A construção de um discurso de alteridade e o papel social do design por meio da disciplina “O Design Posto em Questão”

The following paper aims to show the social impact that the course Design Called Into Question, given at the Design Graduate Program at the School of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of São Paulo (FAU-USP) by PhD Professor Maria Cecilia Loschiavo dos Santos, has raised in the development of Master and PhD researches and also in research projects that aim to participate at the selection process of the graduate program, through the construction of an alterity perspective and concerning the relevance given into the social role of design, during discussions and debates in class. This paper, written by students that attended this course in the past, and which had developed their own research projects in the graduate program of design, intends to discuss the selected bibliography, with mention to seminars and debates that took place in class, to demonstrate how this course has been helping to recognize the social role of design in different research topics, by deconstructing, at the same time, concepts and social issues related to this field, focusing the appreciation and recognition of the other, for whom it is intended the research.O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o impacto social que a disciplina O Design Posto em Questão, ministrada pela Professora Dra. Maria Cecilia Loschiavo dos Santos no curso de pós-graduação em Design da FAU-USP, tem provocado no desenvolvimento de pesquisas de mestrado e doutorado e em projetos de pesquisa que visam o processo seletivo de pós-graduação − por meio da construção de uma perspectiva de alteridade e de relevância dada ao papel social do design −, durante as discussões e debates realizados em sala. Este artigo, escrito por alunos que participaram da disciplina, e que recentemente defenderam suas pesquisas de mestrado na área de Design e Arquitetura, pretende abordar a bibliografia selecionada para leitura, com menção a alguns seminários e debates ocorridos em aula, a fim de demonstrar como o curso tem auxiliado no reconhecimento do papel social do design em pesquisas de diferentes temas, desconstruindo, ao mesmo tempo, conceitos e questões sociais relativas a este campo do conhecimento, em busca de um olhar de valorização e recognição sobre o outro, para quem se destina a pesquisa. &nbsp

Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses sensitivity assessment in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats

SummaryCisplatin (cis-diamminedicloroplatinum) is an antineoplastic drug used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, especially head-and-neck cancer. Its ototoxicity, however, has been noted as a common side-effect which limits its use and causes significant morbidity.Aimto assess distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) sensitivity to detect secondary ototoxicity caused by different doses and means of administration of cisplatin in rats.Study DesignExperimental.Materials and MethodsMale Wistar rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 24 mg/kg cisplatin, divided into three equal doses (8mg/kg) or a single i.p. injection of 16 mg/kg. The animals were evaluated by distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) or brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) on the 3rd and 4th days after the cisplatin injection.ResultsTreatment with cisplatin 24 mg/kg resulted in significant DPOAE decrease and it raised the BERA electrophysiological threshold. The 16mg/kg dose could not significantly reduce the DPOAE amplitude, but it raised the animals' hearing thresholds – detected by the BERA.ConclusionIn rats, BERA was more sensitivity than DPOAE at detecting cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats considering different doses and means of administration

Study on the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Federal District

O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar a leishmaniose tegumentar em pacientes do Distrito Federal, investigar infecção subclínica nos moradores das localidades dos pacientes e identificar as espécies de flebotomíneos e leishmanias. Foram selecionados pacientes atendidos no Hospital Universitário de Brasília de agosto de 2006 a junho de 2007. Parentes e vizinhos dos mesmos foram submetidos à intradermorreação de Montenegro e imunofluorescência indireta. Foram capturados flebotomíneos nas localidades de origem dos pacientes e identificados quanto às espécies, bem como foram identificadas as espécies de leishmanias encontradas nos pacientes. Foram registrados 10 casos autóctones de leishmaniose tegumentar. Em 32 moradores, foi realizada intradermorreação, com positividade de 71,8%. Trinta e sete imunofluorescências realizadas foram negativas. Foram capturadas Lutzomyia whitmani, inclusive no domicílio/peridomicílio e Lutzomyia flaviscutellata. O percentual de positividade das intradermorreações de Montenegro sugere infecção subclínica dos moradores. A captura do vetor Lutzomyia whitmani no peri/intradomicílio sugere transmissão peri/intradomicíliar. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to characterize cutaneous leishmaniasis in patients from the Federal District, investigate subclinical infection in people living in the same localities as patients and identify the species of Phlebotomus and Leishmania. Patients attended at the University Hospital of Brasília between August 2006 and June 2007 were selected. Relatives and neighbors of the patients underwent the Montenegro intradermal test and indirect immunofluorescence. Phlebotomines were caught at the localities where the patients came from and their species were identified. The species of Leishmania in the patients were also identified. Ten autochthonous cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded. The intradermal test was done on 32 local residents and 71.8% were positive. Immunofluorescence was performed on 37 individuals and all of them were negative. Lutzomyia whitmani was caught, including in domestic/peridomestic areas, along with Lutzomyia flaviscutellata. The percentage of positive Montenegro intradermal tests suggests that the local residents had subclinical infection. Capture of the vector Lutzomyia whitmani in domestic/peridomestic areas suggests that domestic/peridomestic transmission was occurring

Hiperplasia epitelial focal: relato de caso clínico

Introduction: Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) or Heck's disease is characterized as a rare benign lesion of the oral mucosa. It is usually associated with proliferation of the squamous epithelium, mainly attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes 13 and 32. Objective: To report the case of a patient with a diagnostic suspicion of HEF, to describe its oral clinical and histopathological manifestations. Methodology: Male, 38 years old, black, attended the University Service with a complaint of burning in the oral mucosa. On clinical examination, she presented multiple papular lesions, firm to palpation, pink in color, with agglomerated or isolated papules, located in the alveolar ridge, inserted gingiva free from the upper and lower arch, jugal and labial mucosa, compatible with lesions caused by HPV. An incisional biopsy of the oral lesions was performed, the histopathological report described the fragment of oral mucosa that was lined with parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with prominent acanthosis, focal projections confluent to the connective tissue, confirming the clinical diagnostic suspicion. Conclusion: FEH is a rare, benign mucosal pathology, painless and can resolve spontaneously. Therefore, proper diagnosis through biopsy and histopathological report is necessary.Introdução: a hiperplasia epitelial focal (HEF) ou doença de Heck, caracteriza-se por ser uma lesão benigna rara da mucosa bucal. Geralmente, está associada a proliferação do epitélio pavimentoso atribuída principalmente ao papiloma vírus humano (HPV) dos subtipos 13 e 32. Objetivo: relatar o caso de um paciente, com suspeita diagnóstica de HEF, descrever suas manifestações clínicas bucais e histopatológicas. Metodologia: homem, 38 anos, melanoderma, compareceu no Serviço Universitário com queixa de ardência em mucosa bucal. Ao exame clínico, apresentava múltiplas lesões papulares, firmes à palpação, de coloração rósea, com pápulas aglomeradas ou isoladas, localizadas em rebordo alveolares, gengiva inserida e livre da arcada superior e inferior, mucosas jugais e labiais, compatíveis com lesões causadas por HPV. Realizou-se biópsia incisional das lesões bucais, o laudo histopatológico descreveu o fragmento de mucosa bucal que estava revestida por epitélio pavimentoso estratificado paraceratinizado com acantose proeminente, projeções focais confluentes para o tecido conjuntivo, confirmando a suspeita diagnóstica clínica. Conclusão: a HEF é uma patologia rara, benigna da mucosa, indolor e que pode se resolver espontaneamente. Portanto, é necessário o diagnóstico adequado através da biopsia e laudo histopatológico

Venous ulcer in lower extremities

The lower limbs chronic venous ulcers are extremely stressful for patients and their families due to the physical limitation and the need of special care caused by that disease, which is responsible for the decrease of their life quality and productivity. Despite being a common problem in health care units, venous ulcers do not have adequate treatment in most of these specialized services mainly because of the ignorance of pathophysiology and therapists. Among the complex therapeutic measures described in the literature, prevention and early diagnosis are the primary steps of a proper treatment; minimizing, thus, the physical and psychological consequences brought to lower limb ulcerationsA úlcera venosa crônica de membros inferiores é extremamente desgastante para o paciente e familiares, deteriorando a qualidade de vida e a produtividade das pessoas. Apesar de ser um problema comum nas unidades de saúde, as úlceras venosas não possuem tratamento adequado na maioria dos serviços devido principalmente ao desconhecimento de sua fisiopatologia e dos métodos terapêticos. Entre as medidas terapêuticas complexas descrita na literatura, a prevenção e o diagnóstico precoce são as etapas primordiais para o tratamento adequado desses pacientes, minimizando as sequelas físicas e psicológicas de uma lesão ulcerada em membros inferiore

Biofeedback eletromiográfico e parâmetros da dinamometria isocinética de joelho e tornozelo de jogadores de futebol amador

Electromyography has been used to evaluate the voluntary control of muscular activity. One of the highlights among the techniques is electromyography biofeedback (EMGBio), which works as a facilitator of neuromotor development, including playing sports. Objective: To analyze the effect of EMGBio within the isokinetic parameters of knee flexion and extension and ankle inversion and eversion in amateur soccer players. Subjects: Two randomized groups of fourteen male amateur soccer players: Training group (TG) – seven athletes, with an age of 23 ± 2 (22 and 28) years old, body mass 75.7kg ± 4.0kg (72 and 80), height 182cm ± 4cm (176 and 188) and Control Group (CG) – seven athletes, with an age of 24 ± 2 (21 and 28) years old, body mass 72.3kg ± 9.4kg (59 and 79), height 175cm ± 5cm (169 and 180). Methods: all athletes were evaluated by a clinical protocol: anamnesis, occurrence of injuries and visual analogue scale of pain and were subjected to knee flexion and extension and ankle inversion and eversion isokinetic dynamometry. The training group had twelve sessions of EMGBio once a week. At the end of the sessions, all athletes were revaluated. Results: At a velocity of 30 deg/s, the ankle eversion peak torque of 0.18 seconds (PT of 0.18s) was higher in the training group and at a velocity of 60 deg/s, the knee flexion PT of 0.18s was higher in the training group. Conclusion: Electromyographic biofeedback improved the isokinetic parameters of the amateur soccer players.A eletromiografia tem sido utilizada para avaliar o con- trole voluntário da atividade muscular. Dentre as técnicas destaca-se o biofeedback eletromiográfico como facilitador do aprendizado neuromotor, inclusive na prática esportiva. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito do biofeedback eletromiográfico nos parâmetros isocinéticos dos fle- xores e extensores do joelho e inversores e eversores do tornozelo em jogadores de futebol amador. Casuística: 14 atletas de futebol amador do gênero masculino randomizados em dois grupos: Gru- po Treino (GT) - sete atletas, idade de 23 ± 2 (22 e 28) anos, massa corpórea 75,7 ± 4,0(72 e 80) kg , estatura 182 ± 4 (176 e 188) cm e Grupo Controle (GC) - sete atletas com idade 24 ± 2 (21 e 28) anos, massa corpórea 72,3± 9,4 (59 e 79) kg, estatura 175± 5 (169 e 180) cm. Método: Todos os atletas foram avaliados por um protocolo clínico: anamnese, incidência de lesões e escala visual análoga de dor e foram submetidos à dinamometria isocinética dos inversores e eversores do tornozelo e flexores e extensores do joelho. O GT realizou 12 sessões de biofeedback eletromiográfico, uma vez por semana. No final das sessões, todos os atletas foram reavaliados. Resultados: Na velocidade de 30º/ seg., o pico de torque 0,18 segundos (PT 0,18s) dos eversores do tornozelo foi maior no GT e no joelho, na velocidade de 60º/seg. o PT 0,18s dos flexores de joelho foram maiores no GT. Conclusão: O biofeedback eletromiográfico melhorou os parâmetros isocinéticos dos jogadores de futebol amador

The Schistosoma mansoni cyclophilin A epitope 107-121 induces a protective immune response against schistosomiasis

Great efforts have been made to identify promising antigens and vaccine formulations against schistosomiasis. Among the previously described Schistosoma vaccine candidates, cyclophilins comprise an interesting antigen that could be used for vaccine formulations. Cyclophilin A is the target for the cyclosporine A, a drug with schistosomicide activity, and its orthologue from Schistosoma japonicum induces a protective immune response in mice. Although Schistosoma mansoni cyclophilin A also represents a promising target for anti-schistosome vaccines, its potential to induce protection has not been evaluated. In this study, we characterized the cyclophilin A (SmCyp), initially described as Smp17.7, analyzed its allergenic potential using in vitro functional assays, and evaluated its ability to induce protection in mice when administered as an antigen using different vaccine formulations and strategies. Results indicated that SmCyp could be successfully expressed by mammalian cells and bacteria. The recombinant protein did not promote IgE-reporter system activation in vitro, demonstrating its probable safety for use in vaccine formulations. T and B-cell epitopes were predicted in the SmCyp sequence, with two of them located within the active isomerase site. The most immunogenic antigen, SmCyp (107–121), was then used for immunization protocols. Immunization with the SmCyp gene or protein failed to reduce parasite burden but induced an immune response that modulated the granuloma area. In contrast, immunization with the synthetic peptide SmCyp (107–121) significantly reduced worm burden (48–50%) in comparison to control group, but did not regulate liver pathology. Moreover, the protection observed in mice immunized with the synthetic peptide was associated with the significant production of antibodies against the SmCyp (107–121) epitope. Therefore, in this study, we identified an epitope within the SmCyp sequence that induces a protective immune response against the parasite, thus representing a promising antigen that could be used for vaccine formulation against schistosomiasis