A reactive assimilation model for regional-scale cordierite-bearing granitoids: geochemical evidence from the Late Variscan granites of the Central Iberian Zone, Spain

Regional scale biotite and cordierite-bearing granites (s.l.) in the Variscan of the Central Iberian Zone (CIZ) are spatially closely associated with cordierite-rich nebulites and cordierite-bearing two-mica granites, and with cordierite-rich high grade hornfelses and cordieritites (>60% cordierite) that are relatively common in the aureoles of these granites. Building on published field evidence, petrological data are presented which, combined with new chemical and isotopic (Sr-Nd) modelling, indicate that the cordierite-bearing granites cannot be derived by simple anatexis of regional sedimenatry protoliths; but the data are consistent with a process of reactive assimilation that involves the interaction of biotite granite magma with high-grade host rocks ranging from cordierite nebulites to andalusite-bearing cordieritites. The contribution of the postulated cordierite-rich contaminants to the diversity of cordierite granite compositions is modelled using the compositions of regional Lower Cambrian-Upper Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks that are generally chemically mature (CaO very rarely exceeds 1.4%). These rocks include specific horizons in which extreme chemical alteration is attributable to sediment reworking during eustatic falls in sea level. Such compositions may account for the presence of the high concentrations in Al that later produced cordieritites. Fractional crystallisation is also important, particularly in generating the more evolved cordierite granite and cordierite biotite muscovite granite compositions. Although assimilation in situ is normally regarded as a minor contributor volumetrically to evolving plutons, in this instance the emplacement of large volumes of granite magma into a high-T-low-P environment significantly increased the potential for reactive assimilation

Granitoides del Centro Oeste de la Provincia de Salamanca. Clasificación y correlación

[Resumen] En las rocas graníticas de la zona centro-oeste de la provincia de Salamanca, pueden establecerse tres grupos. Los dos primeros formados por leucogranitos y granitos de dos micas de tendencia alcalina, y el tercero por granitos de tendencia calcoalcalina que evolucionan hacia términos alcalinos convergentes con los anteriores. La descripción de estos granitoides así como su correlación con las clasificaciones existentes de dominios regionales, son el objeto del presente trabajo

Implementation of a moving finite element mesh within the catenary-pantograph dynamic interaction

En este artículo se presenta la aplicación tecnológica a la interacción dinámica catenaria-pantógrafo de una metodología propuesta para estructuras flexibles sometidas a cargas móviles. En primer lugar se describe el modelado de una malla móvil de elementos finitos que se desplaza sobre el hilo de contacto de forma solidaria al pantógrafo que recorre la catenaria y, posteriormente, se presenta la comparación de esta metodología frente a un modelo de elementos finitos convencional de malla fija. El caso simulado corresponde al propuesto por la norma EN-50318, obteniendo resultados acordes a los intervalos de validación propuestos por dicha norma. La principal ventaja del método de malla móvil reside en que para precisiones análogas el tiempo de cálculo es del orden de 4 veces menor que el modelo clásico.This paper presents a technological application of a general methodology to analyze cable structures under moving loads, particularly on the catenary-pantograph dynamic interaction. This work firstly describes the modeling of a finite element moving mesh which integrally moves over the contact wire following the pantograph along the whole catenary, prior focusing on its comparison against the classical finite element mesh. The case study corresponds to the standard EN-50318 one, whose results fulfill the ranges proposed by this validation rule. The main advantage of the moving mesh method is presented in the falling of computational costs about 4 times lower than the classic model with similar precision.Peer Reviewe

Simulation of moving loads on structures using a moving finite element mesh

En este artículo se presenta una metodología para analizar la respuesta dinámica de estructuras sometidas a cargas móviles. Para ello se ha desarrollado un algoritmo de mallado adaptativo de elementos finitos que se mueve de forma solidaria a la carga móvil que actúa sobre la estructura. El algoritmo de mallado móvil se ha validado con la solución analítica de una carga móvil que recorre una viga simplemente apoyada.This paper presents a methodology to analyze the dynamic behavior of structures under moving loads. A finite element moving mesh algorithm has been developed in order to integrally move a part of the mesh following a moving load. This algorithm has been validated with the analytical solution of a moving load applied on a simply supported beam.Peer Reviewe

Association between telomere length, frailty and death in older adults.

Frailty is considered a clinical marker of functional ageing. Telomere length (TL) has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age but its role in human ageing is controversial. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the longitudinal association of TL with incident frailty and mortality in two cohorts of Spanish community–dwelling older adults. TL was determined at baseline in blood samples from older adults included in Toledo Study for Healthy Aging and ENRICA cohorts while frailty was determined by frailty phenotype (FP) at baseline and at follow-up (3.5 years). Deaths occurring during follow-up were also recorded. Associations of TL with frailty and mortality were analysed by logistic regression with progressive adjustment. Data were separately analysed in the two cohorts and in all subjects by performing a meta-analysis. TL was not different between frail and non-frail subjects. Longer telomeres were not associated with lower risk of prevalent frailty. Similarly, TL at baseline failed to predict incident frailty (OR: 1.04 [0.88–1.23]) or even the development of a new FP criterion (OR: 0.97 [0.90–1.05]) at follow-up. Lack of association was also observed when analysing the development of specific FP criteria. Finally, while frailty at baseline was significantly associated with higher risk of death at follow-up (OR: 4.08 [1.97–8.43], p < 0.001), TL did not significantly change the mortality risk (OR: 1.05 [0.94–1.16]). Results show that TL does not predict incident frailty or mortality in older adults. This suggests that TL is not a reliable biomarker of functional age.post-print660 K

Elaboración integral de las aceitunas con autogeneración de electricidad, comparada con el sistema actual de obtención del aceite de oliva virgen

A future solution for treatment of the olive and obtaining olive virgin oil is presented. The energy demands for which are supplied by a generation system, that also feeds other phases of manufacture of by-products, such as "orujos" drying or extraction of the residual oil contained in them. For this purpose gasifier equipment is needed, whose major fuel is plain olive stone, although "orujos" with 20% humidity could also be used. This system produces a gas which is introduced in a combustion engine connected to a generator, harnessing the electricity created to supply the plant itself. The thermal energy surplus serves to generate and sell electrical energy to distribution grid.Se pretende plantear una solución de futuro para el proceso de elaboración de las aceitunas y obtención del aceite de oliva virgen, donde se generaría la energía eléctrica consumida en la propia planta, así como en las demás fases de elaboración completa de los subproductos, como el secado de los orujos y la extracción del aceite residual contenido en los mismos.Para esto se dimensiona un equipo gasificador del hueso, separado en el proceso de obtención indicado, con el que se abastece de energía térmica a un motor de gas que acciona un generador eléctrico, que abastece todas las necesidades de la planta integral, más el excedente de energía térmica del hueso y del orujillo resultante, generando una energía con posibilidad de venta a la red de distribución eléctrica de la zona

A fatigue damage model for seismic response of RC structures

Numerous damage models have been developed in order to analyze seismic behavior. Among the different possibilities existing in the literature, it is very clear that models developed along the lines of continuum damage mechanics are more consistent with the definition of damage as a phenomenon with mechanical consequences because they include explicitly the coupling between damage and mechanical behavior. On the other hand, for seismic processes, phenomena such as low cycle fatigue may have a pronounced effect on the overall behavior of the frames and, therefore, its consideration turns out to be very important. However, most of existing models evaluate the damage only as a function of the maximum amplitude of cyclic deformation without considering the number of cycles. In this paper, a generalization of the simplified model proposed by Cipollina et al. [Cipollina A, López-Hinojosa A, Flórez-López J. Comput Struct 1995;54:1113–26] is made in order to include the low cycle fatigue. Such a model employs in its formulation irreversible thermodynamics and internal state variable theory

Changes in health behaviors, mental and physical health among older adults under severe lockdown restrictions during the covid-19 pandemic in spain

We used data from 3041 participants in four cohorts of community-dwelling individuals aged =65 years in Spain collected through a pre-pandemic face-to-face interview and a telephone interview conducted between weeks 7 to 15 after the beginning of the COVID-19 lockdown. On average, the confinement was not associated with a deterioration in lifestyle risk factors (smoking, alcohol intake, diet, or weight), except for a decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, which reversed with the end of confinement. However, chronic pain worsened, and moderate declines in mental health, that did not seem to reverse after restrictions were lifted, were observed. Males, older adults with greater social isolation or greater feelings of loneliness, those with poorer housing conditions, as well as those with a higher prevalence of chronic morbidities were at increased risk of developing unhealthier lifestyles or mental health declines with confinement. On the other hand, previously having a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and doing more physical activity protected older adults from developing unhealthier lifestyles with confinement. If an-other lockdown were imposed during this or future pandemics, public health programs should spe-cially address the needs of older individuals with male sex, greater social isolation, sub-optimal housing conditions, and chronic morbidities because of their greater vulnerability to the enacted movement restrictions. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Increased levels of soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) are associated with a higher risk of mortality in frail older adults

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum levels of the soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (sRAGE) and mortality in frail and non-frail older adults. Methods: We studied 691 subjects (141 frail and 550 non-frail) with a median age of 75 years from two population-based cohorts, the Toledo Study of Healthy Aging and the AMI study, who were enrolled to the FRAILOMIC initiative. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to assess the relationship between baseline sRAGE and mortality. Results: During 6 years of follow-up 101 participants died (50 frail and 51 non-frail). Frail individuals who died had significantly higher sRAGE levels than those who survived (median [IQR]: 1563 [1015-2248] vs 1184 [870-1657] pg/mL, P=0.006), whilst no differences were observed in the non-frail group (1262 [1056-1554] vs 1186 [919-1551] pg/mL, P=0.19). Among frail individuals higher sRAGE levels were associated with an increased risk of death after adjustment for relevant covariates (HR=2.72 per unit increment in ln-sRAGE, 95%CI 1.48-4.99, P=0.001). In contrast, in non-frail individuals sRAGE showed no association with mortality. Survival curves demonstrated that among frail individuals the incidence of death was significantly higher in the top sRAGE quartile compared to the three lower quartiles (P=0.002). Area under the ROC curve analysis demonstrated that for frail individuals, inclusion of sRAGE in the hazard model increased its predictive accuracy by ~3%. Conclusions: sRAGE is an independent predictor of mortality among frail individuals. Determination of sRAGE in frail subjects could be useful for prognostic assessment and treatment stratification