Biomass to oil : fast pyrolysis and subcritical hydrothermal liquefaction

International audienceThe present abstract deals with the comparison of two biomass-to-oil processes: fast pyrolysis and subcritical hydrothermal liquefaction. Using the same biomass (beech sawdust), fast pyrolysis was led thanks to the cyclone reactor (wall temperature between 870 and 1040 K) and subcritical hydrothermal liquefaction thanks to a 150-ml-batch-reactor (temperature between 420 and 600 K). Mass balances and analysis (ultimate analysis, HHV, pH, Karl-Fischer, gas chromatographies, H 1 NMR) allow the comparison of both processes and the characterization of the main fractions of pyro-oils (heavy oils, light oils and aerosols) and liq-oils (heavy oils and water soluble organics)

ENHANCEMENT OF MODE I FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF ADHESIVELY BONDED SECONDARY JOINTS USING LAYUP PATTERNING OF CFRP

This work aims to analyse the influence of the CFRP layup patterning on the crack path of composite bonded joints and evaluate its effect on the mode I fracture toughness. An experimental program has been performed using Double Cantilever Beam tests with three different CFRP layup patterning and two adhesives. In addition, a finite element analysis was also implemented to further identify different damage mechanisms during the tests. The outcome shows that different substrate CFRP layup patterning results in distinct crack onsets and propagation paths during the tests, also influenced by the type of adhesive used. Furthermore, an enhancement of around 25% in the joint's onset fracture toughness was observed with the layup patterning compared to a reference joint (with unidirectional layup). Thus, the substrate's patterning morphology seems to be a promising method to increase the mode I fracture toughness of the studied secondary joints

Hablando con el "Gallo" de la pasión : informaciones cómicas

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2011Precede al tít.: "El Coco" Reporte

In-flight radiometric calibration of the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)

A reflectance-based method was used to provide an analysis of the in-flight radiometric performance of AVIRIS. Field spectral reflectance measurements of the surface and extinction measurements of the atmosphere using solar radiation were used as input to atmospheric radiative transfer calculations. Five separate codes were used in the analysis. Four include multiple scattering, and the computed radiances from these for flight conditions were in good agreement. Code-generated radiances were compared with AVIRIS-predicted radiances based on two laboratory calibrations (pre- and post-season of flight) for a uniform highly reflecting natural dry lake target. For one spectrometer (C), the pre- and post-season calibration factors were found to give identical results, and to be in agreement with the atmospheric models that include multiple scattering. This positive result validates the field and laboratory calibration technique. Results for the other spectrometers (A, B and D) were widely at variance with the models no matter which calibration factors were used. Potential causes of these discrepancies are discussed

Increase of CXCR3+ T cells impairs Th17 cells recruitment in the small intestine mucosa through IFN-g and IL-18 during treated HIV-1 infection

The restoration of CD4+ T cells, especially T-helper type 17 (Th17) cells, remains incomplete in the gut mucosa of most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–infected individuals despite sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART). Herein, we report an increase in the absolute number of CXCR3+ T cells in the duodenal mucosa during ART. The frequencies of Th1 and CXCR3+ CD8+ T cells were increased and negatively correlated with CCL20 and CCL25 expression in the mucosa. In ex vivo analyses, we showed that interferon γ, the main cytokine produced by Th1 and effector CD8+ T cells, downregulates the expression of CCL20 and CCL25 by small intestine enterocytes, while it increases the expression of CXCL9/10/11, the ligands of CXCR3. Interleukin 18, a pro-Th1 cytokine produced by enterocytes, also contributes to the downregulation of CCL20 expression and increases interferon γ production by Th1 cells. This could perpetuate an amplification loop for CXCR3-driven Th1 and effector CD8+ T cells recruitment to the gut, while impairing Th17 cells homing through the CCR6-CCL20 axis in treated HIV-1–infected individuals

Did Ebola emerge in West Africa by a policy-driven phase change in agroecology? Ebola's social context

SCOPUS: no.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe