The effects of cohousing model on people's health and wellbeing : A scoping review

Housing is a social determinant of health. Extensive research has highlighted its adverse effects on health. However, less is known about the effects of cohousing typology on health, which has the potential to create lively social networks and healthy communities and environments. We report the findings of a scoping study designed to gather and synthesise all known evidence on the relationship between cohousing and wellbeing and health. Using the scoping review method, we conducted a literature review in PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and JSTOR in May 2019 and selected articles published from 1960 onwards, with no geographical limit and no design restrictions. Retrieved articles underwent three sequential screening phases. The results were described through a narrative synthesis of the evidence. Of the 2560 articles identified, we selected 25 full-Text articles analysing 77 experiences. All of them were conducted in high-income countries. Ten studies analysed the impact of cohousing on physical and mental health or quality of life and wellbeing. Eight of the 10 studies found a positive association. In addition, 22 studies analysed one or more psychosocial determinants of health (such as social support, sense of community and physical, emotional and economic security) and most found a positive association. Through these determinants, quality of life, wellbeing and health could be improved. However, the quality of the evidence was low. The cohousing model could enhance health and wellbeing mediated by psychosocial determinants of health. However, extreme caution should be exercised in drawing any conclusions due to the dearth of data identified and the designs used in the included studies, with most being cross-sectional or qualitative studies, which precluded causal-based interpretations. Because housing is a major social determinant of health, more evidence is needed on the impact of this model on health through both psychosocial and material pathways

Evaluación cualitativa de una intervención para reducir la pobreza energética

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the “Energía, la justa” program, aimed at reducing energy poverty in the city of Barcelona, from the point of view of the target population and the workers involved in the intervention. METHODS: A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory pilot study was carried out, with a phenomenological approach. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted: to three users, three energy agents who performed interventions in the homes, and six professionals who participated in the program coordination. A thematic content analysis was carried out using Atlas-ti software. Interviews were conducted between October 2016 and March 2017. RESULTS: Trust in a contact person (e.g. social workers) facilitated the participation, although there were difficulties reaching people who had illegal energy supplies, immigrant women or immigrants who subrent properties. Regarding implementation, home visits, energy efficiency advice and the relationship with energy agents were the best assessed aspects. However, not being able to carry out reforms in deteriorated dwellings was considered a limitation. The program also contributed to raise awareness on energy rights, to save on utility bills and to generate tranquility and social support. CONCLUSIONS: Programs such as this one can promote energy empowerment and improve psychosocial status. However, strategies with a gender and equity perspective should be considered to reach other vulnerable groups.OBJETIVO: Conocer las valoraciones del programa “Energía, la justa” orientado a reducir la pobreza energética en la ciudad de Barcelona, desde la perspectiva de las personas destinatarias y de las personas trabajadoras involucradas en la intervención. MÉTODOS: Estudio piloto realizado con metodología cualitativa, de tipo descriptivo y exploratorio, analizado desde un enfoque fenomenológico. Se realizaron 12 entrevistas semi-estructuradas: a tres personas destinatarias, a tres agentes energéticos que realizaron intervención en los hogares y a seis profesionales que participaron en la coordinación del programa. Se realizó un análisis de contenido temático mediante el software Atlas-ti. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre octubre de 2016 y marzo de 2017. RESULTADOS: La confianza con una persona de contacto (por ejemplo, trabajadoras sociales) facilitó la participación, pero hubo dificultad para acceder a personas que tenían los suministros ilegales, mujeres inmigrantes o inmigrantes que subalquilaban pisos. Respecto a la implementación, las visitas domiciliarias, el asesoramiento en materia de eficiencia energética y la relación con los agentes energéticos, fueron los aspectos mejor valorados. Sin embargo, se consideró como limitación no poder realizar reformas en viviendas muy deterioradas. A nivel de impacto, el programa contribuyó al conocimiento de los derechos energéticos, a ahorrar en las facturas de los suministros y a generar mayor tranquilidad y soporte social. CONCLUSIONES: Programas como este fomentan el empoderamiento en materia energética y producen mejoras a nivel psicosocial. No obstante, se deberían desarrollar estrategias con perspectiva de género y de equidad para llegar a otros colectivos especialmente vulnerable

Study protocol for the evaluation of the health effects of superblocks in barcelona : The "salut als carrers" (health in the streets) project

Superblocks are currently being introduced in Barcelona to respond to the city's scarcity of green spaces and high levels of air pollution, traffic injuries, and sedentariness. The aim is to calm the streets by reducing the number of square meters dedicated to private vehicles and to reclaim part of this public space for people. Salut als Carrers (Health in the Streets) is a project to evaluate the potential environmental and health effects of the superblock model with an equity perspective in Barcelona. This study aims to explain the various interventions implemented in different neighborhoods in Barcelona and the methods that will be used to evaluate them in a quasi-experimental and health impact assessment (HIA) approaches. Given the complexity of the intervention evaluated, the project employs mixed methodologies. Quantitative methods include: (a) a pre-post health survey of 1200 people randomly selected from the municipal register asked about self-perceived health and quality of life, social support, mental health, mobility, physical activity, neighborhood characteristics, and housing; (b) pre-post environmental measurements, mainly of nitrogen dioxide (NO), particulate matter of less than 10 µm (PM), and particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm (PM) and black carbon; (c) pre-post environmental walkability measures using the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) tool; (d) use of public space and physical activity levels using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), a validated observation tool; (e) pre-post traffic injury measures with a comparison group; and (f) the comparison and integration of pre-post assessment with previous HIAs and the improvement of future HIAs. Qualitative studies will be performed to analyze residents' perception of these effects by using: (a) various focus groups according to different participant characteristics who are more or less likely to use the superblocks; and (b) a guerrilla ethnography, which is a method that combines ethnographic observation and semi-structured interviews. This study, which evaluates the impact of an ambitious urban-renewal program on health, will help to assess the effectiveness of public policy in terms of health and health inequalities

Evaluación de un programa para reducir la pobreza energética en Barcelona: "Energía, la justa"

La pobreza energética es una problemática grave de salud pública que ha aumentado en los últimos años en el contexto español. La evidencia sobre medidas para reducir la pobreza energética se restringe a programas de mejora de la vivienda, habiendo una escasez de evidencia sobre programas basados en la provisión de información. El objetivo principal fue evaluar la efectividad de un programa, “Energía, la justa”, basado en provisión de información dirigido a población vulnerable en la reducción de la pobreza energética y en la mejora de la salud implementado en Barcelona el 2016. Para ello se han realizado dos estudios. El primero, describe y compara la salud de la población vulnerable afectada por pobreza energética con población no afectada y profundiza en la relación entre la intensidad de la pobreza energética y la salud. El segundo, analiza el impacto de la intervención en la pobreza energética y en la salud en la población intervenida un año después. Los resultados mostraron que en Barcelona la población vulnerable afectada por pobreza energética tenía mayor probabilidad de presentar mala salud autopercibida, morbilidad respiratoria y mala salud mental autoreportada comparado con población sin pobreza energética. Además, aquellas personas que la sufrían con mayor intensidad tenían peor estado de salud que las personas que la sufrían con menor intensidad. El programa incrementó la capacidad de los hogares para mantener la temperatura adecuada y disminuyó el uso de servicios de atención primaria. No se observó cambios en el estado de salud e incrementaron los hogares con dificultades para pagar los suministros energéticos. La tesis concluye que una intervención basada en provisión de información reduce la pobreza energética, pero tiene un efecto modesto en la salud de las personas afectadas. Abordar la pobreza energética desde el ámbito local constituye un área que, debido a su dinamismo y como enclave de gobernanza local, ofrece un gran potencial para contribuir a mejorar la situación de las personas vulnerables que sufren pobreza energética.Energy poverty is a serious public health problem that has increased in recent years in the Spanish context. The evidence on measures to reduce energy poverty is limited to housing programmes, and there is a scarcity of evidence on information-based programmes. The main objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a program, "Energía, la justa", based on the provision of information to the vulnerable population to reduce energy poverty and improve health, implemented in Barcelona in 2016. Then, two studies have been performed. The first describes and compares the health of the vulnerable population affected by energy poverty with the non-affected population and examines the relationship between the energy poverty intensity and health. The second analyses the impact of the intervention on energy poverty and health in the intervened population one year later. The findings show that in Barcelona, the vulnerable population affected by energy poverty was more likely to suffer poor self-perceived health, respiratory morbidity and poor self-reported mental health compared to the non-energy poor population. Moreover, those who experienced it more intensively were in worse health than those who experienced it less intensively. The program had beneficial effects on the ability to keep homes at an adequate indoor temperature and reduce primary care visits. We could not observe changes in health status, whereas households expressing difficulty in paying for energy supplies increased. The thesis concludes that an information-based intervention reduces energy poverty but has a modest effect on the health of those affected. Tackling energy poverty from the local context constitutes an area that, due to its dynamism and as an enclave of local governance, offers a great potential to contribute to improve the situation of vulnerable people suffering from energy poverty

A Model for Obtaining ICT Indicators in Education

This working paper, proposes a conceptual framework for obtaining ICT indicators in education which is defined by a set of distinctive features: a holistic and systemic approach, a flexible and comprehensive strategy of analysis and, lastly, a willingness to monitor and set benchmarks to promote innovation. The potential of this model lies in its ability to provide comparable data on the dynamics of ICT integration into schools, which permits the various people responsible for this process to take decisions that are based on the result of empirical analysis rather than belief or intuition. For education systems faced with the challenges posed by the network society, making such decisions is indisputable and critical, but especially in the case of countries that are less developed and where the cost of applying tentative solutions is hardly acceptable. Obtaining indicators for monitoring this process should help identify sustainable solutions that do not give up on using ICT, efficiently, for innovation and improving education

A model for obtaining ICT indicators in education

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónSe propone un marco conceptual para la obtención de indicadores de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en la educación que se define por un conjunto de rasgos distintivos: un enfoque holístico y enfoque sistémico, una estrategia flexible y global de análisis y, por último, una voluntad de controlar y establecer puntos de referencia para promover la innovación. El potencial del modelo radica en la capacidad para proporcionar datos comparables sobre la dinámica de integración de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en las escuelas, lo que permite que las diversas personas responsables del proceso de tomar decisiones que se basan en el resultado del análisis empírico en lugar de la creencia o la intuición. Para los sistemas educativos se enfrentan a los retos planteados por la sociedad red, por lo que el tipo de decisiones es indiscutible y fundamental, pero sobre todo en el caso de los países de menor desarrollo y donde el coste de la aplicación de soluciones tentativas es difícilmente aceptable. La obtención de indicadores para el seguimiento del proceso debería ayudar a identificar soluciones sostenibles que no lo hacen renunciar a la utilización de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC).ES

La planificación estratégica, un indicador sobre el liderazgo pedagógico

0 0 1 151 835 USAL 6 1 985 14.0 Normal 0 21 false false false ES JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:ES; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} Destacando la función del liderazgo pedagógico como factor decisivo para la eficacia en el funcionamiento de los centros educativos, este  artículo analiza la planificación estratégica como indicio de la presencia de dicho factor crítico en la dinámica de las escuelas e institutos españoles. En el análisis de las variables asociadas al nivel de desarrollo de este tipo de actividad directiva, se pone de manifiesto su vinculación con el liderazgo para el aprendizaje  al que se concede una mayor potencialidad por su contribución al éxito educativo. El estudio de los indicios disponibles sobre el nivel de desarrollo alcanzado por esta forma de acción estratégica pone de manifiesto su vinculación a las creencias de los directores más que a las condiciones que establece el contexto en que se circunscribe la actividad de las escuelas. Los resultados se han obtenido de una muestra de 694 directores, representativos de los centros educativos españoles en sus etapas obligatorias. <!--EndFragment--

Teoría de la educación : educación y cultura en la sociedad de la información

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónDestacando la función del liderazgo pedagógico como factor decisivo para la eficacia en el funcionamiento de los centros educativos, se analiza la planificación estratégica como indicio de la presencia de dicho factor crítico en la dinámica de las escuelas e institutos españoles. En el análisis de las variables asociadas al nivel de desarrollo de este tipo de actividad directiva, se pone de manifiesto su vinculación con el liderazgo para el aprendizaje al que se concede una mayor potencialidad por su contribución al éxito educativo. El estudio de los indicios disponibles sobre el nivel de desarrollo alcanzado por esta forma de acción estratégica pone de manifiesto su vinculación a las creencias de los directores más que a las condiciones que establece el contexto en que se circunscribe la actividad de las escuelas.ES

Living Together for a Better Life : The Impact of Cooperative Housing on Health and Quality of Life

To guarantee the right to adequate housing is crucial worldwide, and even more so in Spain, where there is an accumulated delay in public housing policies compared to other European countries. This situation has led to an increase in Catalonia of cooperative housing under a grant-of-use (GoU) model based on collective ownership, and the intention of people to live together, sharing daily life, and collectivizing risks and care-based work. These characteristics may impact on people's health, but evidence is yet limited. Our study aims to explore the mechanisms that explain the relationship between cooperative housing under a GoU model and health in Catalonia. A descriptive−exploratory qualitative study was carried out. A total of 26 participants from 11 housing cooperatives were interviewed. Our results indicate that the impact of cooperative housing on people's health is mainly explained by these components: (1) living aligned with their political motivations; (2) legal and economic aspects; (3) communal living; (4) governance, decision-making and participation; and (5) material aspects of the dwelling. Despite having health benefits, the lack of clarity in the Spanish legal framework and public funding makes universal access difficult, but it is a step forward in breaking with the speculative housing dynamics that exist in our context