “Situación y problemáticas del Arte contemporáneo” a las que asistió e intervino Jorge Oteiza. Desde material original e inédito, se repasan sus reflexiones sobre la segunda conferencia: “Proyecto y tecnología en el arte y la arquitectura”. Se analizan y comparan las ideas de ambos en tres aspectos: la Ley de los Cambios aplicada a la arquitectura y a determinados arquitectos; la estética y la ética en el campo arquitectónico; y la integración del arte y la arquitectura y su distinción de la ingeniería. Fruto de estos coloquios y propiciado por el debate que existía sobre la enseñanza de la arquitectura en Madrid, Oteiza propuso una Nueva Escuela de Arquitectura e Investigaciones Estéticas Comparadas. Así, se busca ampliar el estudio de la influencia de Argan en la arquitectura española, en la que Oteiza participaba con clara actitud propositiva.In 1964, Giulio Carlo Argan gave three lectures in Madrid under the title “Status and Problems of Contemporary Art”. Jorge Oteiza attended the lectures and took an active part in them. Drawing on original and unpublished material, this paper looks at his thoughts on the second lecture, entitled “Design and Technology in Art and Architecture”. It analyses and compares the ideas of both authors from three standpoints: the “law of changes” as applied to architecture and certain architects; aesthetics and ethics in the field of architecture; and the integration of art with architecture rather than with engineering. As a result of these discussions, and prompted by the existing debate on the teaching of architecture in Madrid, Oteiza proposed a New School of Architecture and Comparative Aesthetics. This paper thus aims to expand on the study of Argan’s influence on Spanish architecture, a field in which Oteiza was proactively involved

The Energy Efficiency Plan of the University of a Coruña: a Commitment to Photovoltaic Solar Energy in The Face of The Challenge of Renewable Energies

Since 2020, the University of a Coruña (UDC) has been developing an Energy Efficiency Plan that is already yielding its first beneficial results. An ambitious plan to renovate the building envelopes to make them thermally efficient, together with a determined policy of centralization in district heating and a commitment to photovoltaic solar energy on the roofs, constitute the essence of this Energy Efficiency Plan. The renewal of aerothermal heat pump systems, at the limit of their useful life, and the replacement of diesel boilers with aerothermal or gas boilers, which are more efficient and require less maintenance, is another major challenge. The climatic peculiarity of our area, a temperate oceanic climate with cool summers, allows the use of free cooling throughout the year with high performance. The widespread changeover of lighting to LED technology has been a determining factor in energy savings. We raise two fundamental questions to be determined for the proposed model plan: what indicators can we establish as efficient performance and what capacity does the model plan have to maintain its efficiency in another location