A tractable model of buffer stock saving

We present a tractable model of the effects of nonfinancial risk on intertemporal choice. Our purpose is to provide a simple framework that can be adopted in fields like representative-agent macroeconomics, corporate finance, or political economy, where most modelers have chosen not to incorporate serious nonfinancial risk because available methods were too complex to yield transparent insights. Our model produces an intuitive analytical formula for target assets, and we show how to analyze transition dynamics using a familiar Ramsey-style phase diagram. Despite its starkness, our model captures most of the key implications of nonfinancial risk for intertemporal choice

Limits of the Regulatory State Idea: Science and the Cultural Constitution of Capitalist States

This paper is an empirically grounded theoretical critique of the idea of the "œregulatory state." The language of the"regulatory state" obscures the nature of the modern state as a constitutive "thing." The modern state is crucially constituted through the co-productions of science and government. It needs to be investigated in terms of its discursive, practiced, and material dimensions, its meanings, its agencies, and its formation as a material entity composed of land, people and built environment. This critique is needed because the idea of the regulatory state too often leaves implicit the notion that capitalism exists prior to the state, and is thus only "regulated" as such post-hoc. The methods used are those of historical sociological case based analytics, utilizing archival materials. The purpose is to challenge the taken-for-granted distinction between the state and capitalist social organization. The implications for further research are the need to delve deeper into the complex entanglements of state and society, and the ironic role that science as culture played in constructing both those concrete entanglements and the abstract bounded categories that obscure them

Love Your Neighbour: Evaluating the Creative Impulse of Armand Lemiez

This paper proposes an alternative perspective for evaluating the work of a community artist, Armand Lemiez. Evaluative categories often reflect the ethnocentric criteria of collectors representing both private and public interests, not the community in which the work was made. Classification is a cultural expression of the receiver's response to an object's aesthetic, it is not an inherent component of any object. Value, therefore, is an expression of a social aesthetic. Public and private representatives have evaluated the work of Armand Lemiez based on elite criteria derived from public expectations, governmental policy, and personal background. Community members, the folk, have their own criteria that are distinct, but no less relevant than those of elite interests. This paper is intended as an overview and introduction to the work of Armand Lemiez. The terms elite and folk are used in their most general sense in order to facilitate discussion. Résumé Cet article propose une perspective différente à l'évaluation de l'œuvre d'un artiste communautaire, Armand Lemiez. Les catégories d'évaluation reflètent souvent les critères ethnocentriques des collectionneurs qui représentent à la fois des intérêts publics et privés mais pas ceux de la collectivité dont l'œuvre est issue. La classification est une expression culturelle de la réponse d'une personne à l'esthétique d'une œuvre, elle n'est pas une composante inhérente d'un objet. Des représentants des secteurs publics et privés ont évalué l'œuvre d'Armand Lemiez en se basant sur des critères d'élite dérivant des attentes du secteur public, des politiques gouvernementales et de leur évolution personnelle. Les membres de la collectivité ont leurs propres critères distincts, mais tout aussi pertinents que ceux de l'élite. Dans cet article qui se veut un aperçu et une introduction à l'œuvre d'Armand Lemiez, l'auteur emploie les termes elite (élite) et folk (gens de la collectivité) dans leur sens le plus général afin de faciliter la discussion

The Meaning of the Term Trial within the Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure

The lack of a definition of a trial in the Federal Rules has not posed any serious problems. Unlike the Ohio procedural system, the Federal Rules do not employ the term trial to delineate any rights of parties involved in litigation. Thus, there is no pressing need for such a definition in the Federal Rules. Within the Ohio Rules, however, the word trial is frequently used to determine the rights of parties. The lack of a workable definition of a trial in the Ohio procedural system has therefore related problems not encountered in the federal courts. \u27The first section of this Note will attempt to lay down some general guidelines concerning the definition of a trial. The following section will concentrate on the commencement of trial as that term is used in the Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure. The final section will examine the problems which have arisen in connection with the motion for a new trial

Alien Registration- Carroll, Patrick (Houlton, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/35940/thumbnail.jp

Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management District: Can Environmental Impact Analysis Preserve Sustainable Development from the New Reach of the Supreme Court\u27s Exactions Jurisprudence?

The United States Supreme Court has raised the legal standard for a municipality to use land use exactions for sustainable development. Land use exactions frequent local government affairs and occur when a government demands a dedication of land or money in exchange for a municipal approval, such as a permit. Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management District found certain proposed government exactions for land use permits as “demands” on the applicant and required a “‘nexus\u27 and ‘rough proportionality’ between the property that the government demands and the social costs of the applicant\u27s proposal,” regardless of whether the exaction was a condition precedent or a condition subsequent. Even without incurring a “takings” for purposes of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, if government-imposed exactions are found to be “[e]xtortionate demand[s],” this would still “run afoul of the Takings Clause not because they take property but because they impermissibly burden the right not to have property taken without just compensation.” Thus, if there is no “essential nexus” and “rough proportionality,” the exaction is an actionable “unconstitutional condition.” After Koontz, this standard now applies even if an applicant has only been asked to make payments to improve public land. However, this comment argues that municipalities can use environmental impact review to shield themselves from the threat of uncertain, broad, and costly litigation during negotiations with developers. Part II of this paper discusses the import of municipal exactions to environmental stewardship and sustainable development. Part III provides an overview of the Unconstitutional Conditions Doctrine, which played a decisive role in the Koontz case. Part IV centers around the majority and dissenting opinions in Koontz, as well as the issues settled, and those now raised, by the Court\u27s ruling. Part V analyzes the New York State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA) and focuses on its procedural and substantive requirements. Comparative treatment is also given to the environmental review statutes in the States of California and Washington. Part VI concentrates on case illustrations that reveal how these statutes satisfy the Unconstitutional Conditions Doctrine, as extended by Koontz. This Part focuses chiefly on SEQRA, but also explores possible outcomes under its analogous state counterparts. Part VII concludes with potential ramifications for local environmental law and sustainable development

Moralizing Economics, Making the Social Scientific: From Political Economy to Social Economy in the Early NAPSS

As sociology and social history increasingly become reflexive, there has been growing interest in interrogating and debating their basic categories of analysis. This article contributes to this debate through a close empirical study of discourses of “the social” in the early transactions of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, particularly the association’s social economy section. “The social” was formed into a scientific category within social economy through its confrontation with the “dismal science” of political economy. Social economists insisted that all social relations were moral relations and had to be conceived and understood as such. The social only became fully scientific when it made the shift from being perceived as an empirical object of investigation to becoming a foundational explanatory category. This early contest to infuse the social with moral significance was far from being settled during the nineteenth century; rather, the question of the character of the relationship between the social and the moral has remained central to a social scientific debate that has only intensified in recent years.La sociologie et l’histoire sociale tendant de plus en plus à la réflexion, leurs catégories d’analyse fondamentales suscitent une interrogation et des discussions grandissantes. Le présent article alimente ce débat par une étude empirique serrée des discours sur le « social » dans les premiers travaux de la National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, en particulier la section d’économie sociale de l’association. On fait du « social » une catégorie scientifique de l’économie sociale par opposition à la « science lugubre » de l’économie politique. Les économistes sociaux affirmaient que toutes les relations sociales étaient des relations morales et devaient être comprises en ce sens. Le social n’est devenu pleinement scientifique que lorsqu’on a cessé de le percevoir comme un objet d’étude empirique pour le considérer comme une catégorie explicative fondamentale. On a loin d’avoir réglé cet affrontement précoce pour infuser le social d’un sens moral au XIXe siècle. Plutôt, la question de la nature de la relation entre le social et le moral est demeurée au coeur d’un débat socio-scientifique qui n’a fait que s’accentuer ces dernières années

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Irrigation Adoption Among Farmers in the Southeast

Irrigation adoption can improve the yield and frequency of use of crop land, therefore increasing the quality and output of irrigated farms. With the expectation of water shortages out West, as well as an increasing population in the U.S., there is a greater opportunity for farmers in the Southeast to supply agricultural products, such as food and fiber. The proportion of farmers who irrigate, the proportion of farmland that is irrigated, and irrigated land\u27s share of the area of farms that irrigate in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and the five-state region of the Southeast are used to describe the trends from 1997-2017. Additionally, I use a fixed effect logistic model to estimate the effects of demographic and economic variables that might influence the proportion of a county\u27s farmers who irrigate. All state and county data used in the descriptive and analytical sections were obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture, published in the respective year\u27s Census of Agriculture. Irrigation in the Southeast increased from 2012 to 2017 for all three proportions used. Further, in the county-level logistic model, the proportion of female farmers, the proportion of farmers whose primary occupation is not farming, the proportion of farmers over the age of 65, and the average farm\u27s dollar value of machinery assets all significantly affect the proportion of farmers who irrigate