Evaluation of mutagenic/antimutagenic activity of conjugated linoleic acid in mice by micronucleus test

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are positional and geometrical isomers of linoleic acid and some researchers have shown biological activities including modulation of lipid metabolism, atherogenesis, diabetes, and immune functions. In this study, the animals were supplemented with 2% of the average feed consumption with CLA (G1 = positive control) and safflower oil (G2 = negative control) and the test groups were supplemented with CLA at the concentration of 2 and 4% of the average feed consumption. To assess the CLA potential protective effect, two groups were used; G3 = CLA 2% + cyclophosphamide (CP) and G5 = CLA 4% + CP. To assess the mutagenic effects of CLA, two groups were used; G4 = CLA 2% + NaCl 0.9% and G6 = CLA 4% + NaCl 0.9%. In order to investigate the mutagenic/antimutagenic effects of CLA, micronucleus test was used. The results showed variation of feed consumption in the groups that received 4% of CLA, when compared to the control group (G1 and G2) and CLA groups (G3 and G4) (p<0.05), during the period studied. It was observed that CLA did not show mutagenic effect at the concentrations tested (2 and 4%). Also, CLA showed antimutagenic effect at the same concentrations. However, the animals that received 4% of CLA, presented clinical signs of malnutrition.Key words: Conjugated linoleic acid, antimutagenicity, cyclophosphamide

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4 (62.3 (55.1�70.8) million) to 6.4 (58.3 (47.6�70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization�s Global Nutrition Target of <5 in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2 (30 (22.8�38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0 (55.5 (44.8�67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic. © 2020, The Author(s)

Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s)

Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s)

Trajetória da política de atenção básica à saúde no Distrito Federal, Brasil (1960 a 2007): análise a partir do marco teórico do neo-institucionalismo histórico A history of primary health care policy in the Federal District, Brazil (1960-2007): an analysis based on the theoretical framework of historical neo-institutionalism

Este artigo analisa a trajetória da política de atenção básica à saúde no Distrito Federal, Brasil, a partir do marco teórico do neo-institucionalismo histórico, identificando as conformações e as tendências predominantes nas gestões da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde (SES-DF) no período de 1960 a 2007. O estudo sinaliza que a política de saúde do Distrito Federal apresenta características de dependência da trajetória dos planos de saúde originais na definição de prioridades e metas, bem como na implementação do sistema de saúde. Essa influência, agregada à centralização dos processos decisórios e à limitada participação política, pode contribuir para situar a atenção básica como acessória ao atendimento hospitalar, destituindo-a do seu potencial de produzir mudança no modelo assistencial.<br>This article analyzes the history of primary health care policy in the Federal District, Brazil, based on the theoretical framework of historical neo-institutionalism, identifying the predominant configurations and trends in the various administrations of the State Health Secretariat (SES-DF) from 1960 to 2007. The study indicates that the characteristics of the Federal District's health policy are dependent on the history of the original health system plans for setting priorities and goals, as well as for the health system's implementation. This influence, in addition to the centralization of decision-making processes and limited political participation, can contribute to making primary care ancillary to hospital care, thus jeopardizing its potential to produce change in the health care model

Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s)