Labour market assimilation of immigrants in Spain: employment at the expense of bad job-matches?

Spain has traditionally been known as a country of emigrants. However, in the last decade, Spain has experienced an unprecedented boom of immigration from three localized areas: Latin America, Africa and East Europe. In this paper, we study the behaviour of recent immigrants in the Spanish labour market identifying the major differences with the native population and tracking whether these differences fade away as their years of residence in Spain increase. With this objective, we focus on four labour market outcomes: labour supply, unemployment, incidence of overeducation and incidence of temporary contracts. Results show that, compared to natives, immigrants face initially higher participation rates, higher unemployment rates, higher incidence of overeducation and higher incidence of temporary contracts. However, five years after their arrival we could broadly say that participation rates start to converge to native rates, unemployment rates decrease to levels even lower than those of natives, and the incidence of temporary contracts and overeducation remains constant: no reduction of the gap with Spanish workers is observed. Therefore, we conclude that the Spanish labour market is managing to absorb the so called, 'immigration boom ', but at the expense of allocating immigrants in bad job-matches.immigration; assimilation; labor force participation; unemployment; overeducation; temporary contracts;

Coupled Extraction/Re-Extraction Method for the Chemical Speciation of Nickel in NaturalWaters

Chemical fractionation and speciation of metals species in natural waters and its relation with bioavailability have received increased attention in recent years. A simple liquid membranes method, based on coupled liquid extraction and re-extraction processes, is proposed to separate and quantify the species of nickel present in water samples. A simplex optimization of chemical variables, such as carrier concentration in the organic solution and nitric acid concentration in the receiving solution, was performed and, under optimized conditions, the extraction system was applied to determine nickel species in water samples at natural level concentrations. A linear relationship was established between extraction e cacy and the concentration of dissolved organic carbon in the samples, allowing the separation and determination of labile and non-labile nickel fractions, since the latter was not transported through the organic solution acting as liquid membrane. When the total and labile concentrations of metals were analyzed in real samples with di erent salinities, no significant di erences were found between the results obtained and those from well-established methods. An average relative error of 1.50 and 2.37 was obtained for total Ni concentration and labile fraction, respectively. Finally, a comparison with the theoretical speciation data calculated with the softwareWinHumic V was successfully performed. Thus, the proposed method allows the simultaneous determination of labile and non-labile nickel fractions, presented as a simple alternative to nickel fractionation in natural waters

Planktonic rotifers of a saline-lowland river : The Salado River (Argentina)

Seasonal samples of zooplankton were taken during 1997-1999 at fifteen stations in the Salado River basin, and analysed in order to study the rotifer fauna. Spatio-temporal changes in the rotifer plankton composition were examined in the main channel and its tributaries. The majority of species found are tolerant of a wide range of pH, whereas others prefer neutral to alkaline values. The total rotifer plankton density increased downstream from the headwaters to the middle sector of the river. The associated shallow lakes and tributaries were an important source of species. Variations in density and number of species were shown to be associated with conductivity, and species tolerant of high conductivity conditions were especially prevalent (upper 7,000 μS cm-1). Rotifer density was influenced by hydrological conditions, which promoted maximum values during low water periods and in the high water condition promoted the incorporation of species from shallow lakes connected with the river during flood events. The species associations found are related to such water parameters as conductivity and nutrient availability and to the presence of ponds and shallow, waterlogged depressions connected in varying extent to the main channel.Fil: Neschuk, Nancy Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Claps, Maria Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Gabellone, Nestor Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; Argentin

Can mHealth Improve Risk Assessment in Underserved Populations? Acceptability of a Breast Health Questionnaire App in Ethnically Diverse, Older, Low-Income Women.

Background: Use of mobile health (mHealth) tools has expanded rapidly but little research has been done on its acceptability by low-income, diverse, older patient populations. Objective: To assess the attitudes of a diverse group of underserved women on the acceptability and usability of mHealth tools in a clinical setting using a breast health questionnaire application (app) at a public hospital mammography clinic. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in a breast-imaging center of an urban safety net institution from July-August 2012. Interviews included pre- and post-questions. Women completed the Athena breast health questionnaire app on an iPad and were asked about their experience and ways to improve the tool. Results: Fifteen women age 45-75 years from diverse ethnic and educational backgrounds were interviewed. The majority of women, 11 of 15, preferred the Athena app over a paper version and all the women thought the app was easy to use. Two Spanish-speaking Latinas preferred paper; and two women, with limited mobile phone use, did not have a preference. Many women indicated that it would be necessary to have staff available for instruction and assistance if the app were to be implemented. Conclusions: mHealth tools are an acceptable, if not preferred, method of collecting health information for diverse, older, low-income women. Further studies are required to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of data collection using mHealth tools in underserved populations. mHealth tools should be explored as a novel way to engage diverse populations to improve clinical care and bridge gaps in health disparities

Determinación de satisfacción con el uso del implante subdérmico de etonogestrel "implanón" como medio de anticoncepción, efectos secundarios y razones para descontinuar el mismo, comparado con otros métodos hormonales de anticoncepción en adolescentes del Valle de Tumbaco

In Ecuador, teen pregnancy is a public health concern. This age group has a high rate of pregnancy and childbirth. For this reason, the family planning projects have incorporated the use of long-term reversible hormonal contraception. An observational analytic cross-sectional study was performed in the Subcentro de Salud de Tumbaco, where we analyzed the satisfaction of using the subdermal etonogestrel implant "Implanon", its side effects and reasons for discontinuing it, compared with other hormonal methods of contraception (injection method Mesygina [norethisterone enanthate + estradiol valerate], medroxyprogesterone acetate "DMPA" / combined oral contraceptive pill [OCP] or progesterone pill) . The clinical records of 299 adolescent women from 12 to 19 years, in the period from January 2012 to December 2013, were reviewed. We found that Implanon users are statistically more satisfied, than users of other hormonal contraceptives (99% vs 60.2 %, . P = < 0.0001 ) . The two groups had adverse effects in less than half the population of users, the most frequent side effect was headache in both groups. Continuation of use is higher in Implanon group, than in the group of users of other hormonal contraceptive methods (98.5 % vs 83.5 %, . P = < 0.0001 ) . As teen pregnancy is a public health problem in our country, the use of safe, reversible, long lasting, and most important, tolerable contraception in this population, is vital to reduce the prevalence of unplanned pregnancies.En el Ecuador, el embarazo en adolescentes es un problema de salud pública. Este grupo etareo presenta una alta tasa de embarazos y partos. Por este motivo, los proyectos de planificación familiar han incorporado el uso de métodos anticonceptivos hormonales reversibles de larga duración. Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de diseño transversal en el Subcentro de Salud de Tumbaco, en donde se analizaron la satisfacción de uso del implante subdérmico de etonogestrel “Implanón”, los efectos secundarios y las razones para descontinuar el mismo, en comparación con otros métodos hormonales de anticoncepción (método inyectable Mesygina [enantato de norestisterona + valerato de estradiol], acetato de medroxiprogesterona “DMPA” / píldora anticonceptiva oral combinada [PAOC] o píldora anticonceptiva de progesterona). Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 299 mujeres adolescentes de 12 a 19 años, en el período de Enero de 2012 a Diciembre de 2013. Se encontró que las usuarias de Implanón están estadísticamente más satisfechas, que las usuarias de otros métodos anticonceptivos hormonales (99% vs. 60.2%; p=<0.0001). Los dos grupos presentaron efectos adversos en menos de la mitad de la población de usuarias, siendo el más frecuente la cefalea en ambos grupos. La continuación de uso es mayor en el grupo de usuarias de Implanón, que en el grupo de usuarias de otros métodos anticonceptivos (98.5 % vs. 83.5%; p = <0.0001). Al ser el embarazo adolescente un problema de salud pública en nuestro país, el uso de anticoncepción segura, reversible, de larga duración, y sobre todo, tolerable en esta población, es de vital importancia para disminuir la prevalencia de embarazos no deseados

THE POLITICS OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES: Borders control and the making of data citizens in Africa

Biometric technologies are complex hardware and software infrastructures that link biometric data such as fingerprints, iris scans, face scans, or DNA data with personal data. A handful of foreign private actors have implemented biometric solutions in more than half of African countries. This paper investigates the politics of biometric artifacts, it looks at how biometric data furnish the basis for the emergence and institutionalization of certain political discourses and power configurations. To this aim, we link the study of biometric data artifacts to the role of private contractors and the full-scale involvement of public institutions in the establishment of border control markets. The empirical context of the research is the work practices of the actors involved in the export of biometric technologies for border security solutions in Namibia. Preliminary findings suggest that the technological and political rationalities of biometric solutions introduce a set of novel problems in the making and management of data profiles. Border control as a political issue seems to be increasingly intermeshed with a logic of economic profit and technological efficiency raising questions of data justice and political accountability

Radioimmunoterapy: a promising therapeutic approach to treat ovarian carcinoma

O cancro do ovário é a neoplasia ginecológica com maior índice de mortalidade entre a população do sexo feminino apesar dos consideráveis progressos verificados no seu tratamento. Caso o diagnóstico seja precoce, a taxa de sobrevida é bastante elevada, mas o cancro do ovário primário é assintomático e na maioria das vezes só é diagnosticado numa fase avançada da doença, resultando num prognóstico pouco favorável. A falta de especificidade das modalidades terapêuticas associada à heterogeneidade das células oncológicas tem limitado a terapia do cancro do ovário. Alguns dos avanços clínicos mais promissores no tratamento do cancro são as terapêuticas dirigidas a alvos específicos, especialmente proteínas sobre expressas em vários tipos de células epiteliais. Neste contexto, a radioimunoterapia com anticorpos monoclonais tem sido explorada nos carcinomas epiteliais que constituem cerca de 90% das neoplasias do ovário. Esta estratégia terapêutica, que tira partido da ação combinada da radiotoxicidade associada aos radionuclídeos para terapia e dos efeitos citotóxicos do anticorpo, pode constituir uma alternativa às terapias convencionais, potenciando a eficácia do tratamento. Neste artigo são abordados aspetos relacionados com o cancro do ovário, nomeadamente o seu diagnóstico e terapia. São ainda revistos, de forma breve, alguns estudos clínicos em que a eficácia de anticorpos monoclonais marcados com radionuclídeos para terapêutica foi avaliada no cancro do ovário.ABSTRACT - Ovarian carcinoma is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women and is the leading cause among gynecologic malignancies. Factors such as the molecular heterogeneity of ovarian tumors and initial diagnosis at advanced stages hamper effective disease treatment. Given the ineffectiveness of current treatments, the development of newer therapeutic modalities for effective ovarian cancer treatment is still needed. Radioimmunotherapy that combines the use of monoclonal antibodies against tumor-associated antigens with the cytotoxic properties of therapeutic radionuclides could be one of these approaches. The potential of monoclonal antibodies to complement current treatment protocols may bring a significant improvement to the overall therapeutic outcomes of the disease. The aim of the present review is to give an overview of published clinical trials of radioimmunotherapy for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma

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