945 research outputs found

    Early-Onset Autoimmune Disease as a Manifestation of Primary Immunodeficiency

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    Autoimmune disorders (AID) have been increasingly observed in association with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). Here, we discuss the interface between PID and AID, focusing on autoimmune manifestations early in life, which can be diagnostic clues for underlying PIDs. Inflammatory bowel disease in infants and children has been associated with IL-10 and IL-10R deficiencies, chronic granulomatous disease, immunedysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-X-linked syndrome (IPEX), autoinflammatory disorders, and others. Some PIDs have been identified as underlying defects in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: C1q-, IgA-, IgM deficiencies, alterations of the IFN-α pathway (in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome due to TREX1 mutation). IPEX (due to FOXP3 mutation leading to Treg cell deficiency), usually appearing in the first months of life, was recently observed in miscarried fetuses with hydrops who presented with CD3+ infiltrating lymphocytes in the pancreas. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to perforin deficiency was also identified as a cause of fetal hydrops. In conclusion, PID should be suspected in any infant with signs of autoimmunity after excluding transferred maternal effects, or in children with multiple and/or severe AID.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

    Thymus: still an underexplored organ in medical practice

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    ONGs, expertise e o mercado do desenvolvimento sustentável: a certificação florestal na Amazônia brasileira.

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    This paper analizes the process of the construction of the Forestry certification – the label of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) – as a mechanism to combat the predatory exploitation of the natural resources from the Brazilian Amazonia. We analyze and emphasize the central role of some non-governmental organizations (NGO) on this process and call attention to what we are calling the expertization of the forestry question on the Amazonia.Este artigo analisa o processo de construção da certificação florestal – o selo do Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) – como mecanismo para combater a exploração predatória dos recursos florestais na Amazônia brasileira. Nesta análise, ressalta-se o papel central desempenhado por algumas organizações não-governamentais (ONG) nesse processo e chama-se a atenção para o que se denomina “expertização” da questão florestal na Amazônia

    Estudo comparativo de maquinagem em Duplex 2205

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    A versatilidade e rigor da maquinagem, fazem deste um dos processos de fabrico mais utilizados na indústria metalomecânica. Com a expansão da utilização de aços inoxidáveis duplex, a maquinagem destes é cada vez mais frequente, contudo, este processo não é fácil. O corte destas ligas é caraterizado por vários mecanismos de desgaste na ferramenta, que trazem impacto negativo na qualidade do trabalho produzido. Ao longo dos anos, tem-se assistido a uma otimização deste processo, assim como ao desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas com revestimentos que melhoram a tribologia do corte e métodos de controlo do desgaste que visam a otimização dos parâmetros. O presente trabalho visa avaliar o comportamento de ferramentas com variação de parâmetros de corte na fresagem deste tipo de ligas. Para tal, foram utilizadas ferramentas de geometria e composição semelhantes, produzidas por empresas distintas. A análise comparativa recaiu sobre a qualidade da superfície gerada por maquinagem, através de perfilometria, registo do desgaste por microscopia eletrónica e análise das forças e binário de corte durante a maquinagem. As experiências realizadas mostram que os parâmetros de corte indicados pelos fabricantes são muito eficazes no equilíbrio entre desgaste, forças de corte e rugosidade. A velocidade de avanço pode ser reduzida, de modo a melhorar a rugosidade, ou aumentada, de modo a otimizar tempos de maquinagem.The versatility and quality of the machining make this one of the most used manufacturing processes in the metalworking industry. With the expansion in the use of duplex stainless steels, its machining is more and more frequent, however, this process is not easy. The cutting of these alloys is characterized by several tool wear mechanisms whose have a negative impact on the quality of the work produced. Over the years, there has been an optimization of this process, development of new tools, with coatings that improve the cutting tribological features, and wear control methods that look to optimize the parameters. The present work aims to evaluate the behavior of tools with variation in cutting parameters when milling this type of alloys. For this purpose, tools produced by different companies, with similar geometry and composition were used and analysed. Comparative analysis focused on the quality of the surface generated by machining has been made through profilometry, evaluation of the wear by scanning electron microscopy and analysis of cutting forces and torque during machining. The performed work has shown that the cutting data indicated by tool manufacturers are very effective in balancing wear, cutting forces and roughness. Cutting feed can be reduced to improve roughness or increased to optimize machining times.O presente trabalho foi financiado e realizado no âmbito do projeto ON-SURF (ANI | P2020 | POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024521), cofinanciado pelo Portugal 2020 e FEDER, através do COMPETE 2020 - Programa Operacional para a Competitividade e Internacionalização
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