Ontogenia del androceo en Normania triphylla (Lowe) Lowe (Solaneae, Solanaceae)

The androecium ontogeny in Normania triphylla (Lowe) Lowe is described. The most peculiar features (e.g. early definition of zygomorphy, sinuous anthers, dorsal connectival appendages in the anthers, and lateral dehiscence line with an apical curve) are analyzed and discussed, as well as the differences between the androecium of Normania Lowe and Solanum L. The remarkable singularity of the androecium in Normania is emphasized.Se describe la ontogenia del androceo en Normania triphylla (Lowe) Lowe, estudiando la formación y el establecimiento de características de esta especie, como la temprana zigomorfia. las anteras sinuosas con apéndices conectivos dorsales y línea de dehiscencia lateral con una curva apical. Se discuten algunos caracteres, en particular el origen de la zigomorfia, los principales eventos del desarrollo y las diferencias entre Normania Lowe y Solanum L. Se valora la notable singularidad del androceo en Normania

Evolutionary relationships, hybridization and diversification under domestication of the locoto chile (Capsicum pubescens) and its wild relatives

Patterns of genetic variation in crops are the result of multiple processes that have occurred during their domestication and improvement, and are influenced by their wild progenitors that often remain understudied. The locoto chile, Capsicum pubescens, is a crop grown mainly in mid-highlands of South-Central America. This species is not known from the wild and exists only as a cultigen. The evolutionary affinities and exact origin of C. pubescens have still not been elucidated, with hypotheses suggesting its genetic relatedness and origin to two wild putative ancestral Capsicum species from the Central Andes, C. eximium and C. cardenasii. In the current study, RAD-sequencing was applied to obtain genome-wide data for 48 individuals of C. pubescens and its wild allies representing different geographical areas. Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood and coalescent-based analytical approaches were used to reconstruct population genetic patterns and phylogenetic relationships of the studied species. The results revealed that C. pubescens forms a well-defined monotypic lineage closely related to wild C. cardenasii and C. eximium, and also to C. eshbaughii. The primary lineages associated with the diversification under domestication of C. pubescens were also identified. Although direct ancestor-descendant relationship could not be inferred within this group of taxa, hybridization events were detected between C. pubescens and both C. cardenasii and C. eximium. Therefore, although hybrid origin of C. pubescens could not be inferred, gene flow involving its wild siblings was shown to be an important factor contributing to its contemporary genetic diversity. The data allowed for the inference of the center of origin of C. pubescens in central-western Bolivia highlands and for better understanding of the dynamics of its gene pool. The results of this study are essential for germplasm conservation and breeding purposes, and provide excellent basis for further research of the locoto chile and its wild relatives

An amazing new Capsicum (Solanaceae) species from the Andean-Amazonian piedmont

Capsicum regale Barboza & Bohs, sp. nov., a new species from the tropical wet forests of the eastern Andean slopes (Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to the Andean clade (all species 2n = 26) of Capsicum and is similar to C. longifolium Barboza & S.Leiva in its glabrescence, calyx morphology, and corolla and seed color but differs in its membranous and elliptic leaves, fleshy calyces, deeper stellate corollas, longer filaments, longer and purple fruiting pedicels, purple berries, and larger seeds. Its chromosome number was counted (2n = 26), a preliminary assessment of conservation status is given and discussed, and an updated identification key to the species of the Andean clade is provided.Fil: Barboza, Gloria Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: García, Carolina Carrizo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Scaldaferro, Marisel Analía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bohs, Lynn. University of Utah; Estados Unido

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Geographical Patterns of Genetic Variation in Locoto Chile (Capsicum pubescens) in the Americas Inferred by Genome-Wide Data Analysis

The locoto chile (Capsicum pubescens) is a regionally important food crop grown and marketed throughout the mid-highlands of South andCentral America, but little is known about its evolution and the diversity it harbours. An initial scan of genetic diversity and structure across its cultivation range was conducted, the first one using a genomic approach. The RAD-sequencing methodology was applied to a sampling of C. pubescens germplasm consisting of 67 accessions from different American countries, covering its range of distribution/cultivation on the continent. The RAD-seq SNP data obtained clustered the accessions into three major groups, with a high degree of admixture/reticulation among them. Moderate but significant differentiation and geographic structuration were found, depicting a south–north pattern in the distribution of genetic variation. The highest levels of diversity were found among central-western Bolivian individuals, while the lowest was found across Central America-Mexican germplasm. This study provides new genome-wide supported insights into the diversity and differentiation of C. pubescens, as well as a starting point for more efficient use of its genetic variation and germplasm conservation efforts. The findings also contribute to understanding the evolutionary history of C. pubescens, but further investigation is needed to disentangle its origin and diversification under domestication

Structural Aspects and Ecophysiology of Anther Opening in Allium triquetrum

• Background and Aims Tissue desiccation is considered to be involved in anther opening, and it is agreed that environmental humidity affects its timing. Different sources of evidence suggest that the later steps of the process (i.e. stomium opening and outward wall bending) are regulated in different ways. Anther opening was studied in Allium triquetrum under four regimes of relative humidity (RH) to analyse the effect of this parameter and to speculate about its possible regulation

DataSheet_3_Evolutionary relationships, hybridization and diversification under domestication of the locoto chile (Capsicum pubescens) and its wild relatives.fasta

Patterns of genetic variation in crops are the result of multiple processes that have occurred during their domestication and improvement, and are influenced by their wild progenitors that often remain understudied. The locoto chile, Capsicum pubescens, is a crop grown mainly in mid-highlands of South-Central America. This species is not known from the wild and exists only as a cultigen. The evolutionary affinities and exact origin of C. pubescens have still not been elucidated, with hypotheses suggesting its genetic relatedness and origin to two wild putative ancestral Capsicum species from the Central Andes, C. eximium and C. cardenasii. In the current study, RAD-sequencing was applied to obtain genome-wide data for 48 individuals of C. pubescens and its wild allies representing different geographical areas. Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood and coalescent-based analytical approaches were used to reconstruct population genetic patterns and phylogenetic relationships of the studied species. The results revealed that C. pubescens forms a well-defined monotypic lineage closely related to wild C. cardenasii and C. eximium, and also to C. eshbaughii. The primary lineages associated with the diversification under domestication of C. pubescens were also identified. Although direct ancestor-descendant relationship could not be inferred within this group of taxa, hybridization events were detected between C. pubescens and both C. cardenasii and C. eximium. Therefore, although hybrid origin of C. pubescens could not be inferred, gene flow involving its wild siblings was shown to be an important factor contributing to its contemporary genetic diversity. The data allowed for the inference of the center of origin of C. pubescens in central-western Bolivia highlands and for better understanding of the dynamics of its gene pool. The results of this study are essential for germplasm conservation and breeding purposes, and provide excellent basis for further research of the locoto chile and its wild relatives.</p