Fearless Friday Naima Scott & Caroline Lewis

In this week’s edition of Fearless Friday, SURGE is honoring Naima Scott and Caroline Lewis for all the work they have done in our community as well as working on this year’s Vagina Monologues. [excerpt

Cytokine tuning of intestinal epithelial function

The intestine serves as both our largest single barrier to the external environment and the host of more immune cells than any other location in our bodies. Separating these potential combatants is a single layer of dynamic epithelium composed of heterogeneous epithelial subtypes, each uniquely adapted to carry out a subset of the intestine’s diverse functions. In addition to its obvious role in digestion, the intestinal epithelium is responsible for a wide array of critical tasks, including maintaining barrier integrity, preventing invasion by microbial commensals and pathogens, and modulating the intestinal immune system. Communication between these epithelial cells and resident immune cells is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and coordinating appropriate responses to disease and can occur through cell-to-cell contact or by the release or recognition of soluble mediators. The objective of this review is to highlight recent literature illuminating how cytokines and chemokines, both those made by and acting on the intestinal epithelium, orchestrate many of the diverse functions of the intestinal epithelium and its interactions with immune cells in health and disease. Areas of focus include cytokine control of intestinal epithelial proliferation, cell death, and barrier permeability. In addition, the modulation of epithelial-derived cytokines and chemokines by factors such as interactions with stromal and immune cells, pathogen and commensal exposure, and diet will be discussed

Transforming \u27International Aid\u27 to \u27International Partnerships\u27: An Analysis of the U.S. Voluntourism Industry

This thesis examines the United States’ international humanitarian voluntourism industry. Four organizations are studied from various realms of aid, these organizations include the Peace Corps, United Planet, Break Away, and Cru and their humanitarian ministry, Unto. Key themes that are relevant to all the organizations studied are defined and interpreted. These organizations’ training efforts to promote ethical voluntourism are closely examined and critiqued. Finally, several improvements are suggested at the end of this thesis that serve as suggestions for ways in which the voluntourism industry can improve their partnerships with their host communities

A comparative re-examination of Anglo-Irish relations in nineteenth-century Manchester, Liverpool and Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

Large charts relating to this thesis have not been filmed, please apply direct to the issuing universitySIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DX202167 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Reflection: Caroline Ruocco Scott

https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/legacy1968/1007/thumbnail.jp

The properties of molecular ions

This thesis presents the results of a series of experimental investigations of the single and double ionization of atmospheric molecules. In particular, the formation and dissociation of singly and doubly charged molecular ions are studied using electron-impact time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ion-ion coincidence techniques. The target atmospheric molecules under investigation are dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), nitric acid (HNO3), chlorine dioxide (OCIO) and chlorine monoxide (CI2O). These molecules are thought to play significant roles in the atmospheric ozone cycle as the sources of ozone-destroying radicals. However, despite the potential atmospheric importance of these reactive molecules and the interest in their photodissociation and spectroscopic properties, there have been relatively few investigations of their ionization. In the single ionization studies, electron-impact time-of-flight mass spectrometry is used to determine the relative partial single ionization cross sections of the ions produced upon single ionization of the target molecules from near threshold to 500 eV. In the case of N2O5 and HNO3, the appearance energies of previously unobserved fragment ions are also reported. The first investigations of the double ionization of the target species are also reported in this thesis. In order to study the formation and fragmentation of the doubly charged molecular ions (dications), ion-ion coincidence techniques coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry have been developed. One and two-dimensional coincidence experiments have been performed, where the distinction between these experiments arises from the dimensionality of the data set recorded. In the one-dimensional experiments, comparisons of the experimentally determined appearance energies for the dication dissociation reactions with the energetics derived from the kinetic energy release involved in these dissociation processes give (i) an indication of the mechanisms by which the doubly-charged molecules dissociate and (ii) the energy of the dication electronic states which are the source of the fragment ions. From the 2D coincidence spectra, analysis of the ion pair intensities and peak slopes can also be inteipreted to yield information concerning dication dissociation mechanisms. These investigations have led to the first evaluation of the ratio of double-to-single ionization cross sections for CI2O, OCIO and HNO3. In addition, first estimates of the double ionization energy of N2O5, HNO3, OCIO and CI2O and the development of the first models of their decay dynamics have also been made

The Mg/Ca–temperature relationship in brachiopod shells: calibrating a potential palaeoseasonality proxy

Brachiopods are long-lived, long-ranging, extant organisms, of which some groups precipitate a relatively diagenetically stable low magnesium calcite shell. Previous work has suggested that the incorporation of Mg into brachiopod calcite may be controlled by temperature (Brand et al., 2013). Here we build upon this work by using laser ablation sampling to define the intra-shell variations in two modern brachiopod species,Terebratulina retusa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Liothyrella neozelanica (Thomson, 1918). We studied three T. retusa shells collected live from the Firth of Lorne, Scotland, which witnessed annual temperature variations on the order of 7 °C, in addition to four L. neozelanica shells, which were dredged from a water depth transect (168–1488 m) off the north coast of New Zealand. The comparison of intra-shell Mg/Ca profiles with shell δ<sup>18</sup>O confirms a temperature control on brachiopod Mg/Ca and supports the use of brachiopod Mg/Ca as a palaeoseasonality indicator. Our preliminary temperature calibrations are Mg/Ca = 1.76 ± 0.27 e<sup>(0.16 ± 0.03)T</sup>, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.75, for T. retusa and Mg/Ca = 0.49 ± 1.27 e<sup>(0.2 ± 0.11)T</sup>, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.32, for L. neozelanica (errors are 95% confidence intervals)