The evolutionary sequence of active galactic nuclei and galaxy formation revealed

Today, almost every galaxy spheroid contains a massive black hole: a remnant of, and testament to, a period in its evolution when it contained an active galactic nucleus (AGN). However, the sequence and timescales of the formation of the black hole and surrounding spheroid of stars are completely unknown, leaving a large gap in our knowledge of how the universe attained its present appearance. Here we present submillimeter observations of matched samples of X-ray absorbed and unabsorbed AGNs that have luminosities and redshifts characteristic of the sources responsible for most of the mass in present-day black holes. Strong submillimeter emission, an isotropic signature of copious star formation, is found only in the X-ray–absorbed sample, ruling out orientation effects as the cause of the absorption. The space density and luminosity range of the X-ray–absorbed AGNs indicate that they are undergoing the transition between a hidden growth phase and an unabsorbed AGN phase and imply that the X-ray–absorbed period in the AGN's evolution coincides with the formation of the galaxy spheroid

Implicaciones geotécnicas de las sucesivas reactivaciones del deslizamiento de Pajonales-Rosiana (depresión de Tirajana, Gran Canaria)

Análisis geológico geotécnico de inestabilidades de ladera en terrenos volcánicos. En este trabajo se identifican los factores que han contribuido al desarrollo y reactivación del deslizamiento de Pajonales-Rosiana. Para ello, se ha reconstruido la paleotopografía previa al deslizamiento, se ha establecido un modelo geológico de la ladera en función de la observación directa y datos de los mapas geológicos, y se ha generado un modelo geotécnico con datos bibliográficos y datos propios obtenidos en ensayos de laboratorio. Las superficies de rotura del deslizamiento de Pajonales-Rosiana se han desarrollado a través de tobas piroclásticas e ignimbritas que, al ser meteorizadas, desarrollan niveles limo-arcillosos con ángulos de fricción bajos, alta plasticidad y comportamiento expansivo. Por otra parte, la presencia de agua constituyó un factor desencadenante del deslizamiento, ya que para que se produzca la inestabilidad es necesaria la saturación total de las ignimbritas del Grupo Mogán y la saturación parcial de las lavas y piroclastos del Grupo Roque Nublo

Aceite de oliva virgen y regulación hormonal de la presión arterial: una revisión del papel de los enzimas proteolíticos

Numerosos estudios realizados en los últimos años, han puesto de manifiesto que los niveles elevados de grasa en la dieta están directamente relacionados con el desarrollo de diversas patologías, entre las que destacan enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes o incluso diversos tipos de cánceres. Estudios epidemiológicos también han demostrado que no sólo es importante la cantidad, sino también el tipo de grasa de la dieta. Son especialmente conocidos los efectos beneficiosos de la dieta mediterránea, caracterizada entre otros aspectos, por un consumo elevado de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados como el oleico. En cualquier caso, no se conoce con exactitud las relaciones existentes entre el tipo de grasa de la dieta y el desarrollo de las distintas patologías. Las aminopeptidasas son enzimas proteolíticos implicados en una amplia variedad de procesos biológicos, destacando su papel en el control de la presión arterial a través del sistema renina-angiotensina. En esta revisión se estudia la influencia de una dieta enriquecida en aceite de oliva sobre la actividad aminopeptidásica sérica y de tejidos periféricos, analizando su influencia en la regulación del sistema renina-angiotensina para el control de la presión arterial y el balance de líquidos y electrolitos.The intake of high fat dietary levels is related to the development of several pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. However, epidemiological studies have demonstrated that not only the amount but also the type of dietary fat participates in the origin of the diseases. In fact, several important beneficts have been attributed to the Mediterranean diet, characterized by the high intake of monoinsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid preferently. In any case, the relationship between the type of dietary fat an the development of diseases are unknown. Aminopeptidases are proteolytic enzymes involved in several biological proccesses, regulating blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin system. In this review, the influence of an olive oil-enriched diet is presented, analyzing their role in the regulation of blood pressure, local blood flow and fluid and electrolytic balance among other functions

Optimization of an Enzyme-Assisted Extraction Method for the Anthocyanins Present in Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)

Several investigations have proven the presence of anthocyanins in different parts of acai plants. These compounds are responsible for the notable therapeutic properties of acai such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anticonvulsant. We have therefore optimized an enzyme-assisted extraction method for the anthocyanins found in acai, to be subsequently applied in many fields such as agrifood, medicine, or cosmetics. A Plackett-Burman design with seven variables (time of extraction, pH, temperature, agitation, percentage of ethanol in the solvent, amount of sample, and units of enzyme) was employed to determine the predominant extraction variables, of which four were categorized as influential. Subsequently, a Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology made it possible to determine the degree of influence from these variables and their optimal values. The optimal conditions were established as 0.1 g of acai heated up to 60 degrees C and extracted using 15 mL of solvent with pH 4 and 40% ethanol, 500 units of enzyme per gram of sample, and agitation at 150 rpm for 15 min. The repeatability and intermediate precision of the developed method were confirmed by variation coefficients below 5%. Finally, the developed method was compared against the extensively used maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Recession, employment and self-rated health: a study on the gender gap

Objectives: Employment status and economic recession have been associated with negative effects on self-rated health, and this effect differs by gender. We analysed the effects of the Spanish economic recession in terms of self-rated health, its differential effect among genders and its influence on gender gap. Study design: Repeated cross-sectional study using Spanish health surveys (2001–2014). Methods: Logistic regression models were conducted to explore the association between self-rated health and employment status and its evolution over time and gender. To test the impact of the economic recession, pooled data regression models were conducted. Results: In this study, we considered 104,577 subjects. During the last 15 years, women have entered the labour market, leading to wide changes in the Spanish traditional family roles. Instead of an increasing proportion of women workers, gender employment differences persist. Therefore, in 2014, the prevalence of workers was 55.77% in men, whereas in women, it was 44.01%. Self-rated health trends during the economic recession differ by gender, with women improving slightly their self-rated health from a low self-rated health prevalence of 38.76% in 2001 to 33.78% in 2014. On the contrary, men seem more vulnerable to employment circumstances, which have led to substantial reduction in the gender gap. Conclusions: Although a gender gap persists, the change in socio-economic roles seems to increase women's self-rated health, reducing this gap. It is important to promote women's labour market inclusion, even in economic recession periods

Enhancing efficiency of enzymatic-assisted extraction method for evaluating bioactive compound analysis in mulberry: an optimization approach

The present investigation endeavors to optimize a method based on enzyme-assisted extraction for the efficient retrieval of bioactive compounds from mulberry, leveraging its notable health-promoting properties. A combined approach of Plackett-Burman design followed by Box-Behnken design was employed for determining the crucial extraction parameters and subsequently, refining the process. Optimal conditions consisted of heating 0.15 g of mulberry at 40 degrees C, using 15 mL of 70% EtOH as a solvent at pH 4, 38.46 enzyme units per g of sample, and shaking at 200 rpm. The optimum extraction time study revealed that 5 min of extraction was sufficient to reach the maximum concentration of the bioactive compound. The repeatability and intermediate precision assessment exhibited a coefficient of variation below 5%. Among the diverse mulberry varieties scrutinized, Morus nigra showed the highest anthocyanin content (27.90 +/- 2.14 mg/100 g), while Morus rubra showed the highest concentration of phenolic compounds (121.10 +/- 19.56 mg/100 g). Moreover, the extracted compounds showcased significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.Equipment for liquid chromatography by means of mass spectrometry and ion chromatography) of the State Subprogram of Research Infrastructures and Technical Scientific Equipment EQC2018-005135-Pinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of betalains from opuntia fruit pulp of different color varieties

Betalains are water-soluble pigments that have exhibited important pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, antilipidemic and antimicrobial activity. These compounds have been isolated in numerous purple plants or fruits, as is the case of the wild species under the Opuntia genus. The fruits of these species are often disregarded because of their small size as well as the frequent presence of prickles. Based on this, this research has as its objective the optimization of a method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction to obtain extracts enriched with betalains from a wild Opuntia species (Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.). Four variables (%EtOH in the solvent, temperature of extraction, ultrasound amplitude and cycle) were selected using a Box-Behnken design. The quadratic interaction of %EtOH and the interaction of %EtOH-cycle have proven to be influential variables at 95% confidence. The conditions to obtain the highest betalain concentration were 100 mg of pulp with 20 mL (60%:40% EtOH:H2O) solvent at 20 degrees C at 24% amplitude and 0.2 cycle for 10 min. The suitability and reliability of the method were evaluated with repeatability and intermediate precision tests obtaining CVs <5%. Finally, the developed method has been employed in the analysis of five Opuntia commercial samples and obtained significant antioxidant activity of the extracts, confirming its applicability.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

On the valorization of Arbutus unedo L. Pomace: Polyphenol extraction and development of novel functional cookies

The fruits of Arbutus unedo L. have a crimson colour and are enriched with remarkable concentrations of bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and polyphenols. These fruits are commonly used in the production of a Portuguese Protected Geographical Indication distillate called “Aguardente de Medronho”. During this process, a solid pomace is generated and presently discarded without valuable applications. In this work, two strategies have been developed for the valorisation of A. unedo pomace. The first approach considers the extraction of polyphenols from this by-product through the optimization of an ultrasound-assisted method using a Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology. The results indicate that the temperature and the percentage of methanol, along with their interaction, significantly influence the total concentration of polyphenols and the antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained. The optimal conditions identified consider the extraction of 0.5 g of sample with 20 mL of a solvent containing 74% MeOH (aq), at a pH of 4.8, maintained at 70 ◦C for 15 min. On the other hand, the second valorisation strategy considered the use of A. unedo pomace in the development of functional cookies. The incorporation of 15–20% pomace in the cookie formulation was well-received by consumers. This incorporation results in an intake of ca. 6.55 mg of polyphenols per gram of cookie consumed, accompanied by an antioxidant activity of 4.54 mg Trolox equivalents per gram of cookie consumed. Overall, these results encourage the employment of A. unedo pomace either as a reliable source of extracts enriched in polyphenols or as a nutraceutical active ingredient in functional cookies, thereby positively impacting human health.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Is type of work associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviour in women with fibromyalgia A cross-sectional study from the al-Ándalus project

Objectives To analyse the association between the type of work (productive vs reproductive work) and the levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in women with fibromyalgia. Method This cross-sectional study involved 258 women with fibromyalgia from southern Spain. Of them, 55% performed reproductive work (unpaid, associated with caregiving and domestic roles) exclusively, while 45% had productive job (remunerated, that results in goods or services). Physical activity of light, moderate and vigorous intensity in the leisure time, at home, at work, and totally were measured through the leisure time physical activity instrument and with the physical activity at home and work instrument, respectively. Sedentary behaviour was measured by the Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire. Results After adjusting for age, fat percentage, education level and marital status, the multivariate analysis of covariance model informed the existence of significant differences between type of work groups (p<0.001). Women with productive work engaged in more light physical activity at work (mean difference =448.52 min; 95 % CI 179.66 to 717.38; p=0.001), and total physical activity of light (809.72 min; 535.91 to 1085.53; p<0.001) and moderate (29

Tratamientos profesionales de semilla en siembra temprana: impacto en la implantación y rendimiento en grano de soja

PosterEl potencial productivo de un cultivo comienza con una implantación exitosa. Los tratamientos de semilla son una práctica cada vez más difundida especialmente ante situaciones que reducen la velocidad de germinación y emergencia de plántulas, como siembras tempranas. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de tres tratamientos profesionales de semilla sobre la emergencia de plántulas (EP), índice de verdor de hojas (SPAD) y rendimiento en soja en siembra temprana.Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos VegetalesFil: Carrera, Constanza Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Carrera, Constanza Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA); ArgentinaFil: Ergo, Verónica Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA). ArgentinaFil: Ergo, Verónica Vanesa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales. ArgentinaFil: Veas, Rodolfo Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales. ArgentinaFil: Veas, Rodolfo Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA). ArgentinaFil: Gaido, N.E. Syngenta. Seedcare Institute; ArgentinaFil: Bongiorni, N. Syngenta. Seedcare Institute; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, M.J. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, E.N. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin