476 research outputs found

    Práticas no campo educacional: o que dizem as pesquisas

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    Considering the polysemy that the term practice invokes and its manifestations in the educational field, the objective was to investigate the main concepts and highlight the contexts related to this theme in teacher training and in relation to science teaching. A systematic review was carried out with searches in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of CAPES, in a time frame between the years 2010 to 2021. It appears that the works present the concept of practice as an important approach that promotes the effectiveness of educational practice and pedagogical. And, there is a low amount of scientific production on the subject in relation to teacher training in pedagogy and science teaching courses.Considerando la polisemia que invoca el término práctica y sus manifestaciones en el campo educativo, el objetivo fue investigar los principales conceptos y resaltar los contextos relacionados con este tema en la formación de profesores y en relación a la enseñanza de las ciencias. Se realizó una revisión sistemática con búsquedas en el Catálogo de Tesis y Disertaciones de la CAPES, en un marco temporal entre los años 2010 a 2021. Se evidencia que los trabajos presentan el concepto de práctica como un enfoque importante que promueve la efectividad de la práctica educativa y pedagógico. Y, existe una escasa producción científica sobre el tema en relación a la formación docente en cursos de pedagogía y enseñanza de las ciencias.Considerando a polissemia que o termo prática invoca e suas manifestações no campo educacional, objetivou-se investigar os principais conceitos e evidenciar os contextos relacionados a esse tema na formação docente e no que tange ao ensino de Ciências. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com buscas no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES, num recorte temporal compreendido entre os anos de 2010 a 2021. Tem-se que os trabalhos apresentam a concepção de prática como uma importante abordagem que promove a eficácia do fazer educativo e pedagógico. Nota-se uma reduzida produção científica sobre o tema em relação à formação docente nos cursos de Pedagogia e de Ensino de Ciências

    Investigation of the presence of bioactive, phenolic and mineral compounds in foods analogous to the cheese based on baru almonds for the public vegan

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    In order to broaden the knowledge about the functional potential of baru almond in new vegan products, the present study sought to perform a chromatographic and spectrophotometric characterization of the presence of bioactive compounds, profile of phenolic compounds, physicochemical composition and minerals composition, of the sensorial profile and microbiological characteristics of foods analogous to the cheese based on baru almonds with different types of food condiments. Two formulations of vegetable food analogous to the baru almond based cheese were developed, differing only by the raw materials used for seasoning (AV1 - with pepperoni and oregano, and AV2 - with onion and garlic). Among the main results, Ten types of phenolic compounds were found, among them the presence of gallic acid, and the rutin, in addition, they showed high index of dietary fibers, lipids, calcium, iron, zinc and suitable characteristics microbiological and sensory in AV1 and AV2. Thus, it is understood that it is possible to develop cheese-type products using only vegetable ingredients, with base ingredients such as baru almonds

    Musculação e condicionamento aeróbio na performance funcional de hemiplégicos crônicos

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    The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional performance of chronic stroke patients, when submitted to a program of muscular strengthening, using exercise machines associated with aerobic conditioning. Thirty patients were recruited in the community according to the inclusion criteria and submitted to an established training program three times a week, for 10 weeks. The patients were assessed before and after training in the following functional parameters: gait speed, rate of stairclimbing, endurance (maximum gait speed e physiologic cost index), and symmetry in the sit to standing movement. Descriptive statistics and testes for normality (Shapiro-Wilk) were used for all outcome variables. Paired Student t-tests were used to investigate the impact of the training. Significant improvements (p <0,001) were observed for gait speed, rate of stair climbing, and maximum gait speed. No differences were found for the symmetry values and for the physiologic cost index. The findings demonstrated significant gains in functional performance measures after 10 weeks of a combined program of muscle strengthening and aerobic conditioning.O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a performance funcional em indivíduos hemiplégicos crônicos, quando submetidos a um programa de fortalecimento muscular, utilizando a musculação e condicionamentoaeróbio. Trinta pacientes foram recrutados na comunidade obedecendo aos critérios de inclusão, e submetidos ao programa de treinamento pré-estabelecido, três vezes por semana, durante 10 semanas. Os pacientes foram avaliados antes e após o treinamento nos seguintes parâmetros funcionais: velocidade de marcha, habilidade para subir escadas, endurance (velocidade máxima e índice de custo fisiológico) e simetria no sentar e levantar. Estatísticas descritivas e testes de normalidade (Shapiro-Wilk) foram utilizadas para todas as variáveis. Testes-t de Student para dados emparelhados foram utilizados para investigar o impacto do treinamento. Melhoras significativas (p<0,001) foram observadas na velocidade de marcha, habilidade para subir escadas e velocidade máxima. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas medidas de simetria e índice de custo fisiológico. Os achados demonstraram melhoras significativas nas medidas de performance funcional, após 10 semanas de treinamento, associando musculação e condicionamento aeróbio

    Ticks and fleas in crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) of Pernambuco state, Brazil

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    This study aimed to identify the species of fleas and ticks of Cerdocyon thous from the state of Pernambuco. Animals (n = 20) were examined, with 30% (6/20) ectoparasitized. Fleas (n = 16) and ticks (n = 17) parasitizing free-living crab-eating fox and captive in state of Pernambuco were collected. The fleas were identified as: Pulex irritans and Ctenocephalides felis; and the ticks were: Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and Amblyomma ovale. The presence of ectoparasites of domestic animals parasitizing C. thous, suggests a close contact of this species to the peridomicile. Furthermore, this is the first report of the occurrence of A. ovale in C. thous in northeastern Brazil. Objetivou-se identificar as espécies de pulgas e carrapatos de Cerdocyon thous provenientes do estado Pernambuco. Foram examinados 20 animais, estando 30% (6/20) ectoparasitados. Foram coletadas 16 pulgas e 17 carrapatos em cachorros-do-mato de vida livre e de cativeiro no estado de Pernambuco. As pulgas foram identificadas como: Pulex irritans e Ctenocephalides felis; e os carrapatos foram: Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato e Amblyomma ovale. A presença de ectoparasitos de animais domésticos parasitando C. thous, sugere a aproximação de indivíduos desta espécie ao peridomicílio. Além disso, este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de A. ovale em C. thous no nordeste brasileiro

    Prevalência de má oclusão em pré-escolares e fatores associados: Prevalence of malocclusion and risk factors associated in preschool children

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    Introduction: Malocclusion is an anomaly in the development of teeth and/or dental arches that can cause aesthetic discomfort, functional disorders and disabilities. objective: To know the prevalence of malocclusion, as well as potential risk factors in children up to five years of age who are assisted in Municipal Centers for Early Childhood Education (CMEI) in two Sanitary Districts of Salvador-Bahia. Materials and methods: Integrating a longitudinal research, a cross-sectional study was carried out, analyzing 1,048 children enrolled in day care centers in two Sanitary Districts in Salvador, Bahia. In the clinical examination, the presence or absence of malocclusion and according to the following conditions were evaluated: open bite, unilateral crossbite and bilateral crossbite. A questionnaire was used to obtain socioeconomic and demographic data on general health and behavioral aspects. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was 14.12%, with open bite 12.40%, unilateral crossbite 1.15% and bilateral crossbite 0.76%. The variables that showed a positive and statistically significant association with malocclusion were: artificial breastfeeding, period of artificial breastfeeding for more than 24 months, presence of sucking habits, digital sucking, use of conventional pacifier, use of orthodontic pacifier and prolonged time of use. sucking habit. A positive and statistically significant association also occurred with open bite and exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months, artificial breastfeeding, artificial breastfeeding for more than 24 months and the presence of sucking habits. Conclusion and recommendations: The presence of deleterious habits such as finger sucking, use of conventional pacifiers, orthodontic pacifiers and bottle feeding are possible risk factors for malocclusion. There was a positive association between open bite and the presence of sucking habits and artificial breastfeeding. It is expected to beable to contribute towards implementing preventive measures, identifying and reducing deleterious oral habits, in addition to other factors that may interfere with the occurrence of malocclusion.Introducción: La maloclusión es una anomalía en el desarrollo de los dientes y/o arcos dentarios que puede ocasionar molestias estéticas, trastornos funcionales y discapacidades. objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de la maloclusión, así como los posibles factores de riesgo en niños de hasta cinco años que son atendidos a los Centros Municipales de Educación Infantil (CMEI) en dos Distritos Sanitarios de Salvador-Bahia. Materiales y métodos: Integrando una investigación longitudinal, se realizó un estudio transversal, analizando 1.048 niños matriculados en guarderías en dos Distritos Sanitarios de Salvador, Bahía. En el examen clínico se evaluó la presencia o no de maloclusión y según las siguientes condiciones: mordida abierta, mordida cruzada unilateral y mordida cruzada bilateral. Se utilizó un cuestionario para obtener datos socioeconómicos y demográficos sobre aspectos generales de salud y comportamiento. Resultados: La prevalencia de maloclusión fue de 14,12%, con mordida abierta 12,40%, mordida cruzada unilateral 1,15% y mordida cruzada bilateral 0,76%. Las variables que mostraron asociación positiva y estadísticamente significativa con la maloclusión fueron: lactancia artificial, tiempo de lactancia artificial mayor a 24 meses, presencia de hábitos de succión, succión digital, uso de chupete convencional, uso de chupete ortodóncico y tiempo prolongado de uso. hábito de chupar. También se presentó asociación positiva y estadísticamente significativa con mordida abierta y lactancia materna exclusiva por menos de 6 meses, lactancia artificial, lactancia artificial por más de 24 meses y la presencia de hábitos de succión. Conclusión y recomendaciones: La presencia de hábitos deletéreos como chuparse los dedos, uso de chupetes convencionales, chupetes de ortodoncia y alimentación con biberón son posibles factores de riesgo para la maloclusión. Hubo una asociación positiva entre la mordida abierta y la presencia de hábitos de succión y lactancia artificial. Se espera poder contribuir a implementar medidas preventivas, identificando y reduciendo hábitos bucales deletéreos, además de otros factores que puedan interferir en la ocurrencia de maloclusión.Introdução: A má oclusão é uma anomalia do desenvolvimento dos dentes e/ou arcos dentários que pode ocasionar desconforto estético, agravos funcionais e incapacitações. objetivo: Conhecer a prevalência de má oclusão, assim como,potenciais fatores de risco em crianças até cinco anos de idade que frequentam Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil (CMEI) de dois Distritos Sanitários de Salvador - Bahia. Materiais e métodos: Integrando uma pesquisa longitudinal, foirealizado um estudo transversal, analisando 1.048 crianças matriculadas em creches de dois Distritos Sanitários de Salvador, Bahia. No exame clínico, foram avaliadas a presença ou ausência de má oclusão e de acordo com as seguintes condições: mordida aberta, mordida cruzada unilateral e mordida cruzada bilateral. Foi utilizado um questionário para obter dados socioeconômicos e demográficos sobre saúde geral e aspectos comportamentais. Resultados: A prevalência de má oclusão foi de 14,12%, sendo mordida aberta 12,40%, mordida cruzada unilateral 1,15% e mordida cruzada bilateral 0,76%. As variáveis que apresentaram associação positiva e estatisticamente significante com a má oclusão foram: amamentação artificial, período de amamentação artificial por mais de 24 meses, presença de hábitos de sucção, sucção digital, uso de chupeta convencional, uso de chupeta ortodôntica e tempo prolongado do hábito de sucção. A associação positiva e estatisticamente significante também ocorreu com a mordida aberta e período de amamentação exclusiva no seio por menos de 6 meses, amamentação artificial, período de amamentação artificial por mais de 24 meses e presença de hábitos de sucção. Conclusão e recomendações: A presença de hábitos deletérios como sucção digital, uso de chupeta convencional, chupeta ortodôntica e mamadeira são possíveis fatores de risco para a má oclusão. Houve uma associação positiva entre a mordida aberta e a presença de hábitos de sucção e amamentação artificial. Espera-se poder contribuir no sentido de implementar medidas preventivas, na identificação e redução de hábitos bucais deletérios, além de outros fatores que possam interferir na ocorrência da má oclusão

    Metabolizable energy values of diets supplemented with xylanase determined with laying hens

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    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of xylanase in diets with reduced energy level on the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen, determined with laying hens at 14, 36, 60 and 80 weeks of age. Four digestibility trials were conducted, using 80 Hy-line W36 laying hens aged 14, 36, 60 and 80 weeks of age. Birds were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (energy level x inclusion of xylanase), totaling four treatments with 10 replicates of two birds each. Treatments were: positive control (balanced diet for their age); positive control + xylanase; negative control (diet with reduction of 100 kcal/kg in the level of metabolizable energy); and negative control + xylanase. Xylanase, produced by microorganism Trichoderma reesei, was added to the diets at 100 g/t (16,000 BXU/kg) for diets fed at 14 weeks and 75 g/t for diets of 36, 60 and 80 weeks (12,000 BXU/kg). The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance at 5% probability. Supplementation of xylanase promoted higher values for AME (apparent metabolizable energy) and AME(n) (apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen) determined with 80-week-old laying hens, subjected to diet with energy level according to the nutritional requirements for their age. Supplementation of xylanase increases the matabolizability coefficient of the dietary crude protein and improves the nitrogen retention of laying hens at 14 weeks. In addition, xylanase associated with adequate levels of dietary energy promotes higher values for AME and AME(n) determined with laying hens at 80 weeks of age

    Microbial content recovered from diabetic foot infections: a cross-sectional study in Brazil / Conteúdo microbiano recuperado em infecções de pé diabético: um estudo transversal no Brasil

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    In Brazil, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is 11.9 million cases. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) increase morbidity and cause hospital admissions among DM patients. In an attempt to better understand DFU, this cross-sectional study investigated microbial content and their susceptibility to antimicrobials. Secretion from foot ulcers of 30 diabetic patients were obtained in three Brazilian hospitals and submitted to microbiological evaluation. All recovered strains were identified and submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Genetic diversity was investigated by PCR coupled with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). DFU exhibited a polymicrobial profile composed of 72.5% aerobic and 22.3% anaerobic bacteria, and 2.5% fungi species. A total of 91 microorganisms were isolated, and the number of recovered species per patient ranged from 1-9. Peptostreptococcus spp. was the most frequently recovered obligate anaerobic Genus and was resistant mostly to penicillin and clindamycin. A total of 37.5% S. aureus strains were methicillin resistant. E. coli were the most susceptible Gram-negative species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most resistant. The present study demonstrated that almost 34% of microbial species observed on DGGE gels were not cultivable. The recovery of multidrug resistant microorganisms pointed out to the need for more attention when prescribing an empirical therapy and emphasized the relevance of this study

    Propriedades físico-química e termofísicas do doce de leite pastoso com diferentes concentrações de liquor de cacau / Physical-chemical and thermophysical properties of sweet milk paste with different concentrations of cocoa liquor

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    O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar as propriedades físico-químicas e termofísicas do doce de leite pastoso com concentrações de 0 %, 2 %, 3 % e 4 % de liquor de cacau (Theobroma cacao L.). A caracterização do doce foi realizada determinando pH, acidez total, sólidos solúveis, lipídeos totais, proteína, umidade, carboidratos e cinzas. As propriedades termofísicas determinadas foram: massa específica e a difusividade térmica. A influência da temperatura também foi avaliada, sendo a faixa de 10 a 70 ºC, variando de 10 em 10 ºC. As amostras apresentaram heterogeneidade em relação aos conteúdos analisados. O teor de lipídios oscilou entre 6 % e 9 %, dentro do esperado em doces de leite (8 %), o teor de proteína foi superior ao mínimo (5 %), umidade abaixo de 30 % (valor máximo permitido) e cinzas entorno de 2 %, sendo que a adição de liquor de cacau resultou em uma maior elevação desse teor. No tocante as propriedades termofísicas, o modelo quadrático, tanto para temperatura quanto para concentração, teve bom ajuste aos dados experimentais referentes à massa específica. 

    High incidence of tuberculosis in patients treated for hepatitis C chronic infection

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    AbstractBrazil is one of the 22 countries that concentrates 80% of global tuberculosis cases concomitantly to a large number of hepatitis C carriers and some epidemiological risk scenarios are coincident for both diseases. We analyzed tuberculosis cases that occurred during α-interferon-based therapy for hepatitis C in reference centers in Brazil between 2001 and 2012 and reviewed their medical records. Eighteen tuberculosis cases were observed in patients submitted to hepatitis C α-interferon-based therapy. All patients were human immunodeficiency virus-negative. Nine patients (50%) had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis; 15 (83%) showed significant liver fibrosis. Hepatitis C treatment was discontinued in 12 patients (67%) due to tuberculosis reactivation and six (33%) had sustained virological response. The majority of patients had a favorable outcome but one died. Considering the evidences of α-IFN interference over the containment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the immune impairment of cirrhotic patients, the increase of tuberculosis case reports during hepatitis C treatment with atypical and severe presentations and the negative impact on sustained virological response, we think these are strong arguments for latent tuberculosis infection screening before starting α-interferon-based therapy for any indication and even to consider IFN-free regimens against hepatitis C when a patient tests positive for latent tuberculosis infection

    Correlação entre tempo no alvo e hemoglobina glicada de pessoas com diabetes mellitus: revisão sistemática

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    Objetivo: analisar a correlação entre o tempo no alvo e a hemoglobina glicada de pessoas que vivem com diabetes mellitus e realizam a monitorização contínua da glicemia ou a automonitorização da glicemia capilar. Método: revisão sistemática de etiologia e de risco pautada nas diretrizes do JBI e reportada conforme Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, abrangendo seis bases de dados e a literatura cinzenta. A amostra incluiu 16 estudos e a qualidade metodológica foi avaliada utilizando as ferramentas do JBI. Registrado protocolo no Open Science Framework, disponível em https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NKMZB. Resultados: tempo no alvo (70-180 mg/dl) apresentou correlação negativa com a hemoglobina glicada, enquanto o tempo acima do alvo (>180 mg/dl) mostrou correlação positiva. Os coeficientes de correlação variaram entre -0,310 e -0,869 para o tempo no alvo, e entre 0,66 e 0,934 para o tempo acima do alvo. Um estudo foi efetuado com população que realizava a automonitorização. Conclusão: há correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o tempo no alvo e o tempo acima do alvo com a hemoglobina glicada. Quanto maior a proporção na faixa glicêmica adequada, mais próxima ou inferior a 7% estará a hemoglobina glicada. São necessários mais estudos que avaliem essa métrica com dados da automonitorização da glicemia.Objetivo: analizar la correlación entre el tiempo en rango y la hemoglobina glicosilada de personas que viven con diabetes mellitus y realizan la monitorización continua de la glucemia o el automonitoreo de la glucemia capilar. Método: revisión sistemática de etiología y riesgo basada en las directrices del JBI e informada según los Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, abarcando seis bases de datos y la literatura gris. La muestra incluyó 16 estudios y la calidad metodológica fue evaluada utilizando las herramientas del JBI. Protocolo registrado en Open Science Framework, disponible en https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NKMZB. Resultados: tiempo en rango (70-180 mg/dl) mostró una correlación negativa con la hemoglobina glicosilada, mientras que el tiempo por encima del rango (>180 mg/dl) mostró una correlación positiva. Los coeficientes de correlación variaron entre -0,310 y -0,869 para el tiempo en rango, y entre 0,66 y 0,934 para el tiempo por encima del rango. Un estudio se realizó en una población que hacía el automonitoreo. Conclusión: hay una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el tiempo en rango y el tiempo por encima del rango con la hemoglobina glicosilada. Cuanto mayor sea la proporción en el rango glucémico adecuado, más cerca o por debajo del 7% estará la hemoglobina glicosilada. Se necesitan más estudios que evalúen esta métrica con datos del automonitoreo de la glucemia.Objective: to analyze the correlation between time on target and glycated hemoglobin in people living with diabetes mellitus and carrying out continuous blood glucose monitoring or self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose. Method: systematic review of etiology and risk based on JBI guidelines and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses, covering six databases and grey literature. The sample included 16 studies and methodological quality was assessed using JBI tools. Protocol registered in the Open Science Framework, available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NKMZB. Results: time on target (70-180 mg/dl) showed a negative correlation with glycated hemoglobin, while time above target (>180 mg/dl) showed a positive correlation. Correlation coefficients ranged between -0.310 and -0.869 for time on target, and between 0.66 and 0.934 for time above target. A study was carried out on a population that performed self-monitoring. Conclusion: there is a statistically significant correlation between time on target and time above target with glycated hemoglobin. The higher the proportion in the adequate glycemic range, the closer to or less than 7% the glycated hemoglobin will be. More studies are needed to evaluate this metric with data from self-monitoring of blood glucose
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