Modelo espacialmente explícito de la migración estacional del pez vela (Istiophorus platypterus) en el Pacífico mexicano

Using catch and effort data recorded in sport fishing conducted in the ports of Mazatlan, Sin. and Buena Vista, BCS, Mexico, during 1979-2005 and 1985-2006, respectively, build a year type or average, and developed a deterministic model in discrete time space to simulate the seasonal mass movements that perform the sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) in the Exclusive Economic Zone of the Mexican Pacific. The model parameters are the migration rates that define the movements, which were estimated by minimizing the squared differences between predicted by the model and the catch per unit effort (number of organisms per trip) observed in sport fishing in typical year. The results are consistent with the existence of a single stock in the region, which conducts coastal latitudinal displacement during the summer from a point south of the Mexican Pacific, toward the north in direction to the Gulf of California, and then returning to the south at the end this season. It shows a better fit of the model when simulating a mortality rate of 0,019 times per day abundance for the northern Mexican Pacific (equivalent to z = 0.013/month). This scenario is consistent with previously reported conceptual migration patterns, due to this it is considered that the proposed model can be a useful tool for predicting changes in regional abundance and in general to elucidate the behavior of the stock.Utilizando los datos de captura y esfuerzo registrados en la pesca deportiva realizada en los puertos de Mazatlán, Sinaloa y Buena Vista, Baja California Sur, México, durante los periodos 1979-2005 y 1985-2006 respectivamente, se construyó un año tipo o promedio, y se elaboró un modelo espacial determinístico en tiempo discreto para simular los movimientos masivos estacionales que realiza el pez vela (Istiophorus platypterus) en la Zona Económica Exclusiva del Pacífico mexicano. Los parámetros del modelo fueron los índices de migración, que definen los movimientos, los cuales se estimaron minimizando las diferencias al cuadrado entre lo pronosticado por el modelo y la captura por unidad de esfuerzo (número de organismos por viaje) observada en la pesca deportiva en el año tipo. Los resultados son consistentes con la existencia de un sólo stock en la región, que realiza desplazamientos costeros latitudinales durante el verano, desde un punto al sur del Pacífico mexicano, en dirección norte hasta el Golfo de California, para después regresar nuevamente al sur al final de esta temporada. Se apreció un mejor ajuste del modelo cuando se simuló una mortalidad de 0.019 veces la abundancia por día para la región norte del Pacífico mexicano (equivalente a z = 0.013/mes). Este escenario es consistente con los patrones migratorios conceptuales anteriormente reportados, debido a esto se considera que el modelo propuesto puede ser una herramienta útil para predecir variaciones en las abundancias regionales y en general para elucidar el comportamiento del stock

Influence of doping on charge carrier collection in normal and inverted geometry polymer: fullerene solar cells

While organic semiconductors used in polymer:fullerene photovoltaics are generally not intentionally doped, significant levels of unintentional doping have previously been reported in the literature. Here, we explain the differences in photocurrent collection between standard (transparent anode) and inverted (transparent cathode) low band-gap polymer:fullerene solar cells in terms of unintentional p-type doping. Using capacitance/voltage measurements, we find that the devices exhibit doping levels of order 1016 cm−3, resulting in space-charge regions ~100 nm thick at short circuit. As a result, low field regions form in devices thicker than 100 nm. Because more of the light is absorbed in the low field region in standard than in inverted architectures, the losses due to inefficient charge collection are greater in standard architectures. Using optical modelling, we show that the observed trends in photocurrent with device architecture and thickness can be explained if only charge carriers photogenerated in the depletion region contribute to the photocurrent

Riesgo quirúrgico tras resección pulmonar anatómica en cirugía torácica. Modelo predictivo a partir de una base de datos nacional multicéntrica

Introduction: the aim of this study was to develop a surgical risk prediction model in patients undergoing anatomic lung resections from the registry of the Spanish Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Group (GEVATS). Methods: data were collected from 3,533 patients undergoing anatomic lung resection for any diagnosis between December 20, 2016 and March 20, 2018. We defined a combined outcome variable: death or Clavien Dindo grade IV complication at 90 days after surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by logistic regression. Internal validation of the model was performed using resampling techniques. Results: the incidence of the outcome variable was 4.29% (95% CI 3.6-4.9). The variables remaining in the final logistic model were: age, sex, previous lung cancer resection, dyspnea (mMRC), right pneumonectomy, and ppo DLCO. The performance parameters of the model adjusted by resampling were: C-statistic 0.712 (95% CI 0.648-0.750), Brier score 0.042 and bootstrap shrinkage 0.854. Conclusions: the risk prediction model obtained from the GEVATS database is a simple, valid, and reliable model that is a useful tool for establishing the risk of a patient undergoing anatomic lung resection

Grupo español de cirugía torácica asistida por videoimagen: método, auditoría y resultados iniciales de una cohorte nacional prospectiva de pacientes tratados con resecciones anatómicas del pulmón

Introduction: our study sought to know the current implementation of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for anatomical lung resections in Spain. We present our initial results and describe the auditing systems developed by the Spanish VATS Group (GEVATS). Methods: we conducted a prospective multicentre cohort study that included patients receiving anatomical lung resections between 12/20/2016 and 03/20/2018. The main quality controls consisted of determining the recruitment rate of each centre and the accuracy of the perioperative data collected based on six key variables. The implications of a low recruitment rate were analysed for '90-day mortality' and 'Grade IIIb-V complications'. Results: the series was composed of 3533 cases (1917 VATS; 54.3%) across 33 departments. The centres' median recruitment rate was 99% (25-75th:76-100%), with an overall recruitment rate of 83% and a data accuracy of 98%. We were unable to demonstrate a significant association between the recruitment rate and the risk of morbidity/mortality, but a trend was found in the unadjusted analysis for those centres with recruitment rates lower than 80% (centres with 95-100% rates as reference): grade IIIb-V OR=0.61 (p=0.081), 90-day mortality OR=0.46 (p=0.051). Conclusions: more than half of the anatomical lung resections in Spain are performed via VATS. According to our results, the centre's recruitment rate and its potential implications due to selection bias, should deserve further attention by the main voluntary multicentre studies of our speciality. The high representativeness as well as the reliability of the GEVATS data constitute a fundamental point of departure for this nationwide cohort

El trabajo por venir : autogestión y emancipación social

Prólogo 11. Capítulo 1. Trabajo y energía. El fin del capitalismo tal como lo conocemos 17. Elmar Altvater. Capítulo 2. La producción para el valor de uso. Los mercados para la sustentación de la vida. Autogestión y mercados 33. Luciana García Guerreiro. Producción y mercados para la vida: una posibilidad emancipadora para el siglo XXI 36. Norma Giarracca. Ejes de la economía indígena: La experiencia de Bolivia 42. Pilar Lizárraga. Producción y mercados desde la comunidad Kolla Tinkunaku 46. Abel Palacios. Los campos de experimentación: la Red de Comercio Justo del Movimiento de Campesinos de Córdoba 48. Natalia Aimar y Pamela Mackey. La globalización y el comercio justo 50. Juan Silva. Comercio Justo desde la Red Tacurú 54. Tamara Perelmuter. Comentarios 55. Capítulo 3. División del trabajo, jerarquía y tecnología. La ciencia como fraude del progreso 59. Andrés Carrasco. £Venimos del pasado o del futuro? 67. Toti Flores. Agronegocios y campesinado: dos sistemas en conflicto 72. Bernardo Mançano Fernandes. Desarrollo campesino y contrato social 76. Carlos Vacaflores. Agricultura, biodiversidad y conocimiento 80. Carlos Vicente. Capítulo 4. Organización laboral: £Qué eficiencia y para qué? Empresas recuperadas: algunos interrogantes Julián Rebón. Criterios de eficiencia y criterios de equidad 90. Miguel Teubal. Empresas recuperadas y políticas públicas 94. Héctor Palomino. Construir trabajo desde la carencia: El Frente Popular Darío Santillán 100. Nahuel Levalli. Gestión obrera y eficiencia. La experiencia de Fasinpat (ex Zanón) 105. Jorge Esparza. La eficiencia como cuestión política. La Asociación Nacional de Trabajadores. Autogestionados 111. Rufino Almeida. Los límites de la autonomía. El Hotel Bauen 114. Fabio Resino Capitulo 5. Ruinas emergentes. Solidaridad y Cooperación en la organización del trabajo. Las diferentes economías de Bolivia 119. Shirley Orozco Ramírez. Resistirse a la desaparición. La experiencia del pueblo mapuche 124. Chacho Liempe. Experiencias cooperativas en Europa y Argentina 136. Gurli Jacobsen. Cuando una cooperativa funciona. El caso CORPICO 142. José Brinati. Comentarios 144. Capítulo 6. Autogestión como desafío. Las Organizaciones autónomas Autonomía no es aislamiento. Reflexiones acerca de la situación actual de los movimientos sociales 151. Ana Esther Ceceña. Recuperar la autonomía es recuperar el Estado 157. Juan Carlos Gipi Fernández. La autogestión como éxodo. El MTD de Solano 169. Neka Jara. El trabajo libre contra la economía política 173. Raúl Zibechi. Bibliografía 180

Defining the causes of sporadic Parkinson's disease in the global Parkinson's genetics program (GP2)

The Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2) will genotype over 150,000 participants from around the world, and integrate genetic and clinical data for use in large-scale analyses to dramatically expand our understanding of the genetic architecture of PD. This report details the workflow for cohort integration into the complex arm of GP2, and together with our outline of the monogenic hub in a companion paper, provides a generalizable blueprint for establishing large scale collaborative research consortia

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Polymer networks from nematic, smectic and lyotropic liquid crystals for organic photovoltaics

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

CONTOUR Dust Shield Performance

The Comet Nucleus Tour (CONTOUR) is one of NASA\u27s Discovery series missions in which a single spacecraft will be launched in July 2002 to journey to the coma of comets Encke and Schwassmann-Wachmann-3 at velocities of 28.2 and 14 km/s, respectively. A multishock bumper dust shield with four ceramic fabric bumpers and a Kevlar-based rear wall, normally aligned to the dust velocity field vector, will provide the protection. Various configurations of the prototype shield were shot with surrogate nylon particles of various diameters at about 7 km/s to determine empirical ballistic limit equations. The performance is scaled to flyby velocities and comet dust particles using laws of momentum and kinetic energy and is related to the expected comets\u27 dust fluence to determine flyby distances from the nuclei for a desired level of reliability. Empirical damage models to predict the size of the holes and mass loss of each layer are developed from measurements of the damage on the prototype targets. For small dust particles, a shield erosion model is assumed to only affect the first bumper. The damage and erosion models are incorporated into a Monte Carlo probabilistic simulation that predicts the shield damage and the probability of no penetration of the shield. This paper describes the methodology to evaluate the shield performance

New Photovoltaic Concept: Liquid-Crystal Solar Cells Using a Nematic Gel Template

The use of reactive mesogens in building a liquid-crystal solar cells using a nematic gel template which demonstrates a new approach to photovoltaics was analyzed. The polymerizable liquid crystals with two polymerizable groups attached through flexible aliphatic spacers to an aromatic core are attracting interest as organic semiconductors for electroluminescence and organic transistors. The polymerization results in controlled phase separation of the two components and the formation of a polymer network matrix around the nematic droplets. A suitable electron-accepting, hole-blocking material is then deposited by the solution process on top of the honeycomb polymer network to fill the empty grooves. The self-assembling properties of the nematic liquid crystals allow a new way to generate a vertically separated distributed interface between electron donating and accepting materials for improved device efficiency.Link_to_subscribed_fulltex