Environmental Impacts of CO₂-EOR

The aim of this report is to identify the potential environmental impacts on the marine environment of offshore activities which are unique to CO2-EOR, or which may pose additional significant issues not encountered in normal oil and gas operations. These are therefore the potential incremental risks of offshore CO2-EOR in the UKCS.The aim of this report is to identify the potential environmental impacts on the marine environment of offshore activities which are unique to CO2-EOR, or which may pose additional significant issues not encountered in normal oil and gas operations. These are therefore the potential incremental risks of offshore CO2-EOR in the UKCS

Metal mobility during UK North Sea geological CO2 storage

AbstractOffshore storage of CO2 in the UK North Sea may lead to the production of reservoir fluids which have the potential to contain significant concentrations of contaminant metals, which could be of harm to the environment. Laboratory batch leaching experiments with CO2 at elevated temperatures, and sequential extraction analysis of reservoir materials have determined that metal concentrations in a selection of North Sea reservoir sandstones are low (parts per billion – parts per million), and that their mobility under weak acid leaching is also low. For the metals investigated, concentrations in waters produced as a consequence of CO2 storage are unlikely to exceed concentrations from current UK offshore oil and gas activities

Development of national consensus statements on food labelling interpretation and protein allocation in a low phenylalanine diet for PKU.

BACKGROUND In the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU), there was disparity between UK dietitians regarding interpretation of how different foods should be allocated in a low phenylalanine diet (allowed without measurement, not allowed, or allowed as part of phenylalanine exchanges). This led to variable advice being given to patients. METHODOLOGY In 2015, British Inherited Metabolic Disease Group (BIMDG) dietitians (n = 70) were sent a multiple-choice questionnaire on the interpretation of protein from food-labels and the allocation of different foods. Based on majority responses, 16 statements were developed. Over 18-months, using Delphi methodology, these statements were systematically reviewed and refined with a facilitator recording discussion until a clear majority was attained for each statement. In Phase 2 and 3 a further 7 statements were added. RESULTS The statements incorporated controversial dietary topics including: a practical 'scale' for guiding calculation of protein from food-labels; a general definition for exchange-free foods; and guidance for specific foods. Responses were divided into paediatric and adult groups. Initially, there was majority consensus (≥86%) by paediatric dietitians (n = 29) for 14 of 16 statements; a further 2 structured discussions were required for 2 statements, with a final majority consensus of 72% (n = 26/36) and 64% (n = 16/25). In adult practice, 75% of dietitians agreed with all initial statements for adult patients and 40% advocated separate maternal-PKU guidelines. In Phase 2, 5 of 6 statements were agreed by ≥76% of respondents with one statement requiring a further round of discussion resulting in 2 agreed statements with a consensus of ≥71% by dietitians in both paediatric and adult practice. In Phase 3 one statement was added to elaborate further on an initial statement, and this received 94% acceptance by respondents. Statements were endorsed by the UK National Society for PKU. CONCLUSIONS The BIMDG dietitians group have developed consensus dietetic statements that aim to harmonise dietary advice given to patients with PKU across the UK, but monitoring of statement adherence by health professionals and patients is required