Pay-To-Stay Programs in California Jails

When a person has committed a criminal offense, he or she must be punished to vindicate the law, to acknowledge the suffering of the victim, and to deter future crimes. Imprisonment—the method commonly used to carry out this punishment—becomes increasingly problematic when our jails and prisons, especially in California, are bursting at the seams. As the Sheriff of the eighth largest jail system in the nation, I am responsible for the confinement and care of thousands of inmates in the Orange County Jail system. With a growing inmate population and a shortage of beds, I continue to look for new and innovative ways to house local inmates while they serve their debt to society. Pay-to-stay jails is one method that has received recent attention in the media. California regulations circumscribe pay-to stay programs, ensuring that the programs provide a useful supplement to standard correctional strategies—and that the purported disparities that inform the popular conceptions of the programs are never realized

Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Whatsapp sebagai Sarana Diskusi antara Pengawas dan Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam

Aplikasi media sosial khususnya WhatsApp saat ini sudah semakin banyak digunakan, hal ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana diskusi antara pengawas dan guru pendidikan agama Islam. Penggunaan aplikasi WhatsApp ini dapat membantu mempermudah diskusi karena tidak terkendala jarak dan waktu. Rumusan masalah yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) bagaimana  memanfaatkan WhatsApp sebagai sarana diskusi antara pengawas dan guru pendidikan agama Islam?; (2) bagaimana efepktifitas pemanfaatan  aplikasi WhatsApp sebagai Sarana diskusi antara pengawas dan guru pendidikan agama Islam?. Metode Penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif.Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian sebanyak 8 orang yang merupakan guru-guru pendidikan agama Islam yang berada di bawah bimbingan dari peneliti yang juga sebagai pengawas. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Memanfaatkan WhatsApp sebagai Sarana diskusi antara pengawas dan guru pendidikan agama Islam dapat dilakukan dengan cara membuat akun WhatsApp terlebih dahulu, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan membuat grup chating WhatsApp, dan selanjutnya dengan menggunakan grup chating WhatsApp tersebut digunakan sebagai sarana diskusi antara pengawas dan guru pendidikan agama Islam, baik itu berupa diskusi pemecahan masalah di sekolah maupun pertukaran informasi; dan (2) pemanfaatan  aplikasi WhatsApp sebagai sarana diskusi antara pengawas dan guru pendidikan agama Islam secara keseluruhan berdasarkan kuisioner yang telah diisi oleh guru pendidikan agama Islam adalah efektif

Utilization Of Technology In Academic Supervision

Abstract:  The use of technology has now penetrated all aspects, including the education aspect. Education Supervision as education quality assurance has also used technology in the process. This article aims to find out the technology used in academic supervision, as well as to explore the advantages of that technology. The research method used is a literature review; the data source is scientific articles from the Google Scholar database. Data retrieval using the help of the Publish or Perish (harzing) application. The research results found that the technologies used in the supervision of education were: Google Form Applications, Zoom Meeting Applications, Google Spreadsheet Applications, Web-Based Technology, E-Quality Supervision Applications, and Online Internet-Based Technologies. Many advantages are found in the use of this technology, namely: effective and efficient supervision process, supervision can be done online, the collected data can be accessed online, and the data is appropriately archived. The results of this study recommend the use of technology in academic supervision in order to achieve effective and efficient academic supervision.Abstrak: Pemanfaatan teknologi saat ini sudah merambah seluruh aspek, tak terkecuali aspek Pendidikan. Supervisi Pendidikan sebagai penjaminan mutu Pendidikan juga sudah menggunakan teknologi dalam prosesnya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknologi yang digunakan dalam supervisi akademik, serta mengekplorasi keunggulan dari teknologi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa literature review, sumber data berupa artikel ilmiah yang diambil dari data base google scholar. Pengambilan data menggunakan bantuan aplikasi Publish or Perish (harzing). Hasil penelitian ditemukan teknologi yang dimanfaatkan dalam supervisi Pendidikan berupa: Aplikasi Google Form, Aplikasi Zoom Meeting, Aplikasi Google Spreadsheet, teknologi Berbasis Web, Aplikasi E-Supervisi Mutu, dan Teknologi Berbasis Internet Online. Banyak keuntungan yang ditemukan dalam pemanfaatan teknologi ini, yaitu: efektif dan efisiennya proses supervisi, supervisi dapat dilakukan secara daring, data yang terkumpul dapat diakses secara online, serta data-data terarsip dengan baik. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk penggunaan teknologi dalam supervisi akademik, demi tercapainya supervisi akademik yang efektif dan efisien

The effects of cage-divided housing on anxiety and working memory in mice

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019Os ratinhos são seres sociais e que no seu habitat natural vivem em grupo. Devido a requisitos de protocolo ou para proteção do animal em casos de agressão contra os companheiros de gaiola, os ratinhos de laboratório têm que ser alojados individualmente durante a realização das experiências. As conclusões acerca das consequências que podem advir do alojamento individual dos ratinhos são contraditórias, mas a sugestão geral é que o alojamento individual deste animal está associado a um aumento da ansiedade e prejudica a memória, podendo afetar assim a replicabilidade dos resultados. Na tentativa de diminuir os efeitos negativos associados ao alojamento individual, criámos um novo tipo de gaiola. Esta inclui um divisor que impede o contacto físico entre os ratinhos, mas que permite o contacto olfativo e visual. O objetivo deste estudo é, portanto, investigar o processamento da ansiedade e da memória nos ratinhos alojados neste novo tipo de gaiola comparativamente com os ratinhos alojados em pares e individualmente. Ratinhos machos C57BL/6 de 8 semanas de idade forma divididos em três grupos que diferiam no modo de alojamento: alojamento individual, alojamento em pares e alojamento em pares na nova gaiola com divisor durante quatro ou dez semanas. Após esse período foram realizados testes comportamentais, “Fear Conditioning” e o teste de supressão de dexametasona. Primeiro, foi realizado o teste de Alternância Espontânea (Y-maze), onde se avaliou a memória de trabalho e as atividades locomotora e exploratória dos ratinhos. Os resultados não diferiam entre os grupos. O teste de campo aberto (Open Field) também não revelou quaisquer diferenças relativamente à atividade locomotora e comportamento ansioso. O teste de labirinto elevado (Elevated Plus Maze) foi também realizado. Neste, o tempo gasto nos braços abertos e a distância total percorrida também não diferiam entre os três grupos, confirmando os resultados obtidos no teste anterior. Relativamente ao “Fear Conditioning”, também podemos afirmar que não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos experimentais. Por último, o teste de supressão da dexametasona foi realizado para avaliar a responsividade do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HPA). Alguns ratinhos foram tratados com dexametasona (análogo sintético da corticosterona), a qual consegue através de um mecanismo de feedback negativo suprimir a libertação de corticosterona nos ratinhos. Todos os grupos apresentaram níveis basais de corticosterona semelhantes entre eles. Dissecámos as glândulas supra-renais e a hipófise para análise posterior, pois o peso das glândulas supra-renais está associado à ansiedade e ao stress. O peso da glândula pituitária e adrenal normalizado em relação ao peso corporal não diferiu significativamente entre os grupos experimentais. Assim, os nossos resultados sugerem que tanto as quatro como as dez semanas de alojamento individual não afetaram a ansiedade nem a memória dos ratinhos, um tópico muito debatido em vista do bem-estar animal. As observações comportamentais foram consistentes com os níveis séricos de corticosterona, pois o teste de supressão da dexametasona sugeriu que não existia desregulação do eixo HPA em nenhuma das condições experimentais. Ambas as guidelines Americana e Europeias continuam a defender a importância de manter os ratos e ratinhos alojados em grupo. No entanto, resultados obtidos não mostram qualquer influência do alojamento individual no bem-estar do animal. Mais estudos são necessários para confirmar estes resultados e para compreender melhor o modo como a ansiedade e a memória são afetadas pelas condições de alojamento dos ratinhos de laboratório.Mice are social beings and they live in group in their natural habitat. Due to protocol requirements or for animal protection in case of aggression against cage mates, laboratory mice are individually housed during some experiments. The conclusions about the consequences that can result from the individual accommodation of mice are contradictory, but a general suggestion is that the individual accommodation of the mouse is associated with increased anxiety and impaired memory, what can influence the replicability of results. To lessen the effects associated with individual housing, we created a new type of cage. This cage includes a cage divider that separates mice and prevents physical contact between mice but allows visual and olfactory contact. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate how housing in this new type of cage affects anxiety and working memory compared with mice that are paired and individually housed. Male eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups that differ in the mode of housing: individual housing, paired housed and paired in a new divider cage. They were housed for either four or ten weeks. After this period, several behavioural tests, fear conditioning and the dexamethasone suppression test were performed. First, the Y-maze Spontaneous Alternation test was performed, which assesses working memory, locomotive and exploratory activities of the mice. These parameters did not differ between groups. The open field test also revealed no significant differences in locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior. The elevated plus maze test was also performed and revealed that the time spent in the open arms and the total distance travelled did not differ between the three groups, confirming the results obtained in the previous tests. Additionally, the Fear Conditioning test confirmed that housing conditions did not affect anxiety-like behavior in neither of the three groups. Finally, the dexamethasone suppression test was performed to assess the responsiveness of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Finally, mice were treated with the synthetic corticosterone analogue dexamethasone, which can, through a negative feedback mechanism, suppress corticosterone release in the mouse. There were no differences in corticosterone levels between the groups. We dissected the adrenal glands and pituitary gland for further analysis, as the weight of the adrenal glands is associated with anxiety and stress. The weight of the pituitary gland and adrenal gland normalized against body weight did not significantly differ between experimental groups. Therefore, our results suggest that both four weeks and ten weeks of individual accommodation do not affect the anxiety or memory of mice, a much-debated topic in view of animal welfare. Results obtained in the behavioural tests corresponded with corticosterone levels, as the dexamethasone suppression test suggested that there is no HPA axis dysregulation under any of the experimental conditions. Both the American and European guidelines continue to defend the importance of keeping rats and mice group housed. However, the results obtained in this study indicate that individual housing up to ten weeks does not affect anxiety and working memory. Further studies are required to confirm these results and to gain a better and more in depth understanding on how anxiety-like behavior and working memory are affected by various housing conditions in laboratory mice.Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB); Hospital Cuf Descobertas; Farmácia Aguia

Pengaruh Sertifikasi Guru terhadap Kinerja Guru Agama di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh sertifikasi guru terhadap kinerja guru agama di Sekolah Dasar (SD) Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah; dan (2) perbedaan kinerja guru agama di SD Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah yang bersertifikasi dan belum bersertifikasi. Populasi penelitian yang akan diambil adalah 10 guru agama di SD Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah yang berada di empat kecamatan, kecamatan Pagar Jati, kecamatan Merigi Sakti, kecamatan Bang Haji, dan kecamatan Pematang Tiga, pada tahun 2016. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 10 indikator, Variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah kinerja guru. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini adalah metode angket (kuesioner). Pengujian alat pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Uji Hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana, uji normalitas, dan uji beda. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) H1. Ada pengaruh sertifikasi profesi guru terhadap kinerja guru agama di SD Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah; dan (2) H2. Ada perbedaan kinerja guru agama di SD Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah yang bersertifikasi dan belum bersertifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1) Sertifikasi profesi guru tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru guru agama di SD Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah; dan (2) Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara kinerja guru agama bersertifikasi dan belum bersertifikasi di SD Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah

Pengaruh Absensi Finger Print terhadap Kinerja Guru Pai Tersertifikasi di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah

Absensi finger print telah digunakan pada guru-guru Pendidikan Agama Islam yang ada di bawah naungan Kementerian agama, dalam hal ini penulis merasa tertarik untuk meneliti pengaruh penerapan absensi finger print terhadap kinerja guru PAI tersertifikasi di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Rumusan Masalah dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut: (1) Bagaimana persepsi guru PAI tersertifikasi terhadap absensi finger print di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah?; (2) Bagaimana kinerja guru PAI tersertifikasi di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah?; dan Apakah absensi finger print berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru PAI tersertifikasi di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah?. Adapun hipotesis dari penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Ho : absensi finger print tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru tersertifikasi di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah; dan (2) Ha : absensi finger print berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru tersertifikasi di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif bersifat korelasional. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa: (1) Persepsi absensi finger print guru tersertifikasi di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah berada pada tingkatan baik dengan rata-rata skor 138.8; (2) Kinerja guru tersertifikasi di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah berada pada tingkatan baik dengan rata-rata skor 112.8; dan (3) Persepsi absensi finger print tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru tersertifikasi di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah

Pay-To-Stay Programs in California Jails

When a person has committed a criminal offense, he or she must be punished to vindicate the law, to acknowledge the suffering of the victim, and to deter future crimes. Imprisonment—the method commonly used to carry out this punishment—becomes increasingly problematic when our jails and prisons, especially in California, are bursting at the seams. As the Sheriff of the eighth largest jail system in the nation, I am responsible for the confinement and care of thousands of inmates in the Orange County Jail system. With a growing inmate population and a shortage of beds, I continue to look for new and innovative ways to house local inmates while they serve their debt to society. Pay-to-stay jails is one method that has received recent attention in the media. California regulations circumscribe pay-to stay programs, ensuring that the programs provide a useful supplement to standard correctional strategies—and that the purported disparities that inform the popular conceptions of the programs are never realized

H3 internationalization to Brazil

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economicsh3 is a Portuguese firm competing in the fast food market with a hamburger gourmet concept. The firm is now a strong player in Portugal (39 stores); Poland, Warsaw (1 store); Spain, Madrid (1 store) and Brazil, São Paulo (2 stores). As a result of their successes in the domestic market, internationalization was a natural step. One of the major challenges the firm faces is the model to use in expanding into the Brazilian market. The aim of this project is to suggest to the firm the best approach for h3 in their expansion into Brazil. In order to assess the best mode of entry into new markets within Brazil, an in depth analysis of the h3 success performance in Portugal is necessary. By analyzing the Brazilian fast food market, we can see to what extent these markets achieve and do not achieve parity. As we shall see from the analysis, expansion is completely viable within the Brazilian market, to the states of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia and Estado Federal. Furthermore, the existing model h3 uses in its current Brazilian stores, that is, a joint venture model with h3 and its Brazilian partners as the master franchiser, will be the most successful route to rapid expansion in the region and in ensuring that competitors do not steal the concept h3 has pioneered