O papel do laser em endodontia

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaNas últimas duas décadas temos vindo a observar um crescente desenvolvimento da tecnologia Laser nas diversas áreas da saúde, inclusive na Medicina Dentária. Dentro destas aplicações, a associação das novas tecnologias às terapêuticas tradicionais na área da Endodontia tem sido alvo de interesse por parte dos investigadores. Sabemos atualmente que um dos principais objectivos da Endodontia é o de devolver ao sistema de canais radiculares as condições ideais de assepsia, eliminando os microrganismos patogénicos, e restabelecendo a função do dente. Deste modo, o insucesso do tratamento Endodôntico atribui-se hoje em dia à permanência dos microrganismos no SCR, não só devido à possibilidade de ocorrer uma desinfeção deficitária, mas também devido à possível re-contaminação, durante o tratamento ou devido a um selamento coronário insuficiente. Uma das principais utilizações dos Lasers na Endodontia prende-se com a eficácia comprovada dos Lasers como auxiliar na desinfeção dos canais radiculares, sendo que estudos científicos também revelam o seu desempenho noutras aplicações como os recobrimentos pulpares, obturação retrógrada, apicectomias e na obtenção do diagnóstico de vitalidade pulpar. Pareceu-nos pertinente a realização deste trabalho tendo como objectivo avaliar a situação atual da aplicação dos Lasers em Endodontia, de forma a melhor conhecer o seu funcionamento, as suas principais aplicações e indicações bem como os benefícios e desvantagens da sua utilização. A pesquisa bibliográfica deste trabalho foi realizada nas bibliotecas da Universidade Fernando Pessoa e Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto e nos motores de internet Pubmed, Science Direct e Scielo. Encontraram-se 732 artigos dos quais utilizamos 54. Como critérios de inclusão consideramos artigos escritos entre 2000 e 2012, em língua Portuguesa e Inglesa, que se encontrassem disponíveis publicamente. As palavras chave utilizadas foram “Laser”, “Endodontics”, “Root Canal Treatment”, “Desinfection”, “Apicectomy” e “Photodynamic Therapy”, “Laser em Endodontia”, que foram associadas de múltiplas formas. Como principais conclusões deste trabalho podemos afirmar que a tecnologia Laser pode ser eficazmente utilizada em diversos tratamentos desta área como coadjuvante às técnicas convencionais. In the past two decades there has been an increasing development of Laser technology in a several fields of healthcare, including Dentistry. Within these applications, combining new technologies with traditional therapies in Endodontics has been a matter of interest for many researchers. It is now known that a major goal of Endodontic therapy is to return to the root canal system the ideal condition of asepsis, eliminating pathogenic microorganisms, and restoring the tooth function. Therefore, Endodontic treatment failure is nowadays attributed to microorganisms persisting in the RCS, not only because of the possibility of an inefficient disinfection, but also due to the possible re-contamination during treatment or due to an insufficient coronal sealing. One of the highest uses of Lasers in Endodontics deals with the proven effectiveness of lasers to aid in the disinfection of root canals, and scientific studies also show its performance in other applications such as pulp coating, retrograde filling, apicoectomy and diagnosis. It seemed appropriate to conduct this study to assess the current situation of Laser applications in the Endodontic field, in order to comprehend its operation, its main applications and indications as well as the benefits and disadvantages of its use. A literature research was performed in the libraries of Universidade Fernando Pessoa e Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto and we used Pubmed, Science Direct and Scielo. There were found 732 articles of which 54 were chosen. Inclusion criteria considered articles written between 2000 and 2012 in Portuguese and English, which were publicly available. The key words were "Laser", "Endodontics," "Root Canal Treatment", "Desinfection", "Apicectomy" and "Photodynamic Therapy", "Laser em Endodontia", which have been linked in numerous ways. As a main conclusion of this work it can be stated that the use of Laser technology is effective in several Endodontic treatments when used as an adjuvant to conventional techniques

O Papel do Laser em Endodontia

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaNas últimas duas décadas temos vindo a observar um crescente desenvolvimento da tecnologia Laser nas diversas áreas da saúde, inclusive na Medicina Dentária. Dentro destas aplicações, a associação das novas tecnologias às terapêuticas tradicionais na área da Endodontia tem sido alvo de interesse por parte dos investigadores. Sabemos atualmente que um dos principais objectivos da Endodontia é o de devolver ao sistema de canais radiculares as condições ideais de assepsia, eliminando os microrganismos patogénicos, e restabelecendo a função do dente. Deste modo, o insucesso do tratamento Endodôntico atribui-se hoje em dia à permanência dos microrganismos no SCR, não só devido à possibilidade de ocorrer uma desinfeção deficitária, mas também devido à possível re-contaminação, durante o tratamento ou devido a um selamento coronário insuficiente. Uma das principais utilizações dos Lasers na Endodontia prende-se com a eficácia comprovada dos Lasers como auxiliar na desinfeção dos canais radiculares, sendo que estudos científicos também revelam o seu desempenho noutras aplicações como os recobrimentos pulpares, obturação retrógrada, apicectomias e na obtenção do diagnóstico de vitalidade pulpar. Pareceu-nos pertinente a realização deste trabalho tendo como objectivo avaliar a situação atual da aplicação dos Lasers em Endodontia, de forma a melhor conhecer o seu funcionamento, as suas principais aplicações e indicações bem como os benefícios e desvantagens da sua utilização. A pesquisa bibliográfica deste trabalho foi realizada nas bibliotecas da Universidade Fernando Pessoa e Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto e nos motores de internet Pubmed, Science Direct e Scielo. Encontraram-se 732 artigos dos quais utilizamos 54. Como critérios de inclusão consideramos artigos escritos entre 2000 e 2012, em língua Portuguesa e Inglesa, que se encontrassem disponíveis publicamente. As palavras chave utilizadas foram “Laser”, “Endodontics”, “Root Canal Treatment”, “Desinfection”, “Apicectomy” e “Photodynamic Therapy”, “Laser em Endodontia”, que foram associadas de múltiplas formas. Como principais conclusões deste trabalho podemos afirmar que a tecnologia Laser pode ser eficazmente utilizada em diversos tratamentos desta área como coadjuvante às técnicas convencionais. In the past two decades there has been an increasing development of Laser technology in a several fields of healthcare, including Dentistry. Within these applications, combining new technologies with traditional therapies in Endodontics has been a matter of interest for many researchers. It is now known that a major goal of Endodontic therapy is to return to the root canal system the ideal condition of asepsis, eliminating pathogenic microorganisms, and restoring the tooth function. Therefore, Endodontic treatment failure is nowadays attributed to microorganisms persisting in the RCS, not only because of the possibility of an inefficient disinfection, but also due to the possible re-contamination during treatment or due to an insufficient coronal sealing. One of the highest uses of Lasers in Endodontics deals with the proven effectiveness of lasers to aid in the disinfection of root canals, and scientific studies also show its performance in other applications such as pulp coating, retrograde filling, apicoectomy and diagnosis. It seemed appropriate to conduct this study to assess the current situation of Laser applications in the Endodontic field, in order to comprehend its operation, its main applications and indications as well as the benefits and disadvantages of its use. A literature research was performed in the libraries of Universidade Fernando Pessoa e Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto and we used Pubmed, Science Direct and Scielo. There were found 732 articles of which 54 were chosen. Inclusion criteria considered articles written between 2000 and 2012 in Portuguese and English, which were publicly available. The key words were "Laser", "Endodontics," "Root Canal Treatment", "Desinfection", "Apicectomy" and "Photodynamic Therapy", "Laser em Endodontia", which have been linked in numerous ways. As a main conclusion of this work it can be stated that the use of Laser technology is effective in several Endodontic treatments when used as an adjuvant to conventional techniques

Dental caries and bacterial load in saliva and dental biofilm of type 1 diabetics on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

Objectives: Since most of the studies evaluates diabetics on multiple daily injections therapy and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion may help gain better metabolic control and prevent complications, the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries, the unstimulated salivary flow rate and the total bacteria load, Streptococcus spp. levels and Lactobacillus spp. levels in saliva and supragingival dental biofilm of type 1 diabetics on insulin pump. Material and Methods: Sixty patients with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump and 60 nondiabetic individuals were included. The dental caries evaluation was performed using ICDAS and the oral hygiene was assessed according to Greene and Vermillion Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Unstimulated saliva and supragingival dental biofilm were collected. Total bacteria, Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. was quantified by qPCR. Results:Patients with type 1 diabetes had a higher prevalence of dental caries and filled and missing teeth when compared with the control group. These patients were associated with more risk factors for the development of dental caries, namely a lower unstimulated salivary flow rate and a higher bacterial load in saliva and dental biofilm. Conclusion: Some risk factors related to dental caries were associated with type 1 diabetics. An early diagnosis combined with the evaluation of the risk profile of the diabetic patient is imperative, allowing the dental caries to be analyzed through a perspective of prevention and the patient to be integrated into an individualized oral health program

Mutations in the MECP2 gene are not a major cause of Rett syndrome-like or related neurodevelopmental phenotype in male patients

Rett syndrome is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder that affects mainly girls, but mutations in the causative MECP2 gene have also been identified in boys with classic Rett syndrome and Rett syndrome-like phenotypes. We have studied a group of 28 boys with a neurodevelopmental disorder, 13 of which with a Rett syndrome-like phenotype; the patients had diverse clinical presentations that included perturbations of the autistic spectrum, microcephaly, mental retardation, manual stereotypies, and epilepsy. We analyzed the complete coding region of the MECP2 gene, including the detection of large rearrangements, and we did not detect any pathogenic mutations in the MECP2 gene in these patients, in whom the genetic basis of disease remained unidentified. Thus, additional genes should be screened in this group of patients.Moónica Santos was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) with the PhD fellowship SFRH/BD/9111/2002 and the postdoc fellowship SFRH/BPD/28555/2006. Research in Rett syndrome is supported by FSE/FEDER and FCT, Grant POCTI 41416/2001

TERT promoter mutations are a major indicator of poor outcome in differentiated thyroid carcinomas

Context: Telomerase promoter mutations (TERT) were recently described in follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas (FCDTC) and seem to be more prevalent in aggressive cancers. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the frequency of TERT promoter mutations in thyroid lesions and to investigate the prognostic significance of such mutations in a large cohort of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs). Design: This was a retrospective observational study. Setting and Patients: We studied 647 tumors and tumor-like lesions. A total of 469 patients with FCDTC treated and followed in five university hospitals were included. Mean follow-up (±SD) was 7.8 ± 5.8 years. Main Outcome Measures: Predictive value of TERT promoter mutations for distant metastasization, disease persistence at the end of follow-up, and disease-specific mortality. Results: TERT promoter mutations were found in 7.5% of papillary carcinomas (PTCs), 17.1% of follicular carcinomas, 29.0% of poorly differentiated carcinomas, and 33.3% of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Patients with TERT-mutated tumors were older (P < .001) and had larger tumors (P = .002). In DTCs, TERT promoter mutations were significantly associated with distant metastases (P < .001) and higher stage (P < .001). Patients with DTC harboring TERT promoter mutations were submitted to more radioiodine treatments (P = .009) with higher cumulative dose (P = .004) and to more treatment modalities (P = .001). At the end of follow-up, patients with TERT-mutated DTCs were more prone to have persistent disease (P = .001). TERT promoter mutations were significantly associated with disease-specific mortality [in the whole FCDTC (P < .001)] in DTCs (P < .001), PTCs (P = .001), and follicular carcinomas (P < .001). After adjusting for age at diagnosis and gender, the hazard ratio was 10.35 (95% confidence interval 2.01–53.24; P = .005) in DTC and 23.81 (95% confidence interval 1.36–415.76; P = .03) in PTCs. Conclusions: TERT promoter mutations are an indicator of clinically aggressive tumors, being correlated with worse outcome and disease-specific mortality in DTC. TERT promoter mutations have an independent prognostic value in DTC and, notably, in PTC.We acknowledge GENZYME for funding our work through a research project. This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through PhD Grant SFRH/BD/81940/2011 (to J.V.); PhD Grant SFRH/BD/87887/2012 (to C.T.); PhD Grant SFRH/BD/79135/2011 (to A.A.); and the Scientific Investigation Project PIC/IC/83037/2007. Further funding was obtained from the project “Microenvironment, Metabolism and Cancer,” partially supported by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2-O Novo Norte), under the Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional, and through the European Regional Development Fund. The work of J.M.C.-T. was supported by Grant PI12/00749-FEDER from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Madrid, Spain). The Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) is an associate laboratory of the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology, and Higher Education, which is partially supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology

TERT promoter mutations are a major indicator of poor outcome in differentiated thyroid carcinomas

Funding: This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through PhD Grant SFRH/BD/81940/ 2011 (to J.V.); PhD Grant SFRH/BD/87887/2012 (to C.T.); PhD Grant SFRH/BD/79135/2011 (to A.A.); and the Scientific Investigation Project PIC/IC/83037/2007. Further funding was obtained from the project “Microenvironment, Metabolism and Cancer,” partially supported by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2-O Novo Norte), under the Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional, and through the European Regional Development Fund. The work of J.M.C.-T. was supported by Grant PI12/00749-FEDER from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Madrid, Spain). The Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) is an associate laboratory of the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology, and Higher Education, which is partially supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology.Context: Telomerase promoter mutations (TERT) were recently described in follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas (FCDTC) and seem to be more prevalent in aggressive cancers. Objectives:Weaimed to evaluate the frequency of TERT promoter mutations in thyroid lesions and to investigate the prognostic significance of such mutations in a large cohort of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs). Design: This was a retrospective observational study. Setting and Patients: We studied 647 tumors and tumor-like lesions. A total of 469 patients with FCDTC treated and followed in five university hospitals were included. Mean follow-up (±SD) was 7.8 ± 5.8 years. Main Outcome Measures: Predictive value of TERT promoter mutations for distant metastasization, disease persistence at the end of follow-up, and disease-specific mortality. Results: TERT promoter mutations were found in 7.5% of papillary carcinomas (PTCs), 17.1% of follicular carcinomas, 29.0% of poorly differentiated carcinomas, and 33.3% of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Patients with TERT-mutated tumors were older (P < .001) and had larger tumors (P = .002). In DTCs, TERT promoter mutations were significantly associated with distant metastases (P< .001) and higher stage (P < .001). Patients with DTC harboring TERT promoter mutations were submitted to more radioiodine treatments (P = .009) with higher cumulative dose (P = .004) and to more treatment modalities (P=.001). At the end of follow-up, patients with TERT-mutated DTCs were more prone to have persistent disease (P=.001). TERT promoter mutations were significantly associated with disease-specific mortality [in the whole FCDTC (P < .001)] in DTCs (P < .001), PTCs (P = .001), and follicular carcinomas (P < .001). After adjusting for age at diagnosis and gender, the hazard ratio was 10.35 (95% confidence interval 2.01-53.24; P = .005) in DTC and 23.81 (95% confidence interval 1.36-415.76; P = .03) in PTCs. Conclusions: TERT promoter mutations are an indicator of clinically aggressive tumors, being correlated with worse outcome and disease-specific mortality in DTC. TERT promoter mutations have an independent prognostic value in DTC and, notably, in PTC.publishersversionpublishe

Glossário de responsabilidade social

Este Glossário de Responsabilidade Social é um produto da RSO PT, pelo que as referências ao mesmo deverão ser efetuadas mencionando o nome do documento e os seus autores: Rede RSO PT, GT ISO 26000, Glossário de Responsabilidade Social, (2013)Este Glossário de Responsabilidade Social foi desenvolvido no âmbito da Rede RSO PT, no Grupo de Trabalho da ISO 26 000 (GT ISO 26000). A missão do GT ISO 26000 consiste em promover e aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a norma NP ISO 26000 Linhas de Orientação para a Responsabilidade Social. O Glossário de Responsabilidade Social seguiu a estrutura da norma de referência NP ISO 26000 Linhas de orientação para a responsabilidade social, pelo que os termos se encontram associados aos sete temas da norma.APEE; APSHSTDC; BSD; Câmara Municipal da Amadora; Câmara Municipal de Loures; Câmara Municipal de Oliveira de Azeméis; CIG; CITE; Coordenada Social; CTCV; Edit Value; GEBALIS; IAPMEI; Instituto de Informática, IP; Instituto Português da Qualidade; Montepio; Process Advice; State of The Art; Universidade Abert

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio