Ictiofauna Da Cachoeira De São Roberto E Peixes Do Baixo Rio Preto, Bacia Do Alto Rio Paraná, Brasil

Rheophilic environments typically houses fish species with specific ecological requirements. Thus, the suppression of these environments can lead to damaging impacts to local and regional fauna. In this work the ichthyofauna of the “Cachoeira de São Roberto” was inventoried, with a historical review of fish collected in the lower Preto River basin. The sampling sites included two reaches (named R1 and R2): R1 in the “Cachoeira de São Roberto” and R2 refers to two km upstream. The fishes were sampled bimonthly during one year (April 2013 to February 2014) using small and dip nets. Voucher specimens were catalogued in the Fish Collection of “Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica do Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, câmpus de São José do Rio Preto, SPˮ (DZSJRP). Historical records from lower Preto River basin were composed by fish species sampled downstream of spillway of the dam in the municipality of São José do Rio Preto, SP, using the database of fish collection of DZSJRP. The ichthyofauna of the sampled reaches was composed by 53 species, distributed in 16 families and seven orders. The greatest richness was found in the upstream site (R2) with the presence of Aphyocheirodon hemigrammus and Myleus tiete, two Brazilian threatened fish species. Chao index suggested the occurrence of 64 species for the inventoried reaches. Considering all portion of lower Preto River basin, including historical records, 69 species were found, four of these species have not described yet. The present study highlights the importance of inventories in rheophilic environments, which usually includes sensitive, threatened, and species with restricted distribution. Besides that, inventories can provide technical data to support decisions about potential environmental impacts helping with the management and conservation of fish fauna. © 2017, Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP. All rights reserved.17

BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN DOGS AND CATS UNDER DIFFERENT FEEDING DIETS

Foram determinados os parâmetros de bioquímica sanguínea em 50 cães e 25 gatos sadios submetidos a três regimes alimentares: ração comercial, comida caseira e alimentação mista (ração e caseira). Os cães e os gatos alimentados com regime misto apresentaram níveis sanguíneos elevados de glicose e de colesterol, sugerindo um consumo de alimentos calóricos acima dos requerimentos e um maior risco de obesidade. A ingestão de proteínas na alimentação caseira parece ser restrita, considerando-se as baixas concentrações de albumina e/ou uréia sanguíneas nos cães e nos gatos. Baixos teores de cálcio foram encontrados nos cães de alimentação não concentrada. Os gatos com alimentação caseira podem estar consumindo quantidades baixas de minerais revelado pelos menores teores sanguíneos de cálcio, fósforo e magnésio. Abstract The aim of the present work was to carry out a study on the variation of the blood chemistry constituents of dogs and cats subjected to different feeding diets. Blood samples from 50 healthy dogs and 25 cats were used to study the effect of feeding diets with commercial ration, homemade or mixed (concentrate and homemade) on their blood biochemical profile. Both, dogs and cats, fed with mixed rations showed higher glucose and cholesterol blood levels, which could be suggestive of a high caloric intake and a risk of obesity. Intake of proteins in animals with homemade feed seems to be low considering concentrations of plasma albumin and/or urea in dogs and cats. Low levels of calcium were found in dogs with non-concentrated feed. Cats with homemade feed could have low intake of minerals considering the lower levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium observed

Propolis Extract In Postharvest Conservation Of Solo Papaya Cv. 'golden'

The high perishability of papaya (Carica papaya L.) reduces the lifespan as well as limits marketing. Coating fruit is an alternative process to aid food preservation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of propolis extract coating on physicochemical characteristics of papaya stored at room temperature. Solo papayas cv. 'Golden' were randomly divided into five postharvest treatments: three forms of dip-coating (70% alcohol, hydroalcoholic extract of propolis at 2.5%, and hydroalcoholic extract of propolis at 5%) and two controls (one uncoated and one with refrigerated uncoated fruit). Each four days, weight loss, fruit firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/ TA ratio, and hydrogen potential (pH) were evaluated throughout 12 days of storage. A sensory analysis was performed on the fourth day of storage, being appraised by untrained tasters through acceptance testing. Refrigerated, 2.5% propolis, and 5% propolis treatments promoted the lowest weight losses. Flesh firmness of 5% propolis treatment was superior to that of control, alcohol, and 2.5% propolis treatments. Moreover, 5% propolis treatment achieved a great SS, differing only from alcohol treatment. Both TA and SS/TA had no variations among treatments, but along storage time. Flesh pH of refrigerated papaya showed significant differences in relation to other treatments. Also, refrigerated fruit presented chilling injury symptoms. Propolis-coated papaya showed sensory acceptability similar to those of the other treatments on the 4th day of storage. Therefore, propolis coating renders Solo papaya cv. 'Golden' a promising alternative to control fruit weight losses and firmness.3764039405

Economical decision making by Temnothorax albipennis ant colonies.

Contains fulltext : 144537.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Quantitative determinations and imaging in different structures of buried human bones from the XVIII-XIXth centuries by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence - Postmortem evaluation

In this work, a non-commercial triaxial geometry energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) setup and a benchtop mu-XRF system were used to identify postmortem contamination in buried bones. For two of the individuals, unusually high concentrations of Cu and Pb, but also Zn (in one individual) were observed. The pigments of the burial shroud coverings have been identified as the source of contamination.Accurate and precise quantitative results were obtained by nondestructive process using fundamental parameters method taking into account the matrix absorption effects.A total of 30 bones from 13 individuals, buried between the mid-XVlllth to early XIXth centuries, were analyzed to study the elemental composition and elemental distribution. The bones were collected from a church in Almada (Portugal), called Ermida do Espirito Santo, located near the Tagus River and at the sea neighbourhood.The triaxial geometry setup was used to quantify Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr and Pb of powder pressed bone pellets (n=9 for each bone). Cluster analysis was performed considering the elemental concentrations for the different bones. There was a clear association between some bones regarding Fe, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb content but not a categorization between cortical and trabecular bones. The elemental distribution of Cu, Zn and Pb were assessed by the benchtop p.-analysis, the M4 Tornado, based on a polycapillary system which provides multi-elemental 2D maps. The results showed that contamination was mostly on the surface of the bone confirming that it was related to the burial shroud covering the individuals

ANATOMIA DO FÍGADO E VIAS BILÍFERAS DO MUÇUÃ (Kinosternon scorpioides)

Twenty livers of adult muçua were analyzed. The samples were obtained through an authorization of IBAMA (license nº 006/02, process nº 0220120011113/2002/81). The animals were anesthetized with xilazine (1mg/Kg/IM) and ketamine (20mg/Kg/IM). After muscular relaxation, they were sacrificed by means of an injection of sodium thiopental at 2.5% in the lethal doses of 60mg/Kg/IV). The coelomatic cavity was opened and the liver dissected with the aid of a magnifying glass. In all the animals the liver was quite voluminous, brown, rectangular in shape, extending through the whole medium portion of the coelomatic cavity, covering the pancreas, duodenum and stomach. External fissures divided the liver in 5 lobes: right lateral and median; square; left lateral and caudate with a papillae process. The liver is maintained in its anatomical position by the pressing of the coelomatic viscera as well as by the following ligaments: hepatogastric (connecting to the stomach); hepatoduodenopancreatic (connecting to the duodenum and pancreas); hepatopulmonar (connecting to the lung); hepatocoelomatic (connecting to the ventral portion of the coelomatic cavity) and hepatopericardic (connecting to the pericardial bursa). In regard to the bile ducts, it is observed that branches originated from the hepatic lobes pull together forming the main right and left ducts, which, together with the cystic duct derived from the gall bladder vesicle, originate the bile duct. According to these observations we concluded that the liver of the muçua is similar to the domestic mammals regarding the shape, number, characterization and bile draining of the hepatic lobe and differs from the ones of the related species such as salamander, snakes and other reptiles.Foram pesquisados 20 fígados de muçuãs (Kinosternon scorpiodes) adultos obtidos mediante autorização do IBAMA (licença nº006/02 e processo nº 022012001113/2002-81). Os animais foram anestesiados com cloridrato de xilazina (1 mg/Kg/IM) e cloridrato de quetamina (20 mg/Kg/IM) e após relaxamento muscular, foram sacrificados através da aplicação de tiopental sódico a 2,5%, na dose letal de 60 mg/Kg/EV. Em seguida prosseguiu-se com a abertura da cavidade pleuroperitoneal e a dissecação do órgão, auxiliada por lupa. Em 100% dos animais estudados aquele órgão apresentase como um fígado bastante volumoso, de formato retangular, coloração marrom, se estendendo por toda a porção média da cavidade pleuroperitoneal, envolvendo o pâncreas, duodeno e o estômago. Apresenta-se dividido, por fissuras externas, em cinco lobos: lateral e medial direitos, quadrado, lateral esquerdo, e caudato, este com o processo papilar. O fígado encontra-se mantido na posição anatômica pela pressão das vísceras pleuroperitoneais e pelos ligamentos, quais sejam, hepatogástrico (ligandoo ao estômago), hepatoduodenopancreático (ligando-o ao duodeno e pâncreas), hepatopulmonar (ligando-o ao pulmão), hepatopleuroperitoneal (ligando-o à porção ventral da cavidade pleuroperitoneal) e hepatopericárdico (ligando-o ao saco pericárdico). Quanto às vias bilíferas, observa-se que são formadas por ramos oriundos dos lobos hepáticos, que se juntam formando os ductos principais direito e esquerdo, os quais, juntamente com o ducto cístico, oriundo da vesícula biliar, formam o ducto colédoco. De acordo com as observações realizadas sobre a morfologia externa, conclui-se que o fígado do muçuã assemelha-se ao dos principais mamíferos domésticos, no que se refere à forma, número, caracterização e drenagem biliar dos lobos hepáticos, diferindo, entretanto, do das espécies mais próximas, como as salamandras, cobras e outros répteis