Increase of cd4+cd25highfoxp3+ cells impairs in vitro human microbicidal activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis during latent and acute pulmonary tuberculosis

50204076]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Stringari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, modulating host responses while neutralizing excessive inflammation. However, their impact on regulating host protective immunity is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that Treg cells abrogate the in vitro microbicidal activity against Mtb. Methods We evaluated the in vitro microbicidal activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with active tuberculosis (TB), individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI, TST+/IGRA+) and healthy control (HC, TST-/IGRA-) volunteers. PBMCs, depleted or not of CD4+CD25+ T-cells, were analyzed to determine frequency and influence on microbicidal activity during in vitro Mtb infection with four clinical isolates (S1, S5, R3, and R6) and one reference strain (H37Rv). Results The frequency of CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ cells were significantly higher in Mtb infected whole blood cultures from both TB patients and LTBI individuals when compared to HC. Data from CD4+CD25+ T-cells depletion demonstrate that increase of CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ is associated with an impairment of Th-1 responses and a diminished in vitro microbicidal activity of LTBI and TB groups. Conclusions Tregs restrict host anti-mycobacterial immunity during active disease and latent infection and thereby may contribute to both disease progression and pathogen persistence.publishersversionpublishe

Lower insulin-dose adjusted A1c (IDAA1c) is associated with less complications in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes treated with hematopoetic stem-cell transplantation and conventional therapy

Objective: To evaluate the association between insulin-dose adjusted A1C (IDAA1c) and microvascular complications (MC) and hypoglycemia in a representative Brazilian population of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Research Design and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on a previous study, “Microvascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes: a comparative analysis of patients treated with autologous nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHST) and conventional medical therapy (CT)”. The 168 patients in that study (144 from CT plus 24 from AHST) were re-subdivided into two groups, according to their IDAA1c values (30 patients had IDAA1c ≤ 9; 138 had IDAA1c > 9). Then, the prevalence of MC (diabetic renal disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy), hypoglycemia (blood glucose <60 mg/dL), and severe hypoglycemic (episode of hypoglycemia that required the assistance of another person to treat) events were compared between the groups. The groups were well-matched on these factors: duration of disease, sex, and age at the time of diagnosis of T1DM. Results: After an average of 8 years after diagnosis, only 6.6% (2/30) of the patients from IDAA1c ≤ 9 group developed any MC, whereas 21.0% (29/138) from the IDAA1c > 9 group had at least one complication (p = 0.044). Regarding hypoglycemic events, the proportion of individuals who reported at least 1 episode of hypoglycemia in the last month was 43.3 and 64.7% from the IDAA1c ≤ 9 and IDAA1c > 9 groups, respectively (p = 0.030). Regarding severe hypoglycemia, the proportion of patients presenting at least one episode in the last month and the rate of episode/patient/month were similar between groups (6.7 vs. 13.2%; p = 0.535; and 0.1/patient/month vs. 0.25/patient/month; p = 0.321). Conclusion: In a representative Brazilian population of T1DM patients, those with IDAA1c ≤ 9 presented a lower frequency of MC, as well as fewer episodes of hypoglycemia, in the month prior to the analysis.publishedVersio

Practices Promoting Changes in the Everyday Life of the Public School: Project ECOAR

The daily life of the public school has been a great challenge for teachers, technicians, employees, students and their families on the different forms of violence that mark social relations and impact the development of children. In order for the school environment to be a development promoter, facing the impacts of violence and preventing emotional and social problems, actions must be jointly planned to promote substantial changes in the life of the school. In this article, we seek to present the ECOAR Project (Space for Living, Action and Reflection) as a possibility for Psychology in the School to construct preventive actions facing violence and promote the integral development of children and adolescents. Some main points of the fundamentals that support this proposal will be presented, as well as some actions developed with the objective of promoting the changes evaluated by the project team as necessary. It is intended to present the importance of the professional of Psychology presence with teachers in the daily life of the school acting in an integrated and participatory way, drawing attention to the fact that the school and its dynamics are not separated from the real world of each of its subjects

Os bisfosfonatos realmente trazem benefícios quanto à redução de fratura óssea? / Are bisphosphonates really beneficial in reducing bone fractures?

Os bisfosfonatos estão no ramo reumatológico com o intuito de reduzir as fraturas ósseas vertebrais e não vertebrais a mais de duas décadas. São utilizados mais frequentemente por mulheres na pós-menopausa, as quais apresentam maiores números de população com osteoporoses e consequentes fraturas por essa perda mineral óssea. O tratamento com os bisfosfonatos possuem efeitos adversos principalmente em relações aos efeitos colaterais em tratamentos prolongados, os quais são causas de questionamento sobre sua indicação, isso porque, além dos efeitos colaterais, estudos mostram que essa pode ser uma terapia que não gera resultados no aumento da densitometria óssea dos pacientes em risco e em alguns casos, chegam a trazer malefícios para o paciente como o aumento de fraturas. Portanto, o tratamento com o uso de bisfosfonatos por meio dos estudos apresentados não são justificados devido a possibilidade da maleficência ao paciente que é vetado ao médico de acordo com o código de ética médica

Naturally Acquired Humoral Immunity against Malaria Parasites in Non-Human Primates from the Brazilian Amazon, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest.

Plasmodium - Plasmodium brasilianum - P. malariae - P. malariae - P. falciparum - P. vivax - Plasmodium content: - "Non-human primates (NHPs) have been shown to be infected by parasites of the genus " - ", the etiological agent of malaria in humans, creating potential risks of zoonotic transmission. " - ", a parasite species similar to " - " of humans, have been described in NHPs from Central and South America, including Brazil. The merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), besides being a malaria vaccine candidate, is highly immunogenic. Due to such properties, we tested this protein for the diagnosis of parasite infection. We used recombinant proteins of " - " MSP1, as well as of " - " and " - ", for the detection of antibodies anti-MSP1 of these parasite species, in the sera of NHPs collected in different regions of Brazil. About 40% of the NHP sera were confirmed as reactive to the proteins of one or more parasite species. A relatively higher number of reactive sera was found in animals from the Atlantic Forest than those from the Amazon region, possibly reflecting the former more intense parasite circulation among NHPs due to their proximity to humans at a higher populational density. The presence of " - " positive NHPs in the surveyed areas, being therefore potential parasite reservoirs, needs to be considered in any malaria surveillance program.

PANORAMA CLÍNICO-EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE CASOS CONFIRMADOS DE MENINGITE NA POPULAÇÃO PEDIÁTRICA BRASILEIRA : ANÁLISE DE 10 ANOS

Meningitis is a public health problem that can affect any age group, but is especially common in children, as its etiological agents are bacteria, viruses, parasites and, rarely, non-infectious causes. The majority of clinical symptoms present as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tachycardia, hypotension and petechiae on the skin. Thus, the study aims to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of cases of meningitis, in Brazil, in pediatric patients, over 10 years. This is a descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study carried out using secondary data obtained by DATASUS and the Hospital Morbidity System (SINAN). The variables analyzed were: year of notification, capital of residence, age group, education level, color/race, sex, gestational period, type of dengue, confirmation criteria, evolution and hospitalization. Regarding the age range, individuals under 1 year old to 14 years old were considered. The most prevalent age group is preschool children between 1 and 4 years old (34.02%), male (59%), white (48.89%), residents of the State of São Paulo (40% ), confirming the diagnosis mainly through chemocytological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, it is noted that the most prevalent etiology is viral. Therefore, carrying out additional investigations into the prevalence of meningitis in the Brazilian population is crucial for the development of public policies aimed at preventing and controlling the disease.A meningite é um&nbsp; problema de saúde pública que pode acometer qualquer faixa etária, porém tem-se um destaque para crianças, ela possui como agentes etiológicos bactérias, vírus, parasitas e, raramente, causas não infecciosas. Os quadros clínicos apresentam-se, em sua maioria, através de náuseas, vômitos, diarreia, taquicardia, hipotensão e petéquias na pele. Dessa maneira, o estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de casos de meningite, no Brasil, em pacientes pediátricos, em 10 anos.&nbsp; Trata-se de um estudo descritivo,retrospectivo e quantitativo realizado através de dados secundários obtidos pelo DATASUS e Sistema de Morbidade Hospitalar (SINAN). As variáveis analisadas foram: ano de notificação, capital de residência, faixa etária, nível de escolaridade, cor/raça, sexo, período gestacional, tipo de dengue,&nbsp; critério de confirmação, evolução e hospitalização. Com relação à faixa etária, considerou indivíduos menores de 1 ano a 14 anos.&nbsp; A faixa etária mais prevalente é a de crianças pré escolares entre 1 a 4 anos de idade (34,02%), do sexo masculino (59%) , brancas (48,89%), residentes do Estado de São Paulo (40%), apresentando confirmação de diagnóstico majoritamente por exame quimiocitológico do líquor. Ademais, nota-se que a etiologia mais prevalente é a viral. Desse modo,&nbsp; a realização de investigações adicionais sobre a prevalência da meningite na população brasileira é crucial para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas destinadas à prevenção e controle da doença

Applications of platelet- and leukocyte-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Introduction: Oral and maxillofacial surgery plays a crucial role in the reconstruction and restoration of facial structures, seeking to improve both aesthetics and function. The use of platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) represents a notable advance, accelerating healing and improving surgical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This review covers 710 studies from various electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar). The aim is to thoroughly investigate the applications of platelet- and leukocyte-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology. Results: The analysis reveals that L-PRF stands out as an effective autologous therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Its application shows remarkable potential for accelerating the healing process, contributing significantly to the effectiveness of procedures. Discussion: L-PRF has emerged as an excellent choice in oral and maxillofacial surgery and traumatology, improving both the aesthetic and functional aspects of facial reconstructions. This highlights the relevance of this autologous therapy and its benefits in surgical practice. Conclusion: The applications of platelet and leukocyte-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology are fundamental and promising. This advance represents not only a means of accelerating healing, but also a significant contribution to better aesthetic and functional results in surgical procedures in this area.Introduction: Oral and maxillofacial surgery plays a crucial role in the reconstruction and restoration of facial structures, seeking to improve both aesthetics and function. The use of platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) represents a notable advance, accelerating healing and improving surgical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This review covers 710 studies from various electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar). The aim is to thoroughly investigate the applications of platelet- and leukocyte-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology. Results: The analysis reveals that L-PRF stands out as an effective autologous therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Its application shows remarkable potential for accelerating the healing process, contributing significantly to the effectiveness of procedures. Discussion: L-PRF has emerged as an excellent choice in oral and maxillofacial surgery and traumatology, improving both the aesthetic and functional aspects of facial reconstructions. This highlights the relevance of this autologous therapy and its benefits in surgical practice. Conclusion: The applications of platelet and leukocyte-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology are fundamental and promising. This advance represents not only a means of accelerating healing, but also a significant contribution to better aesthetic and functional results in surgical procedures in this area

OBESIDADE INFANTIL E ADOLESCENTE E SAÚDE MENTAL: IMPACTOS E FATORES PSICOSSOCIAIS

This article reviews the impacts of childhood and adolescent obesity on mental health and the associated psychosocial factors. Obesity in young individuals is strongly linked to mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Stigmatization and weight-related bullying are critical factors that exacerbate these problems. The family environment, including parents’ mental health and parenting practices, plays a crucial role in shaping children’s and adolescents’ eating and physical activity habits, directly influencing the risk of obesity and psychological issues. Schools can be either supportive or stressful environments, depending on the presence of inclusion programs and health promotion versus bullying and discrimination. Additionally, social and economic factors, such as access to healthy food and opportunities for physical activity, are also important determinants. The review highlights the need for multidisciplinary approaches that integrate physical and mental health promotion, emphasizing collaboration among healthcare professionals, educators, and families to develop effective and sustainable long-term interventions.Este artigo revisa os impactos da obesidade infantil e adolescente na saúde mental e os fatores psicossociais associados. A obesidade em jovens está fortemente ligada a problemas de saúde mental, como depressão, ansiedade e baixa autoestima. A estigmatização e o bullying relacionados ao peso são fatores críticos que agravam esses problemas. O ambiente familiar, incluindo a saúde mental dos pais e as práticas parentais, desempenha um papel crucial na formação dos hábitos alimentares e de atividade física das crianças e adolescentes, influenciando diretamente o risco de obesidade e problemas psicológicos. As escolas, por sua vez, podem ser locais de apoio ou de estresse, dependendo da presença de programas de inclusão e promoção da saúde versus bullying e discriminação. Além disso, fatores sociais e econômicos, como acesso a alimentos saudáveis e oportunidades de atividade física, também são determinantes importantes. A revisão destaca a necessidade de abordagens multidisciplinares que integrem a promoção da saúde física e mental, enfatizando a colaboração entre profissionais de saúde, educadores e famílias para desenvolver intervenções eficazes e sustentáveis a longo prazo

práticas artísticas no ensino básico e secundário

Educação Artística: integrar a inovação. A educação artística apresenta-se como um território a re-cartografar, numa atualização tão rápida quanto aquela que ocorre no campo artístico. As propostas publicadas neste número 11 da Revista Matéria-Prima trazem essa diversidade de abordagens, com novidades conceptuais que estabelecem as devidas relações entre educação e cidadania, participação, sustentabilidade, cultura visual, e também com alguma atenção sobre os debates pós-coloniais e as questões de género. Os 16 artigos reunidos neste 11º número da Revista Matéria-Prima trazem a realidade operativa quer na formação de professores e quer na formulação dos discursos pedagógicos, suas justificações e suas propostas alternativas.As propostas apresentadas devolvem o debate ao terreno, e alargam-no. Provocam as periferias, convocam abordagens diferenciadas sobre o tema da arte e da educação. Em todas elas a proposta de crescimento através da arte, que hoje implica cada vez mais cidadania, crítica, criatividade, interligação, comprometimento, participação.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio