Reparación ósea radiográfica de lesiones periapicales post tratamiento endodóntico en dientes tratados en pre y postgrado entre los años 2010 a 2014

Tesis (Cirujano Dentista)Las lesiones periapicales, producto de una necrosis pulpar total corresponden a una de las patologías óseas más comunes del hueso alveolar1. Una vez producida la infección y posterior necrosis pulpar se desarrolla un proceso denominado periodontitis apical, las que se pueden clasificar en base a sus hallazgos clínicos, radiográficos e histológicos2. Las lesiones asociadas con sintomatología como dolor e inflamación se denominan agudas o sintomáticas y aquellas que poseen una sintomatología apagada o inexistente corresponden a las crónicas o asintomáticas2. Para poder frenar este proceso es necesario realizar la endodoncia en el diente afectado, con el objetivo de eliminar la infección que se encuentra al interior de los conductos radiculares, lo que conlleva básicamente tres pasos: conformación de la cavidad de acceso, preparación biomecánica y obturación del conducto radicular. Actualmente la Asociación Americana de Endodoncia reconoce cinco patologías periapicales existentes: Periodontitis apical sintomática, periodontitis apical asintomática, absceso apical agudo, absceso apical crónico y osteítis condensante3. Hay ciertos diagnósticos en que no siempre se observará un área radiolúcida periapical, como en la periodontitis apical sintomática, ya que también se puede originar producto de un trauma oclusal, lo que en este caso es completamente reversible, observándose radiográficamente una línea periodontal apical ensanchada. En el absceso apical agudo, se pueden dar dos situaciones: cuando se está frente a una necrosis pulpar, en la cual por la rapidez del cuadro no hay tiempo suficiente para formar una lesión y aquella en que la periodontitis apical asintomática se reagudiza y si se observará una lesión periapical

Caracterización física de ligantes asfálticos con CECABASE para mezclas tibias

Reducir el consumo de energía así como las emisiones en la industria de la producción de mezclas asfálticas requiere la reducción de temperaturas de fabricación, las cuales tienden a perjudicar el rendimiento de la misma, por tal motivo el objetivo de esta investigación es presentar los resultados de laboratorio obtenidos de la caracterización física de ligantes asfálticos con diferentes porcentajes del aditivo CECABASE RT® para producir mezclas asfálticas tibias que tengan el mismo desempeño que una mezcla asfáltica caliente y que brinden soluciones a la problemática ambiental nacional, consiguiendo reducciones en la temperatura de producción y aplicación de la mezcla hasta de 40° C, proporcionando así un ahorro significativo en la energía de producción, logrando importantes avances en la protección del medio ambiente, mejorandó las condiciones laborales del trabajador y manteniendo siempre el desempeño de la mezcla. El presente trabajo inicio con el objetivo de evaluar el ligante modificado con el aditivo ya mencionado, al observar que no se presentaron cambios en sus propiedades físicas, se decidió introducir en el tema de mezclas, con el fin de verificar la reducción de temperaturas de compactación y mezclado, utilizamos una mezcla asfáltica tipo MOC-2 de INVIAS, modificada con 0.4% de CECABASE R-rs' ,esta mezcla fue compactada en elcompactador giratorio SUPERPAVE y se caracterizó por medio del ensayo de susceptibilidad a la humedad, el resultado del ensayo de tracción indirecta, mostraron que la mezcla asfáltica tibia tiene el mismo desempeño de una mezcla asfáltica caliente, concluyendo que no se encuentra variación en las características físicas del ligante con la adición del aditivo, sin embargo se logra la reducción de la temperatura de los agregados en la producción de la mezcla.Reduce energy consumption and emissions in the production of asphalt mixtures requires the reduction of production temperatures, which tend to affect the performance of it, for this reason the objective of this research is to present the laboratory results obtained from the physical characterization of asphalt binders with different percentages of additive CECABASE Rr® to produce warm mix asphalt with the same performance that a hot mix asphalt, providing solutions to national environmental issues, achieving reductions in the production and compaction temperatures up to 40 o C, thus providing significant savings in energy production, making progress in the protection of the environment, improving the working conditions of workers and maintaining the performance of the mixture. This workbegan with the aim of evaluating the modified binder with this chemical additive, no changes were observed in physical properties, so it was decided to introduce the mixtures subject, in order to verify the reduction of mixing and compaction temperatures, a MOC-2 asphalt mixture (a kind of dense graded asphalt used in Colombia), was modified with 0.4% of CECABASE RT®, the mixture was compacted in the Superpave gyratory compactor and characterized by the moisture sensitivity test, the indirect tensile strength results showed that the warm mix asphalt had the same performance than a hot mix asphalt, concluding that there is no variation in the physical characteristics of the binder with the addition of the additive, however achieves the reduction of temperature.Ingeniero (a) CivilPregrad

Influencia de la suplementación de omega 3 y té verde sobre el deterioro cognitivo en ratas inducidas a obesidad

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en NutriciónLa obesidad producida por un excesivo consumo de grasas en la dieta es un factor de riesgo de deterioro cognitivo, demencia e inclusive enfermedades degenerativas. El objetivo de la tesis fue evaluar el efecto de la administración de té verde (450 mg/kg peso, 38.9 mg EAG/g de té verde) y omega 3 (400 mg/kg peso, 120 mg de EPA y 80 mg DHA) en el deterioro cognitivo de ratas inducidas a obesidad mediante una dieta alta en grasas. El experimento se dividió en dos etapas, en la primera, se indujo a obesidad a 20 ratas con una dieta obesogénica (DO) durante 8 semanas; en la segunda etapa de suministración de suplementos, se distribuyeron aleatoriamente los animales a cada tratamiento: TI, DE; TII, DO; TIII, DO+T; TIV; DO+O-3; TV, DO+T+O-3; continuando su alimentación obesogénica y recibiendo sus suplementos respectivamente durante 30 días. Al término del experimento se evaluó peso corporal, índice de Lee, consumo de alimentos, parámetros sanguíneos (niveles de triglicéridos, c-HDL y glucosa en sangre), citocina proinflamatoria TNF-α y el deterioro cognitivo, la memoria de corto y largo plazo. No se tuvo diferencias estadísticas (p>0.05) para el peso final, índice de Lee, c-HDL y glucosa entre los grupos que recibieron los suplementos y los grupo control; sin embargo, se observó menor nivel de triglicéridos en aquellos animales que recibieron té verde, omega 3 y ambos, en comparación al grupo control DO. Los animales que recibieron DO+T+O-3, mostraron un mayor tiempo de exploración sobre el objeto nuevo y altos valores en los índices de discriminación, observándose un mejor desempeño en la memoria de corto plazo en comparación al grupo DO. En cuanto a la memoria de largo plazo, se observó un serio deterioro de esta, en las ratas que recibieron DO, ya que su capacidad de discriminar entre el objeto novedoso y familiar resulto casi nula; por otro lado, el tratamiento DO+T+O-3 junto con DO+T mostraron los mayores tiempos de exploración del objeto novedoso y mejor performance en la memoria de largo plazo.Obesity arising from excessive dietary fat intake is a risk factor for cognitive decline, dementia including neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of the administration of green tea (450 mg/kg weight, 38.9 mg EAG/g green tea) and omega 3 (400 mg/kg weight, 120 mg EPA and 80 mg DHA) on the cognitive impairment of obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. The experiment was divided into two stages: in the first, obesity was induced in 20 rats with an obesogenic diet (OD) for 8 weeks; in the second stage of supplementation, the animals were randomly assigned to each treatment: TI, DE; TII, DO; TIII, DO+T; TIV; DO+O-3; TV, DO+T+O-3; continuing their obesogenic diet and receiving their supplements respectively for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, body weight, Lee index, food consumption, blood parameters (levels of triglycerides, HDL-c and blood glucose), proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and cognitive impairment, short- and long-term memory were evaluated. . There were no statistical differences (p>0.05) for final weight, Lee index, HDL-c and glucose between the groups that received the supplements and the control group; however, a lower level of triglycerides was observed in those animals that received green tea, omega 3 and both, compared to the DO control group. The animals that received DO+T+O-3, showed a longer exploration time on the new object and high values in the discrimination indices, observing a better performance in short-term memory compared to the DO group. As for long-term memory, a serious deterioration was observed in the rats that received OD, since their ability to discriminate between the novel and the familiar object was almost null; On the other hand, the DO+T+O-3 treatment together with DO+T showed the longest exploration times of the novel object and the best performance in long-term memory

Producción de enzimas lingnolíticas con Trametes polyzona LMB TM5 mediante la fermentación por adhesión a superficie empleando residuos de Bolaina Blanca

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento Académico de BiologíaSe utilizó la cepa Trametes polyzona LMB TM5 para la producción de enzimas lignolíticas (lacasas, manganeso y ligninaperoxidasa) en residuos de aserrín de Bolaina blanca (Guazuma crinita) en un Sistema de Fermentación por Adhesión a superficies (FAS) utilizando Fermentación en estado Sólido (FES). A través de la investigación realizada se estandarizaron las condiciones de la FES, incluyendo el tamaño de partícula, fuente nitrogenada orgánica e inorgánica, el % (v/v) de inóculo miceliar y la concentración de sulfato de cobre (CuSO4) en el medio de cultivo. Los mayores títulos enzimáticos se obtuvieron con aserrín de tamaño de partícula de 0.5 mm, 7% w/w de torta de soya como fuente de nitrógeno y 5 mM de CuSO4. La actividad de lacasas y lignina peroxidasa fue de 2.04 U g-1 y 2.6 U g-1 , respectivamente las 360 horas de cultivo y la máxima actividad de manganeso peroxidasa se obtuvo a las 240 horas con un título de 0.72 U g-1 . Además, se determinó la capacidad de deslignificación de T. polyzona LMB TM5 en la FES estandarizada. Los resultados indicaron que la cepa tiene potencial para la degradación de lignina, registrándose una pérdida de 9.4% de lignina insoluble equivalente a 2.8 gramos a los 15 días de iniciado el proceso de incubación. Además, se realizó la inmovilización de micelio de T. polyzona LMB TM5 en perlas de gel de alginato para la producción de semilla. Los cultivos inoculados con perlas de alginato registraron mayores títulos de lacasas en comparación con el uso de inóculo miceliar, obteniéndose 2.44 U g-1 y 2.04 U g-1 , respectivamente. En el caso de manganeso y lignina peroxidasa la producción enzimática fue menor utilizando la matriz de alginato que en el de células libres obteniéndose 0.4 U g-1 y 0.57 U g-1 y 0.74 U g-1 y 2.6 U g-1 , respectivamente. Finalmente se realizó la deshidratación de perlas de alginato a 37°C. Los resultados demostraron que la producción enzimática disminuyó progresivamente en relación al tiempo de almacenamiento.Trametes polyzona LMB TM5 strain was used for the production of lignolytic enzymes (laccases, manganese and lignin peroxidase) in sawdust residues from Bolaina blanca (Guazuma crinita) in a Surface Adhesion Fermentation System (FAS) using Solid State Fermentation (FES). Through the research carried out, the conditions of the FES were standardized, including the particle size, organic and inorganic nitrogenous source, the % (v/v) of mycelial inoculum and the concentration of copper sulfate (CuSO4) in the medium culture. The highest enzymatic titers were obtained with 0.5 mm particle size sawdust, 7% w/w soybean cake as nitrogen source and 5 mM CuSO4. Laccase and lignin peroxidase activity was 2.04 Ug -1 and 2.6 Ug-1 , respectively, at 360 hours of culture, and the maximum manganese peroxidase activity was obtained at 240 hours with a titer of 0.72 Ug -1 . In addition, the delignification capacity of T. polyzona LMB TM5 in the standardized FES was determined. The results indicated that the strain has a high potential for lignin degradation, registering a loss of 9.4% of insoluble lignin equivalent to 2.8 grams 15 days after the incubation process began. In addition, the mycelium of T. polyzona LMB TM5 was immobilized on alginate gel beads for seed production. Cultures inoculated with alginate beads recorded higher laccase titers compared to the use of mycelial inoculum, obtaining 2.44 Ug -1 and 2.04 Ug -1 , respectively. In the case of manganese and lignin peroxidase, the enzymatic production was lower using the alginate matrix than in that of free cells, obtaining 0.4 Ug -1 and 0.57 Ug -1 and 0.74 Ug -1 and 2.6 Ug -1 , respectively. Finally, the alginate beads were dehydrated at 37°C. The results showed that enzyme production progressively decreased in relation to storage time

Characterization of primary cilia during the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells in the zebrafish

BACKGROUND: Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation in vivo is a highly stereotyped process, likely resulting from the interaction of cell type-specific transcription factors and tissue-derived signaling factors. The primary cilium, as a signaling hub in the cell, may have a role during this process but its presence and localization during RGC generation, and its contribution to the process of cell differentiation, have not been previously assessed in vivo. METHODS: In this work we analyzed the distribution of primary cilia in vivo using laser scanning confocal microscopy, as well as their main ultrastructural features by transmission electron microscopy, in the early stages of retinal histogenesis in the zebrafish, around the time of RGC generation and initial differentiation. In addition, we knocked-down ift88 and elipsa, two genes with an essential role in cilia generation and maintenance, a treatment that caused a general reduction in organelle size. The effect on retinal development and RGC differentiation was assessed by confocal microscopy of transgenic or immunolabeled embryos. RESULTS: Our results show that retinal neuroepithelial cells have an apically-localized primary cilium usually protruding from the apical membrane. We also found a small proportion of sub-apical cilia, before and during the neurogenic period. This organelle was also present in an apical position in neuroblasts during apical process retraction and dendritogenesis, although between these stages cilia appeared highly dynamic regarding both presence and position. Disruption of cilia caused a decrease in the proliferation of retinal progenitors and a reduction of neural retina volume. In addition, retinal histogenesis was globally delayed albeit RGC layer formation was preferentially reduced with respect to the amacrine and photoreceptor cell layers. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that primary cilia exhibit a highly dynamic behavior during early retinal differentiation, and that they are required for the proliferation and survival of retinal progenitors, as well as for neuronal generation, particularly of RGCs.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e InnovaciónPEDECIBAInstitut Pasteur de Montevide

Characterization of primary cilia during the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells in the zebrafish

Background: Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation in vivo is a highly stereotyped process, likely resulting from the interaction of cell type-specific transcription factors and tissue-derived signaling factors. The primary cilium, as a signaling hub in the cell, may have a role during this process but its presence and localization during RGC generation, and its contribution to the process of cell differentiation, have not been previously assessed in vivo. Methods: In this work we analyzed the distribution of primary cilia in vivo using laser scanning confocal microscopy, as well as their main ultrastructural features by transmission electron microscopy, in the early stages of retinal histogenesis in the zebrafish, around the time of RGC generation and initial differentiation. In addition, we knocked-down ift88 and elipsa, two genes with an essential role in cilia generation and maintenance, a treatment that caused a general reduction in organelle size. The effect on retinal development and RGC differentiation was assessed by confocal microscopy of transgenic or immunolabeled embryos. Results: Our results show that retinal neuroepithelial cells have an apically-localized primary cilium usually protruding from the apical membrane. We also found a small proportion of sub-apical cilia, before and during the neurogenic period. This organelle was also present in an apical position in neuroblasts during apical process retraction and dendritogenesis, although between these stages cilia appeared highly dynamic regarding both presence and position. Disruption of cilia caused a decrease in the proliferation of retinal progenitors and a reduction of neural retina volume. In addition, retinal histogenesis was globally delayed albeit RGC layer formation was preferentially reduced with respect to the amacrine and photoreceptor cell layers. Conclusions: These results indicate that primary cilia exhibit a highly dynamic behavior during early retinal differentiation, and that they are required for the proliferation and survival of retinal progenitors, as well as for neuronal generation, particularly of RGCs

Edu-entretenimiento y movilización social en la prevención de las Violencias Basadas en Género en adolescentes: Hallazgos sobre el rol del diálogo, el debate y la reflexión en un piloto de "Revelados" en un municipio del Caribe colombiano

This article addresses the process of generating dialogue, debate and reflection on Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in adolescents in the municipality of San Juan Nepomuceno (Bolívar), within the realization of a pilot of the strategy of Edutainment and Social Mobilization "Revealed from all positions", implemented in several municipalities in Colombia. Through focus groups, interviews and the Most Significant Change technique, among other findings, the different ways in which GBV is expressed in the adolescent and young population were identified, as well as the importance of the articulation of workshops to deepen knowledge, with theater as a catalyst for emotions, as well as with television production as a setting for participation to work around GBV. These findings enrich the previous evidence regarding how Communication for Social and Behavioral Change, and particularly edutainment and social mobilization, can contribute through dialogue, debate and reflection to the prevention and reduction of GBV in the adolescent population. and young. Este artículo aborda el proceso de generación de diálogo, debate y reflexión sobre Violencias Basadas en Género (VBG) en adolescentes del municipio de San Juan Nepomuceno (Bolívar), en el marco de la realización de un piloto de la estrategia de Edu-entretenimiento y Movilización Social “Revelados desde todas las posiciones”, implementada en varios municipios de Colombia. A través de grupos focales, entrevistas y la técnica de Most Significant Change se identificaron, entre otros hallazgos, las distintas formas como se expresa la VBG en la población adolescente y joven, así como la importancia de la articulación de los talleres para profundizar conocimientos, con el teatro como catalizador de emociones, así como con la producción de televisión como escenario de participación para trabajar en torno a la VBG. Estos hallazgos enriquecen la evidencia previa en torno a cómo la Comunicación para el Cambio Social y de Comportamiento y particular el eduentretenimiento y la movilización social pueden aportar desde el diálogo, el debate y la reflexión a la prevención y disminución de las VBG en la población adolescente y joven

Agonist antibodies activating the Met receptor protect cardiomyoblasts from cobalt chloride-induced apoptosis and autophagy

Met, the tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), mainly activates prosurvival pathways, including protection from apoptosis. In this work, we investigated the cardioprotective mechanisms of Met activation by agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)), a chemical mimetic of hypoxia, was used to induce cardiac damage in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, which resulted in reduction of cell viability by (i) caspase-dependent apoptosis and (ii) – surprisingly – autophagy. Blocking either apoptosis with the caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-VAD-fluoromethylketone or autophagosome formation with 3-methyladenine prevented loss of cell viability, which suggests that both processes contribute to cardiomyoblast injury. Concomitant treatment with Met-activating antibodies or HGF prevented apoptosis and autophagy. Pro-autophagic Redd1, Bnip3 and phospho-AMPK proteins, which are known to promote autophagy through inactivation of the mTOR pathway, were induced by CoCl(2). Mechanistically, Met agonist antibodies or HGF prevented the inhibition of mTOR and reduced the flux of autophagosome formation. Accordingly, their anti-autophagic function was completely blunted by Temsirolimus, a specific mTOR inhibitor. Targeted Met activation was successful also in the setting of low oxygen conditions, in which Met agonist antibodies or HGF demonstrated anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects. Activation of the Met pathway is thus a promising novel therapeutic tool for ischaemic injury

Desarrollo del sistema de gestión de calidad, según las directrices de la norma ISO 9001:2008, en la empresa Fremi SAS

Es una tendencia mundial tener los más altos estándares de calidad en todos los productos y servicios, las empresas buscan diariamente cómo mejorar y llegar a ser líderes en cada uno de los mercados, para esto es necesario emplear un sistema que logre llegar a cumplir estas expectativas. La venta y distribución gráfica hacen parte del grupo de áreas que requieren una mejora continua, así como la implementación de un sistema de calidad que estandarice sus procesos, permitiendo cumplir sus metas y objetivos a través de un enfoque centrado en la gestión. En Colombia muchas de las empresas de este sector no cuentan con la herramienta necesaria para lograrlo, es por esto que se toma como base para la presente investigación a la empresa FREMI SAS, dedicada a la comunicación gráfica, llevando a cabo un análisis de su estado actual basado en la norma ISO 9001:2008 con el fin de brindarle una alternativa basada en estrategias que optimicen sus procesos. FREMI SAS, es una empresa que a pesar de caracterizarse por tener un servicio óptimo, integral y preciso, brindando confianza a sus clientes, aún les falta profundizar en implementar la calidad como ética organizacional. Los resultados del diagnóstico arrojan que es necesario llevar una medición más seria, un análisis detallado y un seguimiento de los procesos, evidenciando que es conveniente desarrollar un Sistema de Gestión de Calidad bajo la norma ISO 9001:2008 que permita el mejoramiento continuo de toda la organización de tal manera que en un futuro puedan llegar a ser certificados y así lograr no solo una ventaja competitiva sino también pueda generar aumento en la rentabilidad, mejora en la productividad, penetración de nuevos mercados y perfeccionamiento de sus productos y servicios.Is a global trend to have the highest standards of quality in all products and services, companies seek daily how to improve and become leaders in each one of the markets, for this it is necessary to use a system that allows comply these expectations. The sale and the graphic distribution are part of the group of areas that require continuous improvement, as well as the implementation of a quality system to standardize their processes allowing achieve their goals and objectives through an approach focused on the management; but in Colombia many of the companies in this sector do not have the necessary tool to accomplish this. So that is taken as the basis for this investigation to FREMI SAS Company dedicated to the graphic communication, carried out an analysis of its present state based on the ISO 9001: 2008 in order to provide an alternative based on strategies to optimize their processes. FREMI SAS is a company that despite distinguish itself by having optimal, integral and precise service, providing confidence to customers, still lacking deepen in implement the quality as organizational ethics. The diagnostic results show that it is necessary to keep a serious measurement, a detailed analysis and monitoring of processes, by showing that is advisable to develop a Quality Management System under ISO 9001: 2008 which allows continuous improvement throughout the organization so that in the future can become certificates and so achieve not only a competitive advantage but also can generate increase in profitability, improved productivity, penetration of new markets and improved products and services

Functional MRI correlates of cognitive performance in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of MS at presentation: an activation and connectivity study

Background/Objective: To assess whether abnormalities on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are related to cognitive function in patients at presentation with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Methods: Eighteen patients with CIS and 15 healthy controls (HCs) performed an adapted fMRI version of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). According to their PASAT performance, CIS patients were divided into two groups: 10 with a low PASAT performance (<1 SD from the mean value of HCs) were considered ‘cognitive impairment’ (CI); eight patients were defined as ‘cognitively preserved’ (CP). Between-group differences in the patterns of brain activations and effective connectivity were assessed. Results: During PASAT, compared to HCs, CIS patients showed increased activations of the bilateral inferior parietal lobe (IPL), bilateral precuneus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG), left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left claustrum, right thalamus and right caudate nucleus. When CIS patients were analyzed, the CI group had a more significant activation of the bilateral IPL than HCs and CP patients. Compared to CP patients, they also had more significant recruitment of the right superior parietal lobe, right cerebellum, left MFG and left ACC. The analysis of effective connectivity showed stronger connections between several regions of the right hemisphere involved in working memory function in CI patients versus CP and HC. Conclusions: During performance of the PASAT, CIS patients show abnormalities in the patterns of cortical recruitment and connectivity related to the level of their cognitive impairment.This research has been supported by the following grants: Alicia Koplowitz Foundation; CSD2007-00012 (Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme), SEJ2007-65929/PSIC and PSI2010-20168 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education; the Dávalos Foundation Grant and P1·1A2010-07 from Bancaixa