Vulnerability trend related to HIV and HCV infections among FEBEM’s inmates evaluated in different periods 1994 to 1995 and 2000 to 2001

Este estudo faz uma abordagem da condição do menor infrator, internos da FEBEM (Fundação Estadual para o Bem Estar do Menor de São Paulo) e sua situação de risco sob diferentes prismas. Apóia-se em dois estudos homogêneos desenvolvidos em momentos diferentes, onde avaliam a vulnerabilidade do menor infrator à infecção pelo HIV e HCV, nos períodos de 1994 a 1995 e 2000 a 2001.This study is focused on the frame of disadvantaged youth, under internment in FEBEM (Fundação Estadual para o Bem Estar do Menor de São Paulo) concerning the risk under different prism. It is supported by two homogenous studies that were developed in different periods. They evaluated the vulnerability of these subjects to HIV and HCV infections in the periods from 1994 to 1995 and from 2000 to 2001

Risky behavior regarding drug use and HIV infection: an Internet questionnaire coupled with short education texts for Portuguese speakers

Surveys of risky behavior relating to HIV/AIDS are generally made for groups at risk of infection, for which HIV/AIDS prevalence is usually expected to be higher than in the general population. Therefore, an educational homepage in Portuguese was created on the Internet to inform/ask internauts regarding knowledge and behavior. The internauts were classified as adolescents (13 to 25 years) and adults (>25 years). The number of STDs was reported as 1. 8 ± 2. 6 infections (range: 1 to 20 infections); 43% used condoms during sexual intercourse. Alcohol consumption was reported by 63% and illicit drug use by 32% (marijuana 24% and inhalants 15%). Among the adolescents, 31% did not classified alcohol as a drug. The adults more frequently reported homosexuality, anal intercourse and STDs, although the adolescents also presented high rates of risky behavior. These results show the need to reach out to internauts through better control strategies. Different types of strategies must be encouraged, in order to reach people that use this means of communication and entertainment

Neonatal Outcomes Of Late Preterm And Early Term Birth.

To compare neonatal deaths and complications in infants born at 34-36 weeks and six days (late preterm: LPT) with those born at term (37-41 weeks and six days); to compare deaths of early term (37-38 weeks) versus late term (39-41 weeks and six days) infants; to search for any temporal trend in LPT rate. A retrospective cohort study of live births was conducted in the Campinas State University, Brazil, from January 2004 to December 2010. Multiple pregnancies, malformations and congenital diseases were excluded. Control for confounders was performed. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. After exclusions, there were 17,988 births (1653 late preterm and 16,345 term infants). A higher mortality in LPT versus term was observed, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 5.29 (p<0.0001). Most complications were significantly associated with LPT births. There was a significant increase in LPT rate throughout the study period, but no significant trend in the rate of medically indicated deliveries. A higher mortality was observed in early term versus late term infants, with adjusted OR: 2.43 (p=0.038). LPT and early term infants have a significantly higher risk of death.179204-

Potential biases in the classification, analysis and interpretations in cross-sectional study: commentaries – surrounding the article "resting heart rate: its correlations and potential for screening metabolic dysfunctions in adolescents"

Abstract Background Resting heart rate reflects sympathetic nerve activity. A significant association between resting heart rate (HR) and all causes of cardiovascular mortality has been reported by some epidemiologic studies. Despite suggestive evidence, resting heart rate (RHR) has not been formally explored as a prognostic factor and potential therapeutic outcome and, therefore, is not generally accepted in adolescents. Discussion The core of the debate is the methodological aspects used in "Resting heart rate: its correlations and potential for screening metabolic dysfunctions in adolescents"; the points are: cutoff used for cluster RHR, two different statistical models used to analyze the same set of variables, one for continuous data, and another for categorical data; interpretation of p-value < 0.05, sampling process involving two random stages, analysis of design effect and the parameters of screening tests. Summary Aspects that must be taken into account for evaluation of a screening test to measure the potential for discrimination for a common variable (population with outcome vs. no outcome population), the main indicators are: sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The measures of argumentation equality (CI) or difference (p-valor) are important to validate these indicators but do not indicate quality of screening

Reliability and Validity Estimate of the Pro-Inflammatory/Anti-Inflammatory Food Intake Score in South American Pediatric Population: SAYCARE Study

Chronic low-grade inflammation may be associated with the development of chronic non-communicable diseases in young populations, often lasting to adulthood. Studies show that the diet is related to chronic inflammation. The Pro-inflammatory/Anti-inflammatory Food Intake Score (PAIFIS) is an indicator that measures the inflammatory potential of the diet, with the help of validated tools that assess food consumption. The validation of tools that assess inflammatory dietary patterns in young populations to produce valid and reliable results is essential to guide disease prevention strategies for adulthood. Methods: This study aimed to estimate the Pro-inflammatory/Anti-inflammatory Food Intake Score (PAIFIS) in children and adolescents in South America and to test its reliability and validity using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and an inflammatory biomarker. This work consists of a validation study in a sample of children and adolescents conducted in South America (SAYCARE Study). The habitual consumption of food contributing to calculating the PAIFIS was obtained through an FFQ and 24 h Dietary Recall (24HDR). Reliability was tested using the FFQ (FFQ1 × FFQ2), using Spearman’s correlation coefficient to estimate the agreement between measurements. The validity of the PAIFIS was tested using 24HDR and the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP) using Spearman’s correlation and multilevel linear regression. Results: For children and adolescents, pro- and anti-inflammatory food groups showed Spearman’s correlation coefficients ranging from 0.31 to 0.66, convergent validity ranging from 0.09 to 0.40, and criterion validity for a reliability range from −0.03 to 0.18. The PAIFIS showed Spearman’s correlation coefficients for reliability ranging from 0.61 to 0.69, convergent validity from 0.16 to 0.23, and criterion validity from −0.03 to 0.24. Conclusion: The PAIFIS showed acceptable reliability, weak convergent validity, and weak criterion validity in children and adolescents

Evaluation of the Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire and 24-Hour Dietary Recall to Assess Dietary Iron Intake in Children and Adolescents from the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental Study

Background: A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for South American children and adolescents was developed, but its validity for assessing dietary iron intake has not been evaluated. Objective: To evaluate the validity of the FFQ and 24-hour dietary recalls (24h-DR) for assessing dietary iron intake in children and adolescents. Design: The South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental study is a multicenter observational study, conducted in five South American cities: Buenos Aires (Argentina), Lima (Peru), Medellin (Colombia), Sao Paulo, and Teresina (Brazil). The FFQ assessed dietary intake over the previous 3 months, and the 24h-DR was completed three times (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) with a minimum 5-day interval between recalls. Blood samples were collected to assess serum iron, ferritin, and hemoglobin levels. Participants and setting: Data of 99 children (aged 3 to 10 years) and 50 adolescents (aged 11 to 17 years) from public and private schools were collected during 2015 to 2017. Main outcome measures: Dietary iron intake calculated from the FFQ (using the sum of daily iron intake in all food/food groups) and 24h-DR (mean of 3 days using the multiple source method). Statistical analyses performed: Dietary iron intake in relation to blood biomarkers were assessed using Spearman rank correlations adjusted for sex, age, and total energy intake, and the quadratic weighted κ coefficients for agreement. Results: Spearman correlations showed very good coefficients (range = 0.78 to 0.85) for the FFQ in both age groups; for the 24h-DR, the coefficients were weak in children and adolescents (range = 0.23 to 0.28). The agreement ranged from 59.9% to 72.9% for the FFQ and from 63.9% to 81.9% for the 24h-DR. Conclusion: The South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental study FFQ exhibited good validity to rank total dietary iron intake in children and adolescents, and as well as the 24h-DR, presented good strength of agreements when compared with serum iron and ferritin levels.Fil: Sadalla Collese, Tatiana. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: De Moraes, Augusto César F.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. University of Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Rendo Urteaga, Tara. Researcheronkologikoa Foundation; España. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: González Zapata, Laura I.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Gaitán Charry, Diego Alejandro. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Delgado, Carlos A.. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Perú. Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño; PerúFil: Berg, Gabriela Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Torres Leal, Francisco Leonardo. Universidade Federal do Piaui; BrasilFil: Carvalho, Heráclito B.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Leptin and adiposity as mediators on the association between early puberty and several biomarkers in European adolescents: the HELENA Study

[Background] Adolescents having early puberty (EP) are more likely to have obesity and increased cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers and atherosclerosis risk. We aimed to assess the indirect and mediated effects of leptin and adiposity on the relation between EP and cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in European adolescents[Methods] A sample of 511 adolescents with EP (12.5–17.5 years) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) cross-sectional study was studied. To assess whether leptin levels and adiposity mediate the relation between EP and several biomarkers, linear regression models for mediation analyses were performed.[Results] EP was positively associated with the atherogenic index (Ath-I) (β=0.174; 95%CI 0.029–0.265) and negatively associated with the C-reactive protein (CRP) (β=−0.284; 95%CI −0.542 to −0.028) in girls. These associations were fully mediated by leptin levels (9.5%) and adiposity (44%), respectively. Moreover, EP has indirect effects on the apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) levels through adiposity in girls (for body mass index [BMI], β=0.014; 95%CI 0.005–0.028, and for waist circumference [WC], β=0.011; 95%CI 0.003–0.024), and on ApoA-1 (β=0.012; 95%CI 0.004–0.025), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (β=−0.004; 95%CI −0.011 to −0.0004) and CRP (β=−0.265; 95%CI −0.819 to −0.047) through abdominal fat in boys.[Conclusions] Leptin levels and adiposity seem to play an important indirect and mediation role in the association between EP and cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in adolescents. Weight control should be recommended in order to control the impaired cardiometabolic and inflammatory status arising in early pubertal adolescents.The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study has taken place with the financial support of the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (Funder Id: 10.13039/100011103, contract FOOD-CT-2005-007034). This study was also supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Health: Maternal, Child Health and Development Network (number RD08/0072), grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education (EX-2008-0641) and the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (20090635). The study is also supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (JCI-2010-07055). The author Tara Rendo-Urteaga was given a post-doctoral scholarship from São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP (Funder Id: 10.13039/501100001807, proc. 2014/25233-0). Full Prof. Luis A. Moreno was given a scholarship of visiting professor from São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP (Funder Id: 10.13039/501100001807, proc. 2015/11406-3). Augusto César F. de Moraes is in receipt of a post-doctoral scholarship from the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq: proc. 313772/2014-2) and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP: Funder Id: 10.13039/501100001807, proc. 2014/13367-2 and 2015/14319-4). Heráclito Barbosa Carvalho is in receipt of a Research Grant from São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP: Funder Id: 10.13039/501100001807, proc. 2014/11468-6). The GENUD Research Group was cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (MICINN-FEDER).Peer reviewe