DERECHO Y POLÍTICAS AMBIENTALES EN LA REGIÓN DE MURCIA

DERECHO Y POLÍTICAS AMBIENTALES EN LA REGIÓN DE MURCI

Derecho y políticas ambientales en la Región de Murcia (Segundo semestre 2017)

Derecho y políticas ambientales en la Región de Murcia (Segundo semestre 2017

New properties of a bioinspired pyridine benzimidazole compound as a novel differential staining agent for endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in fluorescence live cell imaging

Indexación: Scopus.In this study, we explored new properties of the bioinspired pyridine benzimidazole compound B2 (2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-2-yl)phenol) regarding its potential use as a differential biomarker. For that, we performed 1D 1HNMR (TOCSY), UV-Vis absorption spectra in different organic solvents, voltammetry profile (including a scan-rate study), and TD-DFT calculations that including NBO analyses, to provide valuable information about B2 structure and luminescence. In our study, we found that the B2 structure is highly stable, where the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) seems to have a crucial role in the stability of luminescence, and its emission can be assigned as fluorescence. In fact, we found that the relatively large Stokes Shift observed for B2 (around 175 nm) may be attributed to the stability of the B2 geometry and the strength of its IHB. On the other hand, we determined that B2 is biocompatible by cytotoxicity experiments in HeLa cells, an epithelial cell line. Furthermore, in cellular assays we found that B2 could be internalized by passive diffusion in absence of artificial permeabilization at short incubation times (15 min to 30 min). Fluorescence microscopy studies confirmed that B2 accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus, two organelles involved in the secretory pathway. Finally, we determined that B2 exhibited no noticeable blinking or bleaching after 1 h of continuous exposure. Thus, B2 provides a biocompatible, rapid, simple, and efficient way to fluorescently label particular organelles, producing similar results to that obtained with other well-established but more complex methods. © 2018 Llancalahuen, Fuentes, Carreño, Zúñiga, Páez-Hernández, Gacitúa, Polanco, Preite, Arratia-Pérez and Otero.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2018.00345/ful

El nuevo régimen de la reutilización de las aguas depuradas: en especial las novedades en el nuevo Plan Hidrológico de la demarcación del Segura

La reutilización de las aguas depuradas constituye una práctica adecuada para incrementar la disponibilidad del recurso. Sin embargo, las implicaciones sanitarias que pudiera conllevar hacen necesario la instauración de un marco jurídico que otorgue seguridad a los diferentes sectores implicados. La incorporación de las aguas regeneradas a la gestión integral del dominio público hidráulico implica, a su vez, su consideración en los nuevos planes hidrológicos recientemente aprobados. En la Demarcación Hidrográfica del Segura, donde el recurso se encuentra sometido a una intensa presión por los actuales y potenciales usuarios, la reutilización puede representar un relevante recurso adicional

A disaster risk management performance index

The Risk Management Index, RMI, proposed in this paper, brings together a group of indicators that measure risk management performance and effectiveness. These indicators reflect the organizational, development, capacity and institutional actions taken to reduce vulnerability and losses in a given area, to prepare for crisis and to recover efficiently from disasters. This index is designed to assess risk management performance. It provides a quantitative measure of management based on predefined qualitative targets or benchmarks that risk management efforts should aim to achieve. The design of the RMI involved establishing a scale of achievement levels or determining the distance between current conditions and an objective threshold or conditions in a reference country, sub-national region, or city. The proposed RMI is constructed by quantifying four public policies, each of which is described by six indicators. The mentioned policies include the identification of risk, risk reduction, disaster management, and governance and financial protection. Risk identification comprises the individual perception, social representation and objective assessment; risk reduction involves the prevention and mitigation; disaster management comprises response and recovery; and, governance and financial protection policy is related to institutionalization and risk transfer. Results at the urban, national and sub-national levels, which illustrate the application of the RMI in those scales, are finally given

La custodia del territorio como instrumento complementario para la protección de los espacios naturales

La presente nota analiza la evolución normativa de la custodia del territorio como estrategia complementaria de protección de los espacios naturales caracterizada por las notas de participación y voluntariedad y que goza de una creciente vitalidad y posibilidades de futuro. En especial, se trata de subrayar la evolución de los mecanismos de protección que, si bien descansaban en el ejercicio unilateral de potestades administrativas, de modo creciente se orientan a estrategias acordadas con los sectores interesados y afectados, como modo de conseguir mayor apoyo social y colaboración de los particulares en la consecución de los fines de interés general, en este caso, la utilización racional de los recursos naturales, la garantía del derecho a disfrutar de un medio ambiente adecuado y el más cabal cumplimiento de los deberes de protección

Urban Seismic Risk Evaluation: A Holistic Approach

Risk has been defined, for management purposes, as the potential economic, social and environmental consequences of hazardous events that may occur in a specified period of time. However, in the past, the concept of risk has been defined in a fragmentary way in many cases, according to each scientific discipline involved in its appraisal. From the perspective of this article, risk requires a multidisciplinary evaluation that takes into account not only the expected physical damage, the number and type of casualties or economic losses, but also the conditions related to social fragility and lack of resilience conditions, which favour the second order effects (indirect effects) when a hazard event strikes an urban centre. The proposed general method of urban risk evaluation is multi hazard and holistic, that is, an integrated and comprehensive approach to guide decision-making. The evaluation of the potential physical damage (hard approach) as the result of the convolution of hazard and physical vulnerability of buildings and infrastructure is the first step of this method. Subsequently, a set of social context conditions that aggravate the physical effects are also considered (soft approach). In the method here proposed, the holistic risk evaluation is based on urban risk indicators. According to this procedure, a physical risk index is obtained, for each unit of analysis, from existing loss scenarios, whereas the total risk index is obtained by factoring the former index by an impact factor or aggravating coefficient, based on variables associated with the socioeconomic conditions of each unit of analysis. Finally, the proposed method is applied in its single hazard form to the holistic seismic risk evaluation for the cities of Bogota (Colombia) and Barcelona (Spain)

Computational Tool for Post-Earthquake Evaluation of Damage in Buildings

A method and a computational tool oriented to assist the damage and safety evaluation of buildings after strong earthquakes is described in this article. The input of the model is the subjective and incomplete information on the building state, obtained by inspectors which are possibly not expert professionals of the field of building safety. The damage levels of the structural components are usually described by linguistic qualifications which can be adequately processed by computational intelligence techniques based on neuro-fuzzy systems what facilitate the complex and urgent tasks of engineering decision-making on the building occupancy after a seismic disaster. The hybrid neuro-fuzzy system used is based on a special three-layer feedforward artificial neural network and fuzzy rule bases and is an effective tool during the emergency response phase providing decisions about safety, habitability, and reparability of the buildings. Examples of application of the computer program are given for two different building classes

JURISPRUDENCIA AMBIENTAL EN MURCIA

JURISPRUDENCIA AMBIENTAL EN MURCI

La investigación del ADN antiguo: Directrices sobre las precauciones, controles y el tratamiento de las muestras

The young discipline of palaeogenetics has developed into a successful and expectant field of archaeobiological research within the last decade. Palaeogenetic investigation (e.g. PCR, DNA sequencing) of ancient specimens is, however, susceptible to falsification by the presence of contamination from more recent times. Contamination which can lead to amplification of non-authentic sequences is known to stem from several sources: (i) human biomolecules derived from the persons performing the genetic experiments, perhaps also from the archeologists and other persons who have previously handled the specimens or (ii) edaphic DNA sequences derived primarily from bacterial or fungal growth upon the specimen. A third source of contamination can arise from (iii) substances used for conservation of specimens. Here we give advice on the correct processing of prehistoric bone samples when further molecular biological examination is required. Along with the demonstration of necessary precautions and working conditions, we further explain how an unequivocal DNA contamination monitoring is performed.La paleogenética se ha convertido en los últimos años en una disciplina coronada de éxito que ofrece grandes expectativas para el desarrollo de la investigación arqueobiológica. No obstante, la investigación paleogenética (p. ej: PCR, secuenciación del ADN) de especímenes antiguos es susceptible de ser falsificada por la presencia de una contaminación más reciente. Actualmente sabemos que la contaminación que provoca la amplificación de secuencias ''no auténticas" procede de las siguientes fuentes: (i) las biomoléculas humanas provienen de la persona que realiza el experimento genético o incluso también del arqueólogo u otras personas que previamente hayan tenido contacto con el espécimen; (ii) de secuencias de ADN edáficas derivadas básicamente del crecimiento bacterial o fúngico en el seno del espécimen. La tercera fuente de contaminación puede surgir de las substancias (iii) empleadas para la conservación del espécimen. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en aportar una serie de consejos sobre el modo correcto para tratar las muestras de material óseo prehistórico, en el caso que se pretenda realizar ulteriores exámenes biomoleculares. Con esta finalidad presentamos detalladamente las precauciones y condiciones necesarias de trabajo, así como una explicación de cómo puede controlarse la contaminación del ADN. Resulta prometedora la introducción de las herramientas y de la metodología paleogenéticas en el marco de la investigación arqueológica. Tal y como se observa en la mayoría de las publicaciones recientes, existe un gran número de cuestiones que pueden beneficiarse del estudio paleogenético. Cabe citar, entre otras, por ejemplo, los métodos para la reconstrucción de las estructuras sociales en la Prehistoria (a saber, la determinación de las relaciones de parentesco), o ciertas aplicaciones de la investigación paleopatológica. Por otra parte, el repertorio de técnicas disponibles para el análisis del ADN fósil, incluso del que está altamente degradado, permite elucidar, y en algunos casos dar respuesta, a antiguas cuestiones de interés general sobre la evolución de la humanidad. Con la ayuda de métodos más extensos y de un conjunto de técnicas de ADNa optimizadas eficazmente, la paleogenética, en tanto que joven disciplina, se establecerá por sí misma como un instrumento importante de la investigación arqueológica y antropológica. Sin duda alguna, la colaboración científica internacional permitiría una mayor y mejor aceptación de estos métodos en el seno de las disciplinas implicadas, así como fuera de ellas y, en consecuencia, llevaría a una mejor cualidad de la investigación dentro de las ciencias paleo genéticas. Cabe desear que en un futuro próximo se intensifique el intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias entre los grupos de trabajo que estudian las sociedades antiguas