Evaluación del comportamiento térmico de una edificación reemplazando el material de la envolvente por suelo-cemento

Los cerramientos de una edificación responden lentamente a cambios en la temperatura exterior produciendo variaciones graduales de la temperatura ambiente del interior afectando el nivel de confort de los ocupantes. Debido a ello, resulta necesario acondicionar la temperatura interior al rango de confort para lo cual se requiere del consumo de energía. En este estudio se evalúan las mejoras en la eficiencia energética de una edificación reemplazando el material de la envolvente por mampuestos de suelo cemento. Se realizan registros de temperatura y humedad en el ambiente y se efectúa un estudio energético. Las propiedades térmicas de los mampuestos son estudiadas en laboratorio generando los parámetros necesarios para modelar el flujo de calor a través de la envolvente. Los análisis se realizan a partir de balances térmicos del edificio, primero se evalúa el cerramiento original y luego el alternativo con mampuestos de suelo-cemento. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron cuantificar el ahorro energético que podría lograrse por la sustitución de la envolvente y demostrar, al mismo tiempo, que los mampuestos de suelo-cemento mejoran las condiciones de confort térmico de las edificaciones.Temperature of walls in building slowly change as a response of outside temperature changes. As a consequence of this temperature variation, the inner temperature of a building slowly changes affecting the comfort level of the occupants. Therefore, there is a need of modifying the inner temperature to reach values within the comfort range. This study evaluates the influence of changing conventional wall materials by soil-cement bricks on the energy efficiency in a building. Temperature and humidity measurements were performed inside and outside the building in order to perform a thermal balance. The thermal properties of the bricks were determined in laboratory. These results were used to model the heat flow through the external walls of the building. The thermal balance of the building was determined for walls made of conventional and soil-cement bricks. Obtained results allowed us to quantify the energy savings that could be achieved by replacing conventional by soilcement brick walls. Finally, the use of soil-cement bricks in external walls of buildings helps to improve the thermal comfort conditions.Tema 5: Arquitectura ambientalmente consciente.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Energía geotérmica de baja entalpía en suelos loéssicos: cálculo y diseño para caso de estudio

El objetivo de este trabajo es poner de manifiesto la utilización de la energía geotérmica de baja entalpía como una opción económica y ecológicamente amigable para la colaboración en la climatización de ambientes. Se realizan los cálculos y diseño en base a las características térmicas de los parámetros intervinientes, tanto del suelo y clima local como de los materiales de la envolvente de la construcción. Se determina, mediante balances térmicos realizados sobre un software libre BT6 creado por Dilasoft, el análisis energético y económico que produce la aplicación del sistema de geotermia de baja entalpía. Los resultados obtenidos son satisfactorios, ya que la implementación de este tipo de sistema presenta una solución económica y enérgicamente eficiente.The objective of this work is to highlight the use of low enthalpy geothermal energy as an economical and ecologically friendly option for collaboration in the air conditioning of environments. The calculations and design are made based on the thermal characteristics of the intervening parameters, both the soil and local climate and the materials of the construction envelope. It is determined, through thermal balances carried out on a BT6 free software created by Dilasoft, the energy, and economic analysis produced by the application of the low enthalpy geothermal system. The results obtained are satisfactory since the implementation of this type of system presents an economical and energetically efficient solution.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Energía geotérmica de baja entalpía en suelos loéssicos: cálculo y diseño para caso de estudio

El objetivo de este trabajo es poner de manifiesto la utilización de la energía geotérmica de baja entalpía como una opción económica y ecológicamente amigable para la colaboración en la climatización de ambientes. Se realizan los cálculos y diseño en base a las características térmicas de los parámetros intervinientes, tanto del suelo y clima local como de los materiales de la envolvente de la construcción. Se determina, mediante balances térmicos realizados sobre un software libre BT6 creado por Dilasoft, el análisis energético y económico que produce la aplicación del sistema de geotermia de baja entalpía. Los resultados obtenidos son satisfactorios, ya que la implementación de este tipo de sistema presenta una solución económica y enérgicamente eficiente.The objective of this work is to highlight the use of low enthalpy geothermal energy as an economical and ecologically friendly option for collaboration in the air conditioning of environments. The calculations and design are made based on the thermal characteristics of the intervening parameters, both the soil and local climate and the materials of the construction envelope. It is determined, through thermal balances carried out on a BT6 free software created by Dilasoft, the energy, and economic analysis produced by the application of the low enthalpy geothermal system. The results obtained are satisfactory since the implementation of this type of system presents an economical and energetically efficient solution.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden’s Star

Context.Teegarden’s Star is the brightest and one of the nearest ultra-cool dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. For its late spectral type (M7.0 V),the star shows relatively little activity and is a prime target for near-infrared radial velocity surveys such as CARMENES.Aims.As part of the CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, we obtained more than 200 radial-velocity measurements of Teegarden’sStar and analysed them for planetary signals.Methods.We find periodic variability in the radial velocities of Teegarden’s Star. We also studied photometric measurements to rule out stellarbrightness variations mimicking planetary signals.Results.We find evidence for two planet candidates, each with 1.1M⊕minimum mass, orbiting at periods of 4.91 and 11.4 d, respectively. Noevidence for planetary transits could be found in archival and follow-up photometry. Small photometric variability is suggestive of slow rotationand old age.Conclusions.The two planets are among the lowest-mass planets discovered so far, and they are the first Earth-mass planets around an ultra-cooldwarf for which the masses have been determined using radial velocities.We thank the referee Rodrigo Díaz for a careful review andhelpful comments. M.Z. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft under DFG RE 1664/12-1 and Research Unit FOR2544 “BluePlanets around Red Stars”, project no. RE 1664/14-1. CARMENES isan instrument for the Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán de Calar Alto(CAHA, Almería, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de InvestigacionesCientíficas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, LandessternwarteKönigstuhl, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astro-biología and Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán), with additional contribu-tions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundationthrough the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG ResearchUnit FOR2544 “Blue Planets around Red Stars”, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, thestates of Baden-Württemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucía.Based on data from the CARMENES data archive at CAB (INTA-CSIC). Thisarticle is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, devel-oped by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos Sánchez operated on the island of Tener-ife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. Data were partly col-lected with the 150-cm and 90-cm telescopes at the Sierra Nevada Observa-tory (SNO) operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC).Data were partly obtained with the MONET/South telescope of the MOnitoringNEtwork of Telescopes, funded by the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und HalbachFoundation, Essen, and operated by the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen,the McDonald Observatory of the University of Texas at Austin, and the SouthAfrican Astronomical Observatory. We acknowledge financial support from theSpanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Inno-vación y Universidades and the European FEDER/ERF funds through projectsAYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, AYA2018-84089, BES-2017-080769, BES-2017-082610, ESP2015-65712-C5-5-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-1/2-R, ESP2017-87143-R, ESP2017-87676-2-2, ESP2017-87676-C5-1/2/5-R, FPU15/01476, RYC-2012-09913, the Centre of Excellence ”Severo Ochoa”and ”María de Maeztu” awards to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709), and Cen-tro de Astrobiología (MDM-2017-0737), the Generalitat de Catalunya throughCERCA programme”, the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt throughgrants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501, the European Research Council through grant694513, the Italian Ministero dell’instruzione, dell’università de della ricerca andUniversità degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata through FFABR 2017 and “Mis-sion: Sustainability 2016”, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council through grant ST/P000592/1, the Israel Science Foundation through grant848/16, the Chilean CONICYT-FONDECYT through grant 3180405, the Mexi-can CONACYT through grant CVU 448248, the JSPS KAKENHI through grantsJP18H01265 and 18H05439, and the JST PRESTO through grant JPMJPR1775

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Radiogenic heat production in granitoids from the Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina

Abstract One of the most important processes of heat generation from the Earth's interior is the radioactive decay of isotopes. The main hosts of the major radiogenic elements U, Th and K in the crust are granitoids. The Sierras de Córdoba are formed of dissimilar granitic intrusions emplaced by a series of magmatic events that occurred during the Paleozoic. The different granitoids are classified as A-type, I-type, and S-type, and there is also a magmatic expression corresponding to the Famatinian period which exhibits TTG-type characteristics. In this work, the geochemical concentrations of the radiogenic elements of the granitic intrusions making up the Sierras de Córdoba were compiled in a single database. The radiogenic heat production of the Sierras de Córdoba granitoids was evaluated, making this the first study of radiogenic heat generation in the area. The radiogenic heat production showed variability for the different events, with the highest values found in Achalian magmatism and early Carboniferous magmatism, which are represented by A-type granitoids. The Capilla del Monte pluton has the highest heat production rate, with a value of 4.54 ± 1.38 µW/m3. The lowest values were found in the TTG-type granitoids and in the S-type granitoids, all of which belong to the Famatinian magmatic event. The range of values for this magmatic event goes from 0.26 ± 0.05 µW/m3 for the San Agustin pluton to 1.19 ± 0.50 µW/m3 for the La Playa pluton. An empirical ternary model is presented for the Sierras de Córdoba that involves the concentrations of the elements U, Th and K, and the radiogenic heat production, with a distinction for the petrogenetic types according to the S-I-A-M classification. The thermal manifestations located on the Capilla del Monte pluton could be related to the radioactive heat generation of the intrusion, involving both the neotectonic activity of the area and the radiogenic heat production. The results provide new opportunities for studying temperature variation within some of these intrusions and to evaluate the geothermal potential of the granitoids of Córdoba

Is blood collected from shot Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) useful for monitoring their physiological status?

Blood samples were analysed from 175 shot Iberian ibexes, and good-quality samples were obtained in more than 56% of cases. Sixty-eight of these samples from healthy animals were then used to characterize standard values for the species. Values for 10 blood parameters [monocytes, cholesterol, creatinine, albumin, beta-globulin, gamma-globulin, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, calcium (Ca), phosphates and iron (Fe)] from shot ibexes did not differ from those obtained from healthy captured and physically restrained animals. Blood samples from mange-infested ibexes (n=31) were also analysed and showed higher values for eosinophils and gamma-globulin than samples from healthy animals, but lower values for cholesterol, direct bilirubin, albumin, alpha-2-globulins and chloride. Values from blood parameters can provide useful information about the health and nutritional status of animals, and blood values may thus provide a complementary source of information for animals shot in Andalusia that will prove to be useful for monitoring the physiological status of ibex populations. The protocol described here provides guidelines for quick sample collection after an animal's death and standardized instructions for sample storage, transport and analysis. © Springer-Verlag 2005.Peer Reviewe