Nuevos datos sobre los hongos hipogeos de España. II. Géneros Balsamia, Delastria y Genea, novedades para el catálogo español

A new contribution to the knowledge of the hypogeous fungi of Spain is given. From the13 species here mentioned, 6 are new records for the catalogue. Balsamia vulgaris Vitt., Delastria Rosea Tul., Genea klotzschii Berk. & Br., Gautieria mexicana (E. Fischer) Zeller & Dodge, Hymenoqaster bulliardi Vitt., and Hymenogaster populetorum Tul. The genera Balsamia, Delastria and Genea are mentioned for the first time in Spain. With those additions, the Spanish catalogue of hypogeus fungi raises to 64 species, belonging to 20 genera.Se realiza una nueva contribución al conocimiento de los hongos hipogeos del catalogo español. De las 13 especies estudiadas en esta ocasión, 6 son nuevas: Balsamia vulgaris Vitt., Delastria rosea Tul. , Genea klotzschii Berk. & Br., Gautieria mexicana (E. Fischer) ZeUer & Dodge, Hymenogaster bulliardi Vitt., y Hymenogaster populetorum Tul. Tres géneros son nuevos para España: Balsamia, Delastria y Genea. Con todo ello, el catálogo español de hongos hipogeos comprende actualmente 64 especies, incluidas en 20 géneros

Contribución al estudio de los ascomicetes españoles : I. Algunas especies nuevas o raras encontradas en Cataluña y Madrid

18 species of Ascomycetes are described, two of them, Aleuria rhenana Fuckel, and Fimaria ripensis (E.C. Hansen) Korf are new to the Spanish Catalogne, and three are mentioned for the second instance in Spain: Gyromitra wamei(Peck) Harmaja, Geopyxis majalis (Fr.) Sacc., and Peziza endocarpoides Berk. Notes on the geographical distribution of the other species are also given.Se describen 18 especies de Ascomicetes encontrados en Cataluña y Madrid, dando cuenta de su distribución geoqréfica en España. De entre ellos, Aleuria rhenana Fuckel y Fimaria repensis (E.C. Hansen) Korf son nuevas para el catalogo español y constituyen segundas citas las especies Gyromitra wamei (Peck) Harmaja, Geopyxis majalis (Fr.) Sacc., y Peziza endocarpoides Berk

Contribución al estudio de los ascomicetes españoles : I. Algunas especies nuevas o raras encontradas en Cataluña y Madrid

18 species of Ascomycetes are described, two of them, Aleuria rhenana Fuckel, and Fimaria ripensis (E.C. Hansen) Korf are new to the Spanish Catalogne, and three are mentioned for the second instance in Spain: Gyromitra wamei(Peck) Harmaja, Geopyxis majalis (Fr.) Sacc., and Peziza endocarpoides Berk. Notes on the geographical distribution of the other species are also given.Se describen 18 especies de Ascomicetes encontrados en Cataluña y Madrid, dando cuenta de su distribución geoqréfica en España. De entre ellos, Aleuria rhenana Fuckel y Fimaria repensis (E.C. Hansen) Korf son nuevas para el catalogo español y constituyen segundas citas las especies Gyromitra wamei (Peck) Harmaja, Geopyxis majalis (Fr.) Sacc., y Peziza endocarpoides Berk

Nuevos datos sobre los hongos hipogeos de España. II. Géneros Balsamia, Delastria y Genea, novedades para el catálogo español

A new contribution to the knowledge of the hypogeous fungi of Spain is given. From the13 species here mentioned, 6 are new records for the catalogue. Balsamia vulgaris Vitt., Delastria Rosea Tul., Genea klotzschii Berk. & Br., Gautieria mexicana (E. Fischer) Zeller & Dodge, Hymenoqaster bulliardi Vitt., and Hymenogaster populetorum Tul. The genera Balsamia, Delastria and Genea are mentioned for the first time in Spain. With those additions, the Spanish catalogue of hypogeus fungi raises to 64 species, belonging to 20 genera.Se realiza una nueva contribución al conocimiento de los hongos hipogeos del catalogo español. De las 13 especies estudiadas en esta ocasión, 6 son nuevas: Balsamia vulgaris Vitt., Delastria rosea Tul. , Genea klotzschii Berk. & Br., Gautieria mexicana (E. Fischer) ZeUer & Dodge, Hymenogaster bulliardi Vitt., y Hymenogaster populetorum Tul. Tres géneros son nuevos para España: Balsamia, Delastria y Genea. Con todo ello, el catálogo español de hongos hipogeos comprende actualmente 64 especies, incluidas en 20 géneros

Mental Models in Deductive Reasoning.

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Retinoid-independent motor neurogenesis from human embryonic stem cells reveals a medial columnar ground state

A major challenge in neurobiology is to understand mechanisms underlying human neuronal diversification. Motor neurons (MNs) represent a diverse collection of neuronal subtypes, displaying differential vulnerability in different human neurodegenerative diseases. The ability to manipulate cell subtype diversification is critical to establish accurate, clinically relevant in vitro disease models. Retinoid signalling contributes to caudal precursor specification and subsequent MN subtype diversification. Here we investigate the necessity for retinoic acid in motor neurogenesis from human embryonic stem cells. We show that activin/nodal signalling inhibition, followed by sonic hedgehog agonist treatment, is sufficient for MN precursor specification, which occurs even in the presence of retinoid pathway antagonists. Importantly, precursors mature into HB9/ChAT-expressing functional MNs. Furthermore, retinoid-independent motor neurogenesis results in a ground state biased to caudal, medial motor columnar identities from which a greater retinoid-dependent diversity of MNs, including those of lateral motor columns, can be selectively derived in vitro

Syndromics: A Bioinformatics Approach for Neurotrauma Research

Substantial scientific progress has been made in the past 50 years in delineating many of the biological mechanisms involved in the primary and secondary injuries following trauma to the spinal cord and brain. These advances have highlighted numerous potential therapeutic approaches that may help restore function after injury. Despite these advances, bench-to-bedside translation has remained elusive. Translational testing of novel therapies requires standardized measures of function for comparison across different laboratories, paradigms, and species. Although numerous functional assessments have been developed in animal models, it remains unclear how to best integrate this information to describe the complete translational “syndrome” produced by neurotrauma. The present paper describes a multivariate statistical framework for integrating diverse neurotrauma data and reviews the few papers to date that have taken an information-intensive approach for basic neurotrauma research. We argue that these papers can be described as the seminal works of a new field that we call “syndromics”, which aim to apply informatics tools to disease models to characterize the full set of mechanistic inter-relationships from multi-scale data. In the future, centralized databases of raw neurotrauma data will enable better syndromic approaches and aid future translational research, leading to more efficient testing regimens and more clinically relevant findings