Primeira ocorrência de Burmeisterella (Trilobita, Homalonotidae) do Devoniano do Brasil (Bacia do Parecis) com a descrição de uma espécie nova

A homalonotid trilobite from the Early Devonian (latest Lochkovian?- Pragian) of the Parecis Basin of Brazil is referred to the genus Burmeisterella, and represents the first occurrence of this genus in South America. A new species is described, Burmeisterella braziliensis n.sp. This form is associated with calmoniid trilobites (Metacryphaeus australis (Clarke, 1913) and Calmonia? triacantha Carvalho Edgecombe, 1991) and other fossils characteristic of the Malvinokaffric assemblage, many of which also occur in the lower Ponta Grossa Formation (Pragian-Emsian) of the Paraná Basin. Apart from a possible occurrence of Burmeisterella in South Africa, the genus is otherwise known only from the Old World province (e.g. England, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Algeria).Um trilobita homalonótide do Eodevoniano (Lochoviano sup.? - Praguiano) da Bacia dos Parecis, no Brasil, é atribuído ao gênero Burmeisterella e representa a primeira ocorrência deste gênero na América do Sul. Uma nova espécie é descrita, Burmeisterella braziliensis sp.n. Esta forma ocorre associada com trilobitas calmoniídeos (Metacryphaeus australis e Calmonia? triacantha) e outros fósseis característicos da assembléia Malvinocáfrica, muitos dos quais também ocorrem na seção inferior da Formação Ponta Grossa (Praguiano - Emsiano) da Bacia do Paraná. Além de uma possível ocorrência na África do Sul, Burmeisterella é conhecido somente na província do Velho Mundo (por ex., Inglaterra, Alemanha, Bélgica, Espanha, Algéria)

Dipleura dekayi.

8 pages : illustrations, map ; 26 cm.A large and almost complete dorsal exoskeleton of a homalonotid trilobite from the Middle Devonian of Colombia (Floresta Formation) is described and referred to Dipleura dekayi Green, 1832, confirming prior suggestions of biogeographical affinity between Colombia and the North Eastern Americas Realm during Devonian times

Análise de foraminíferos dos testemunhos da plataforma continental sul do Brasil

Resum

Middle-Devonian trilobites

15 p. : ill., map ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 14-15)

Normas percebidas por estudantes universitários de três carreiras, da área da saúde, sobre o uso de drogas entre seus pares

O presente estudo abordou alunos de segundo e terceiro anos de três cursos da área da saúde tendo como objetivos identificar a estimativa do uso de drogas por estudantes universitários (norma percebida), a frequência de uso na presente amostra (norma real), comparar as estimativas com a frequência e identificar condições nas quais as drogas são usadas. Os estudantes superestimaram o uso, por seus pares, de tabaco, maconha e cocaína, na vida e nos últimos 12 meses. O álcool foi exceção. A porcentagem de uso relatada pelos estudantes da amostra e a estimativa do uso por estudantes em geral foram muito próximas. As substâncias são mais consumidas em festas e na companhia de colegas da universidade. Os dados foram interpretados à luz da Teoria das Normas Sociais, da Atribuição de Causalidade e da Normalização.El presente estudio tuvo como participantes a los alumnos del segundo e tercero año de tres cursos académicos de la Salud; el objetivo fue identificar la estimativa del uso de drogas (norma percibida), la frecuencia del uso (norma real), comparar las estimativas con la frecuencia y las condiciones en las cuales se usan las drogas. Se encontró que los estudiantes sobreestimaron el uso de sus pares en lo que se refiere al uso de tabaco, marihuana y cocaína, en alguna vez en la vida y el los últimos 12 meses. El alcohol fue la excepción, ya que el porcentaje de uso y la estimativa estuvieron muy próximos. Las sustancias son consumidas con mayor frecuencia en fiestas y en compañía de sus pares universitarios. Los datos fueran interpretados según el marco la Teoría de las Normas Sociales, de la Atribución de Causalidad y de la Normalización.The present study interviewed second- and third-year students of three health courses to identify university students' estimates for drug use (perceived norm), the rate of drug use among the subjects (real norm); compare the estimates with the actual frequency; and identify in what conditions the drugs are used. Students overestimated their peers' use of tobacco, marijuana and cocaine in life and over the last 12 months. Alcohol was an exception. The rate values reported by sample students and the general estimated use were rather close. Drugs are usually consumed at parties and among friends from the university. Data analysis was performed in the light of the Social Norms Theory, Causal Attribution and Normalization

Association between levobupivacaine and pancuronium. Interference in neuromuscular transmission and blockade in rats

To evaluate the effects of levobupivacaine on neuromuscular transmission and neuromuscular blockade produced by pancuronium in vitro. METHODS: Thirty rats were distributed into groups (n = 5) according to the drug used alone or in combination: Group I - levobupivacaine (5 mu g.mL-(1)); Group II - pancuronium (2 mu g.mL(-1)); Group III - pancuronium (2 mu g.mL(-1)) + levobupivacaine (5 mu g.mL(-1)). The following parameters were evaluated: 1) amplitude of diaphragmatic response to indirect stimulation, before and 60 minutes after the addition of levobupivacaine and pancuronium alone, and after the addition of levobupivacaine combined with pancuronium; 2) membrane potentials (MP) and miniature endplate potentials (MEPP). RESULTS: Levobupivacaine alone did not alter the amplitude of muscle response and MP. In preparations previoulsy exposed to levobupivacaine, the block with pancuronium was significantly denser (90.2 +/- 15.2%), showing a significant difference (p=0.031) in comparison to the block produced by pancuronium alone (48.9% +/- 9.8%). There was a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of MEPPs. CONCLUSION: Levobupivacaine potentiated the neuromuscular blockade produced by pancuronium, confirming a presynaptic action by a decrease in miniature endplate potentials.To evaluate the effects of levobupivacaine on neuromuscular transmission and neuromuscular blockade produced by pancuronium in vitro. METHODS: Thirty rats were distributed into groups (n = 5) according to the drug used alone or in combination: Group I - l317486489SEM INFORMAÇÃOSEM INFORMAÇÃOTo evaluate the effects of levobupivacaine on neuromuscular transmission and neuromuscular blockade produced by pancuronium in vitro. METHODS: Thirty rats were distributed into groups (n = 5) according to the drug used alone or in combination: Group I -

Invasive bacterial disease trends and characterization of group B streptococcal isolates among young infants in southern Mozambique, 2001-2015

BACKGROUND: Maternal group B streptococcal (GBS) vaccines under development hold promise to prevent GBS disease in young infants. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest estimated disease burden, although data on incidence and circulating strains are limited. We described invasive bacterial disease (IBD) trends among infants <90 days in rural Mozambique during 2001-2015, with a focus on GBS epidemiology and strain characteristics. METHODS: Community-level birth and mortality data were obtained from Manhica's demographic surveillance system. IBD cases were captured through ongoing surveillance at Manhica district hospital. Stored GBS isolates from cases underwent serotyping by multiplex PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole genome sequencing. RESULTS: There were 437 IBD cases, including 57 GBS cases. Significant declines in overall IBD, neonatal mortality, and stillbirth rates were observed (P<0.0001), but not for GBS (P = 0.17). In 2015, GBS was the leading cause of young infant IBD (2.7 per 1,000 live births). Among 35 GBS isolates available for testing, 31 (88.6%) were highly related serotype III isolates within multilocus sequence types (STs) 17 (68.6%) or 109 (20.0%). All seven ST109 isolates (21.9%) had elevated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to penicillin (>/=0.12 mug/mL) associated with penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2x substitution G398A. Epidemiologic and molecular data suggest this is a well-established clone. CONCLUSION: A notable young infant GBS disease burden persisted despite improvements in overall maternal and neonatal health. We report an established strain with pbp2x point mutation, a first-step mutation associated with reduced penicillin susceptibility within a well-known virulent lineage in rural Mozambique. Our findings further underscores the need for non-antibiotic GBS prevention strategies

Evidence of presynaptic and postsynaptic action of local anesthetics in rats

PURPOSE: To assess the probable actions of ropivacaine, 50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine mixture (S75-R25) and levobupivacaine on neuromuscular transmission in vitro. METHODS: Thirty rats were distributed into groups (n=5) according to the drug used: ropivacaine, bupivacaine (S75-R25) and levobupivacaine. The concentration used for the three local anesthetics (LA) was 5 µg.mL.-1The following parameters were evaluated: 1) LA effects on membrane potential (MP) and miniature end plate potential (MEPP). A chick biventer cervicis preparation was also used to evaluate LA effects on the contracture response to acetylcholine. RESULTS: LA did not alter MP values and decreased the frequency and amplitude of MEPP. In a chick biventer cervicis preparation, bupivacaine (S75-R25) and levobupivacaine decreased the contracture response to acetylcholine with statistical significance, in comparison to ropivacaine. CONCLUSIONS: In the concentrations used, levobupivacaine and bupivacaine (S75-R25) exhibited presynaptic and postsynaptic actions evidenced by alterations in miniature end plate potentials and contracture response to acetylcholine. Ropivacaine only had a presynaptic action.77477

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on time series of maternal mortality ratio in Bahia, Brazil: analysis of period 2011-2020.

BACKGROUND: Most studies on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been conducted with adults and non-pregnant women. Thus, its impacts on maternal health are not yet fully established. This study aimed to verify the relationship between the maternal mortality ratio and the incidence of COVID-19 in the State of Bahia, Brazil, 2020. METHODS: This time-series study used publicly available information in Brazil, to obtain data on maternal deaths and live births in Bahia, State, from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020. The time trend of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) was analysed through polynomial regression, of order 6. Expected MMR, monthly (Jan-Dec) and annual values for 2020, were predicted by the additive Holt-Winters exponential smoothing algorithm, with 95% confidence interval, based on the time series of the MMR from 2011 to 2019, and the accuracy of the forecasts for 2020 was assessed by checking the smoothing coefficients and the mean errors. According to the statistical forecast, the MMR values ​​recorded in the year 2020 were compared to those expected. RESULTS: In 2020, the annual MMR in Bahia, Brazil, was 78.23/100,000 live births, 59.46% higher than the expected ratio (49.06 [95% CI 38.70-59.90]). The increase in maternal mortality ratio relative to expected values was observed throughout the 2020 months; however, only after May, when the COVID-19 epidemic rose sharply, it exceeded the upper limit of the 95% CI of the monthly prediction. Of the 144 registered maternal deaths in 2020, 19 (13.19%) had COVID-19 mentioned as the cause of death. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed the increase in maternal mortality, and its temporal relationship with the incidence of COVID-19, in Bahia, Brazil, in 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic may be directly and indirectly related to this increase, which needs to be investigated. An urgent public health action is needed to prevent and reduce maternal deaths during this pandemic, in Brazil

Experiência de parceria entre universidade e organismo internacional capacitando enfermeiros docentes da América Latina para investigação do fenômeno da droga

Este artigo trata-se de um relato de experiência de oferta de dois cursos de especialização: "Programa de capacitação em pesquisa para enfermeiros-docentes no estudo do fenômeno das drogas na América Latina" implantados de maneira colaborativa por duas instituições, uma de natureza pública e regional (Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo) e outra, uma organização internacional (CICAD); a primeira com atribuições técnico-científicas e a segunda responsável pelo apoio financeiro. Esse programa repetiu-se por dois anos consecutivos, em 2002 e 2003. O relato expõe dados sobre o processo de negociação e planejamento didático desde o primeiro curso, a distribuição de conteúdos e atividades, as experiências adquiridas no processo de ensino e as avaliações dos alunos. Segundo os participantes, (alunos, professores e instituições envolvidas) a iniciativa de oferecimento de cursos, em parte presencial e em parte a distância como os realizados, ser uma experiência bem sucedida com desdobramentos políticos, acadêmicos e sociais para todos os envolvidos.Este artículo trata de un relato de experiência de ofrecimiento de docentes de los cursos de especialización; a través del "Programa de capacitación en investigación para enfermeros en el estudio del fenomeno de las drogas en Latino America", planteados de manera colaborativa por dos instituciones, una de carater publico y regional (Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto de la Universidad de São Paulo) y otra, una organización internacional (Comisión Interamericana para el control del abuso de drogas - CICAD de la Organización de los Estados Americanos - OEA); la primera con atribuciones tecnico-científicas y la segunda responsable por el apoyo financiero. Ese programa se repitió por dos años consecutivos, en 2002 y 2003. El relato expone datos sobre el proceso de negociación y planeamiento didáctico desde el primer curso, la distribución de contenidos y actividades, las experiencias adquiridas en el proceso de enseñanza y las evaluaciones de los alumnos. Según los participantes (alumnos, profesores e instituciones involucradas) la iniciativa de ofrecimiento de cursos, parte presencial y parte a distancia como los realizados, se ha demostrado una experiencia exitosa con repercusiones políticas, academicas y sociales para todos los involucrados.This article reports on the experience of the specialization course called: Research training program for nurses to study the drugs pheonomenon in Latin America, which was offered by two institutions, one of which is local (University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing) while the other is an international organization (Interamerican drugs abuse control commission - CICAD of the Organization of American States - OAS). This program was offered consecutively in 2002 and 2003. The report discloses data on the negotation and didactical planning process for the first course, the distribution of contents and activities, experiences acquired during the teaching process and student evaluations. According to the participating students, teachers and institutions involved, offering partially in-class and partially distance courses, like the above mentioned program, has proved to be a successful experience with political, academic and social repercussions for the participants