Age differences in the rejection of false memories: The effects of giving warning instructions and slowing the presentation rate

[EN]Two experiments were conducted to examine whether children of different ages differ in their ability to reject associative false memories with the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm. Two different types of manipulations that are thought to facilitate false memory rejection in adults—slowing the presentation rate and issuing explicit warnings—were analyzed in younger and older children. The results showed that older children were more able than younger children to reject associative false memories through warnings and by slowing the presentation rate. We conclude that although older children are, in general, more prone to produce false memories with the DRM paradigm, they are also more able to reject them when certain conditions facilitate the editing process

Improving ergonomic conditions and productivity: a case study in a PVD coating production area

Introduction: Due to demographic variation, fewer young workers are available and the overall number of workers will decrease. The length of absenteeism, especially due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), increases with higher age (Müglich et al., 2015). According to Neumann and Dul (2010), if effectively applied in the design of operation systems, Human Factors can improve system performance while reducing health hazards for employees. The aim of this work is to evaluate “How productivity is affected after the implementation of ergonomics improvements?” The case study takes place in a PVD coating production area, where workers’ complaints due to shoulder pains were rising considerably. These complaints come mainly from the processes of loading and unloading pieces from the suspension, before and after the product entering the PVD machine, respectively. This is a repetitive job and involves two awkward postures: flexion of the arms above 60º (from now on “arms up”) about 30% of the time and the difficulty to move manually a full suspension of 6kg, on average, from the machine carpet to a table every 3 minutes and vice-versa depending if it is an unloading or a loading process

Retrieval dynamics in false recall: revelations from identifiability manipulations

[EN]The present study analyzed the retrieval dynamics of false recall, using an externalized free-recall task after participants studied Deese/Roediger–McDermott lists with high- and low-identifiable critical words. In Experiment 1, the memory test required participants to write down the words they remembered as having been presented in each list (recall output) plus any related words that came to mind (inclusion output). The results of the inclusion output showed that highly identifiable critical items were more frequently generated than less identifiable critical items, suggesting that highly identifiable critical words were more accessible in a first phase of retrieval. At the same time, the results of the recall output showed that highly identifiable critical items were less often falsely recalled than low identifiable critical items, a replication of previous findings. In Experiment 2, self-reports corroborated that participants were using an editing strategy based on the identification and exclusion of critical words—that is, the identify-to reject strategy. These results help us to more fully under stand the identifiability effect and, beyond that, emphasize the importance of considering the intervening of dual pro cesses of accessibility and error correction as a crucial feature in theoretical explanations of false memories

evoRF: An Evolutionary Approach to Random Forests

Machine Learning is a field in which significant steps forward have been taken in the last years, resulting in a wide variety of available algorithms, for many different problems. Nonetheless, most of these algorithms focus on the training of static models, in the sense that the model stops evolving after the training phase. This is increasingly becoming a limitation, especially in an era in which datasets are increasingly larger and may even arrive as sequential streams of data. Frequently retraining a model, in these scenarios, is not realistic. In this paper we propose evoRF: a combination of a Random Forest with an evolutionary approach. Its key innovative aspect is the evolution of the weights of the Random Forest over time, as new data arrives, thus making the forest’s voting scheme adapt to the new data. Older trees can also be replaced by newly trained ones, according to their accuracy, ensuring that the ensemble remains up to date without requiring a whole retraining.This work has been supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2019

Os determinantes da rotativade do trabalho no Brasil: instituições x ciclos econômicos [Determinants of labour turnover in Brazil: institutions X business cycles]

The article discusses the determinants of labour turnover in Brazil. We contrast the view suggesting that severance payments (FGTS) induce labour turnover with arguments suggesting that turnover rates are a function of the characteristics of supply and demand for labour in Brazil. Additionally, we present econometric evidence that changes in the level of turnover rates observed at the end of the 1980s are not associated with changes in the legislation about severance payments in Brazil and also that turnover rates are pro-cyclical.turnover, layoffs, supply and demand for labour

Anthropogenic Matrices Favor Homogenization Of Tree Reproductive Functions In A Highly Fragmented Landscape

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Species homogenization or floristic differentiation are two possible consequences of the fragmentation process in plant communities. Despite the few studies, it seems clear that fragments with low forest cover inserted in anthropogenic matrices are more likely to experience floristic homogenization. However, the homogenization process has two other components, genetic and functional, which have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to verify whether there was homogenization of tree reproductive functions in a fragmented landscape and, if found, to determine how the process was influenced by landscape composition. The study was conducted in eight fragments in southwest Brazil. The study was conducted in eight fragments in southwestern Brazil. In each fragment, all individual trees were sampled that had a diameter at breast height ≥3 cm, in ten plots (0.2 ha) and, classified within 26 reproductive functional types (RFTs). The process of functional homogenization was evaluated using additive partitioning of diversity. Additionally, the effect of landscape composition on functional diversity and on the number of individuals within each RFT was evaluated using a generalized linear mixed model. appeared to be in a process of functional homogenization (dominance of RFTs, alpha diversity lower than expected by chance and and low beta diversity). More than 50% of the RFTs and the functional diversity were affected by the landscape parameters. In general, the percentage of forest cover has a positive effect on RFTs while the percentage of coffee matrix has a negative one. The process of functional homogenization has serious consequences for biodiversity conservation because some functions may disappear that, in the long term, would threaten the fragments. This study contributes to a better understanding of how landscape changes affect the functional diversity, abundance of individuals in RFTs and the process of functional homogenization, as well as how to manage fragmented landscapes. © 2016 Carneiro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.1110CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCCFC, Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of CanadaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Portuguese category norms for children

[EN]This study presents Portuguese category norms for children of three different age groups: preschoolers (3- to 4-year-olds), second graders (7- to 8-year-olds), and preadolescents (11- to 12-year-olds). Three hundred Portu guese children (100 in each group) completed an exemplar-generation task. Preschoolers generated exemplars for 13 categories, second graders generated exemplars for 17 categories, and preadolescents generated exemplars for 21 categories. For each group, responses within each category were organized according to frequency of production in order to derive exemplar-production norms for sets of tested categories. The results also included information about the number of responses and exemplars, idiosyncratic and inappropriate responses, and com monality and diversity indexes for all the categories. A comparison of these children's norms with the Portuguese adult norms was also presented. The full set of norms may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive

Engaging age-diverse workers with autonomy and feedback: the role of task variety

Purpose: The aging of the population is changing the composition of the workforce in most developed countries. With increasingly older and age-diverse workforces, organizations need to redesign jobs to keep their workers healthy, happy and productive across the lifespan. In the current research, the authors integrate socioemotional selectivity theory and selection, optimization and compensation theory with job design to investigate how certain job characteristics influence the work engagement of older and younger workers. Design/methodology/approach: In a two-wave survey with age-diverse employees from multiple organizations (N = 372), the authors explore how autonomy and feedback contribute to the engagement of older and younger workers, depending on levels of task variety. Findings: In the case of older workers the relationships between autonomy and engagement, and feedback and engagement are positive when task variety is low but non-significant when task variety is high. Conversely, in the case of younger workers the relationships between autonomy and engagement, and feedback and engagement are positive when task variety is high but non-significant when task variety is low. Research limitations/implications: The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on aging and work, particularly the lifespan perspective on job design. Nonetheless, the correlational design warrants caution about drawing causal inferences. Practical implications: The findings inform managers on how to combine autonomy, feedback and task variety to design jobs that can engage the multi-age workforce. Originality/value: The research is among the first to investigate the combined effects of different job characteristics on age-diverse employees' engagement at work.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The influence of theme identifiability on false memories: evidence for age-dependent opposite effects

[EN]In the present study, we used the Deese/Roediger–McDermott paradigm to analyze the relationship between theme identifiability of word lists and false memories in adults and children. We conducted two normative stud ies to determine the identifiability levels for critical unpresented words in 40 associative lists in adults and in 16 associative lists in children. Then, in three experiments, false memories for critical words that were either easy or hard to identify were analyzed in adults and in children 4–5 years old and 11–12 years old. Opposite results were found for adults and children. Lists with highly identifiable critical words produced fewer false memories for adults but more false memories for children. These results suggest that, if they can identify critical words, adults use an identify-to-reject strategy to edit out false memories, whereas, in children, theme identification does not lead to the use of such a monitoring strategy