Aplicaciones de la biología molecular en el aparato locomotor (proteína morfogenética ósea)

La biología molecular constituye actualmente la base de la investigación biomédica. Gracias a la moderna técnica de transcripción inversa es posible obtener in Vitro proteínas humanas en gran cantidad. Un ejemplo de ello es la proteína morfogenética ósea recombinante humana (rhBMP), utilizada hasta ahora en forma experimental debido la disparidad de resultados observados en animales de experimentación y en humanos. Existen aún preguntas importantes que se deben responder antes de poder usar estas moléculas en la práctica clínica habitual. Los nuevos avances de la biología molecular hacen pensar que en el futuro la medicina cambiará dramáticamente, siendo le campo de la manipulación genética el horizonte inmediato.Currently, molecular biology is the base of biomedical research. Thanks to reverse transcription techniques, it is possible to obtain in vitro large amounts of human proteins. One example is the recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP), which is now used only in experimental and clinical research due to the disparity observed between the results on animal models and humans. There are important questions that must be answered before rhBMPs can be routinely used. New advances in molecular biology indicate a dramatic change in future medical practice, with genetic manipulation in the immediate sight

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Sello Chile inclusivo: Prácticas inclusivas en las bibliotecas públicas chilenas.

Public libraries adapt to constant social changes to meet the needs of users, and among their constant challenges is inclusion and accessibility as a fundamental axis. This research with scientific methodology and qualitative approach aims to know, identify and determine the characteristics of inclusive practices and accessibility in Chilean libraries recognized with the Chile Inclusive Seal. The literature review focuses on areas of human rights, inclusion and accessibility. The collection of information was through interviews with the directors of recognized libraries to expose the implementation of their own inclusive practices, subsequently conducting a content analysis, and ending with conclusions and suggestions that determine the need to create more knowledge in the area of inclusion in public libraries

Antropologías hechas en Ecuador. El quehacer antropológico (Volumen IV)

Al igual que en otros países, en Ecuador la antropología no es solo una disciplina, son varias genealogías que obedecen a temas diversos con enfoques interdisciplinarios y que cambian de acuerdo al contexto social, económico y político; pero a diferencia de la región, registra pocas escuelas de antropología y centros de formación de profesionales en el área. Esta recopilación de textos muestra la diversidad y las múltiples facetas de las antropologías ecuatorianas. La antropología ecuatoriana no se agota en estas historiografías y resalta aquellas genealogías del pensamiento ecuatoriano, nutrido por reflexiones desde las escuelas clásicas de la antropología, que dialogan fuertemente con el contexto nacional y que, particularmente, tienen la capacidad de recrearse a la luz de las necesidades reales de la gente con quienes se co-construye el conocimiento

Pezuela de las Torres. Propuestas bioclimáticas en el espacio público

Publicación de los trabajos elaborados por los estudiantes del curso 2019/20 de la asignatura 1602 - La Ciudad y el Medio de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Muestra una serie de propuestas elaboradas en la asignatura para mejorar bioclimáticamente diferentes espacios públicos municipales en el marco del acuerdo de colaboración académica realizado entre el Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio y el Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Pezuela de Las Torres (Madrid)

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(1,2). This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories