Multi-conjugated adaptive optics imaging of distant galaxies -- A comparison of Gemini/GSAOI and VLT/HAWK-I data

Multi-conjugated adaptive optics (MCAO) yield nearly diffraction-limited images at 2$\mu$m wavelengths. Currently, GeMS/GSAOI at Gemini South is the only MCAO facility instrument at an 8m telescope. Using real data and for the first time, we investigate the gain in depth and S/N when MCAO is employed for $K_{\rm s}$-band observations of distant galaxies. Our analysis is based on the Frontier Fields cluster MACS J0416.1-2403, observed with GeMS/GSAOI (near diffraction-limited) and compared against VLT/HAWK-I (natural seeing) data. Using galaxy number counts, we show that the substantially increased thermal background and lower optical throughput of the MCAO unit are fully compensated for by the wavefront correction, because the galaxy images can be measured in smaller apertures with less sky noise. We also performed a direct comparison of the signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of sources detected in both data sets. For objects with intrinsic angular sizes corresponding to half the HAWK-I image seeing, the gain in S/N is 40 per cent. Even smaller objects experience a boost in S/N by a up to a factor of 2.5 despite our suboptimal natural guide star configuration. The depth of the near diffraction limited images is more difficult to quantify than that of seeing limited images, due to a strong dependence on the intrinsic source profiles. Our results emphasize the importance of cooled MCAO systems for $K_{\rm s}$-band observations with future, extremely large telescopes.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Perspectiva de la enfermera serumista acerca de la educación interprofesional para el trabajo en equipo de la red Lambayeque, 2020

Actualmente diversas personas tienen necesidades de salud complejas y diariamente requieren de más de una disciplina para tratar estos problemas, la educación interprofesional, permite obtener profesionales responsables, capaces de trabajar colaborativamente y en equipo. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo, describir y analizar la perspectiva de la enfermera serumista acerca de la educación interprofesional para el trabajo en equipo, la investigación es cualitativa, con un diseño metodológico descriptivo; la muestra se saturo con 12 enfermeras serumistas egresadas de la USAT. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó la técnica entrevista en línea, mediante el programa Zoom o llamada telefónica, el instrumento utilizado fue una guía semiestructurada, la cual fue validada por 3 expertos en la temática y luego por estudio piloto. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados por análisis de contenido temático que comprendió 3 etapas: pre análisis, análisis y la verificación y contraste de los hallazgos. Además, la investigación tomó los criterios de rigor ético y científico. Como resultados surgieron 6 categorías: significado de la educación interprofesional, importancia percibida acerca de la educación interprofesional, experiencias no intencionadas de educación interprofesional en la formación universitaria, practica no intencionada de la educación interprofesional en la labor profesional, limitaciones u obstáculos para el desarrollo de la educación interprofesional y necesidad de incorporar la educación interprofesional al currículo Universitario. En conclusión, encontramos serumistas que desconocen el significado de la educación interprofesional, las experiencias que tuvieron las serumistas en su formación Universitaria, fueron de manera no intencionadas

Estudio de los procesos administrativos y forma de organización en la empresa Agroservicios “TIERRA FERTIL” del cantón Milagro ante las necesidades del negocio a través de una reestructuración año 2012.

"El presente trabajo explica una propuesta administrativa organizacional a través de la implementación de los procesos administrativos y forma de organización de una empresa distribuidora de productos agros químicos en la ciudad de Milagro. Este trabajo trata específicamente sobre el diseño e implementación de los procesos óptimos administrativos para que la empresa pueda desarrollar eficientemente sus actividades y poder así, satisfacer altamente a los clientes. Actualmente, Agroservicios “Tierra Fértil”, al igual que otras casas agrícolas del cantón Milagro, carece de procesos administrativos y forma organizacional. Este proyecto plantea cubrir problemas de organización, distribución, logística, compras, ventas, contabilidad y almacén, fundamentado con conocimientos técnicos, administrativos y de procesos. El estudio se lo realizó con el objetivo de alcanzar una reestructuración del negocio, entre las mejoras están: ejecución, control, evaluación y planificación de los planes de forma integral, a nivel de empresa; basado en un análisis financiero, que demuestran a través de cifras la evolución y el avance de cada una de las metas trazadas. En las encuestas y entrevistas levantadas en el proyecto, se puede enfatizar claramente que gran parte de los agrarios orientan sus requerimientos en temas de calidad, calidez y servicio, así como del cuidado al medio ambiente. Es por ello, que el proyecto de tesis propuesto consiste en contribuir a la solución, mediante una reestructuración administrativa y organizacional, permitiendo planificar e implementar los procesos de seguimiento y medición con respecto al cumplimiento de sus objetivos, demostrando la capacidad y calidad que tienen los procesos para alcanzar los resultados esperados. "

A specialized reciprocal connectivity suggests a link between the mechanisms by which the superior colliculus and parabigeminal nucleus produce defensive behaviors in rodents

The parabigeminal nucleus (PBG) is the mammalian homologue to the isthmic complex of other vertebrates. Optogenetic stimulation of the PBG induces freezing and escape in mice, a result thought to be caused by a PBG projection to the central nucleus of the amygdala. However, the isthmic complex, including the PBG, has been classically considered satellite nuclei of the Superior Colliculus (SC), which upon stimulation of its medial part also triggers fear and avoidance reactions. As the PBG-SC connectivity is not well characterized, we investigated whether the topology of the PBG projection to the SC could be related to the behavioral consequences of PBG stimulation. To that end, we performed immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and neural tracer injections in the SC and PBG in a diurnal rodent, the Octodon degus. We found that all PBG neurons expressed both glutamatergic and cholinergic markers and were distributed in clearly defined anterior (aPBG) and posterior (pPBG) subdivisions. The pPBG is connected reciprocally and topographically to the ipsilateral SC, whereas the aPBG receives afferent axons from the ipsilateral SC and projected exclusively to the contralateral SC. This contralateral projection forms a dense field of terminals that is restricted to the medial SC, in correspondence with the SC representation of the aerial binocular field which, we also found, in O. degus prompted escape reactions upon looming stimulation. Therefore, this specialized topography allows binocular interactions in the SC region controlling responses to aerial predators, suggesting a link between the mechanisms by which the SC and PBG produce defensive behaviors

Tailoring activated carbons for the development of specific adsorbents of gasoline vapors

The specific adsorption of oxygenated and aliphatic gasoline components onto activated carbons (ACs) was studied under static and dynamic conditions. Ethanol and n-octane were selected as target molecules. A highly porous activated carbon (CA) was prepared by means of two processes: carbonization and chemical activation of olive stone residues. Different types of oxygenated groups, identified and quantified by TPD and XPS, were generated on the CA surface using an oxidation treatment with ammonium peroxydisulfate and then selectively removed by thermal treatments, as confirmed by TPD results. Chemical and porous transformations were carefully analyzed throughout these processes and related to their VOC removal performance. The analysis of the adsorption process under static conditions and the thermal desorption of VOCs enabled us to determine the total adsorption capacity and regeneration possibilities. Breakthrough curves obtained for the adsorption process carried out under dynamic conditions provided information about the mass transfer zone in each adsorption bed. While n-octane adsorption is mainly determined by the porosity of activated carbons, ethanol adsorption is related to their surface chemistry, and in particular is enhanced by the presence of carboxylic acid groups.This work is supported by the MICINN-FEDER, project CTM2010-18889

Pulsatile flow in coronary bifurcations for different stenting techniques

The objective of this work is to analyze the local hem odynamic changes caused in a coronary bifurcation by three different stenting techniques: simple stenting of the main vessel, simple stenting of the main vessel with kissing balloon in the side branch and culotte. To carry out this study an idealized geometry of a coronary bifurcation is used, and two bifurcation angles, 45º and 90º, are chosen as representative of the wide variety of re al configurations. In order to quantify the influence of the stenting technique on the local blood flow, both numeri- cal simulations and experimental measurements are performed. First, steady simulations are carried out with the commercial code ANSYS-Fluent, and then, experimental measurements with PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) obtained in the laboratory are used to validate the numerical simulation. The steady computational simulations show a good overall agreement with the experimental data. Second, pulsatile flow is considered to take into account the tran- sient effects. The time averaged wall shear stress, scillatory shear index and pressure drop obtained numerically are used to compare the behavior of the stenting techniques

Tomás Romay y Chacón: figura higienista más cimera de la medicina en Cuba

Introducción: Tomás Romay y Chacón, figura representativa de las Ciencias Médicas que llegó a convertirse en una personalidad de la Medicina científica, fue por entero un médico en la dimensión universal del siglo XVIII y por su propio y solo esfuerzo un autodidacta. Objetivo: valorar la personalidad de Tomás Romay y Chacón como figura cimera de las Ciencias Médicas. Método: fueron empleados métodos teóricos como la revisión documental, análisis y síntesis, método inductivo-deductivo, hipotético deductivo e histórico-lógico. Desarrollo: Tomás Romay y Chacón, trigésimo tercer graduado de Medicina en nuestro país, cuenta en su currículo con más de 30 obras publicadas sobre sus investigaciones en el campo de las Ciencias Médicas, las que le atribuyen diversos y vastos conocimientos en esta rama. Sin embargo, su obra cumbre "Disertación sobre la fiebre maligna llamada vulgarmente vómito negro, enfermedad epidémica de las Indias Occidentales" representa no solo la máxima expresión de su investigación sobre las características de la enfermedad sino la joya primogénita de nuestra bibliografía científica. Conclusiones: Tomás Romay le comunicó carácter científico a la Medicina en Cuba, dotándola de medios concretos para su solidificación, a la vez que la elevó a la posición de ciencia social fraguada en la tarea de la prevención como terapéutica contra los males

Etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of cholestasis

Normal hepatobiliary function depends on an adequate bile flow from the liver through the biliary tree to the gallbladder, where bile is stored and concentrated, and from the gallbladder to the duodenum when it is required for the digestive process. Interruption of this secretory function results in partial or complete cholestasis, which is accompanied by important repercussions due to the lack of bile acids in the intestine and their regurgitation from hepatocytes to blood together with potentially toxic compounds that are normally eliminated in bile. The presence of active and selective transporter proteins located at both poles of the plasma membrane of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and epithelial cells of the ileal mucosa, together with the ability of hepatocytes to synthesize bile acids from cholesterol, enables the so-called bile acid enterohepatic circulation, which is essential in liver and gastrointestinal tract physiology. The presence in the ducts of the biliary tree of agents reducing their luminal diameter by external compression or space-occupying obstacles, either in the duct wall or its lumen, can result in total or partial obstructive cholestasis. The clinical impact and management of cholestasis are different depending on the intrahepatic or extrahepatic location of the obstacle. Thus, surgical interventions can often be helpful in removing extrahepatic obstructions and restoring normal bile flow to the duodenum. In contrast, hepatocyte or cholangiocyte damage, either global, restricted to subcellular compartments, or more specifically affecting the elements of the canalicular secretory machinery, may result in hepatocellular cholestasis or cholangiopathies. In these cases, bile flow interruption is usually partial and, except for extremely severe cases when liver transplantation is required, these patients often treated with pharmacological agents, such as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and rifampicin. The present review gathers updated information on the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiological aspects of different types of cholestasis

Gemini multi-conjugate adaptive optics system review II: Commissioning, operation and overall performance

The Gemini Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics System - GeMS, a facility instrument mounted on the Gemini South telescope, delivers a uniform, near diffraction limited images at near infrared wavelengths (0.95 microns- 2.5 microns) over a field of view of 120 arc seconds. GeMS is the first sodium layer based multi laser guide star adaptive optics system used in astronomy. It uses five laser guide stars distributed on a 60 arc seconds square constellation to measure for atmospheric distortions and two deformable mirrors to compensate for it. In this paper, the second devoted to describe the GeMS project, we present the commissioning, overall performance and operational scheme of GeMS. Performance of each sub-system is derived from the commissioning results. The typical image quality, expressed in full with half maximum, Strehl ratios and variations over the field delivered by the system are then described. A discussion of the main contributor to performance limitation is carried-out. Finally, overheads and future system upgrades are described.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA