Oliphant v. Schlie: Tribal Criminal Jurisdiction of Non-Indians

Oliphant v. Schlie: Tribal Criminal Jurisdiction Of Non-Indian

Black Caribbeans’ Experience in Transitioning from Dominant to Minority Identity Status

Black Caribbeans who are considered racially dominant in their native countries experience an identity transition from dominant to minority status when immigrating to the United States. Due to the United States assimilation culture, Black Caribbean immigrants are consolidated and expected to adapt to African American identity. Assimilation and consolidation cause Black Caribbean immigrants to transition their identity status from dominant to minority post-migration. Little is known about the experiences of Black Caribbeans\u27 cultural identity transition. The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) study involved exploring Black Caribbeans\u27 transitioning their identity from dominant to minority status. The acculturative stress theory was the theoretical framework used in this study. Data were collected through open-ended and audio-recorded semi-structured interviews with 12 Black Caribbeans. Interviews were analyzed using IPA procedures. The results of this study indicated that Black Caribbeans\u27 cultural identity status transition is multifaceted. Physical environment, social environment, social status, and participants\u27 cultural practices created substantial shifts in cultural identity. Internal and external factors such as cognitive reframing abilities and social interactions played a significant role in cultural identity transitioning, resulting in a positive or negative experience. Findings supported the need for social support from family and community members since stressors are inevitable in Black Caribbeans\u27 cultural identity transition experiences. The results of this study have the potential to be used for positive social change in generating awareness and multicultural competency among clinicians who provide services to Black Caribbeans

Rethinking Mathematics Assessment: Some Reflections on Solution Dynamics as a Way to Enhance Quality Indicators

This paper is intended to offer some reflections on the difficulties associated with the appropriate use of rubric assessment in mathematics at the secondary level, and to provide an overview of an assessment technique, hereafter referred to as solution dynamics, as a way to enhance popular rubric assessment techniques. Two primary aspects of solution dynamics are presented in this manuscript. The first aspect considers how the tasks assigned in mathematics classrooms might be better organized and developed to demonstrate an evolving student understanding of the subject. The second aspect illustrates how revised scoring parameters reduce the potential for scoring inconsistencies stemming from the non-descript language commonly used in rubrics

A QUESTION MODULE FOR ASSESSING COMMUNITY STIGMA TOWARDS HIV IN RURAL INDIA

This paper describes a simple question module to assess community stigma in rural India. Fear of stigma is known to prevent people from seeking HIV testing and to contribute to further disease transmission, yet relatively little attention has been paid to community stigma and ways of measuring it. The module, based on a vignette of a fictional HIV-positive woman, was administered to 494 married women and 186 unmarried male and female adolescents in a village in rural Maharashtra, India. To consider the usefulness of the question module, a series of hypotheses were developed based on the correlations found in other studies between HIV-related stigma and socio-demographic characteristics (age, education, discussion of HIV with others, knowing someone living with HIV, knowledge about its transmission and whether respondents acknowledged stigmatizing attitudes as their own or attributed them to others). Many of the study's hypotheses were confirmed. Among married women, correlates of stigma included older age, lack of discussion of HIV and lack of knowledge about transmission; among adolescents, lower education and lack of discussion of HIV were the most significant correlates. The paper concludes that the question module is a useful tool for investigating the impact of interventions to reduce stigma and augment social support for people living with HIV in rural Indi

Exploring Spaceflight-Associated Changes in Lung Macrophage Profiles

Immune dysregulation is a recognized phenomenon during spaceflight, including impaired macrophage differentiation and function. Activated macrophages exist in polarized phenotypes, such as M1 macrophages, which produce primarily pro-inflammatory mediators and M2 macrophages that are involved in anti-inflammatory processes and tissue repair. Effective macrophage polarization processes are vital for generating appropriate immune responses and facilitating recovery on Earth and in spaceflight. To gain deeper insight into macrophage polarization processes in spaceflight, we analyzed open-sourced, GeneLab lung tissue transcriptional datasets (OSD-248) from mice previously flown on the Rodent Research (RR)-6 mission. Mice were euthanized on-board the ISS after a 60-day mission. Preliminary analysis revealed an overall decrease in both M1/M2 biosignatures in spaceflight compared to ground controls. Interestingly, select M2 biosignatures were significantly reduced compared to M1, suggesting deficits in tolerogenic/anti-inflammatory activity and a shift towards pro-inflammatory states. In a ground-based study simulating spaceflight conditions, male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to simulated galactic cosmic ray radiation combined with hindlimb unloading and social isolation. To assess M1/M2 predominance in the lung and to test the fidelity of a single cell isolation protocol, total macrophages were isolated from frozen-stored lung tissue two weeks post-irradiation exposure. Cells were positively selected for using the F4/80 biomarker, and lung resident and infiltrating macrophage subtypes (M1 and M2) were characterized by flow cytometry, including F4/80, CD170, Arginase-1 (M2), and iNOS (M1). Future studies using tissues from space-flown RR-20 mice will further validate the definition of M1/M2 macrophages in the lung. In summary, characterizing polarized macrophage populations within the lung microenvironment is crucial for advancing our understanding of immune responses in spaceflight, particularly for lunar missions, where astronaut pulmonary physiology will be challenged by unique lunar environmental soil

An Examination of Value Line’s Long-term Projection

Unlike previous papers, which have focused on the timeliness ranks, we examine Value Line’s 3–5 year projections for stock returns, earnings, sales and related measures. We find that Value Line’s stock return and earnings forecasts exhibit large positive bias, although their sales predictions do not. For stock returns, Value Line’s projections lack predictive power; for other variables predictive power may exist to some degree. Our findings suggest the spectacular past performance of the timeliness indicator reflects either close alignment with other known anomalies or data mining, and that investors and researchers should use Value Line’s long-term projections with caution

Preparing For and Living in a Brave New World

Today\u27s generation of autistic people at the precipice of transitioning into adulthood face great opportunity as well as great struggles ahead of them. This workshop will present grassroots personal and professional efforts to develop responsive educational/social programs that lead to quality transitions to college, work opportunities, entrepreneurship possibilities, and daily living/relationship success