Workplace aggression and family-work conflict: effect on emotional well-bieng from a gender perspective

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Fecha de lectura: 12-06-201

Workers’ observation of uncivil leadership: Is tolerance for workplace incivility a gendered issue?

In the context of organizational psychology, this study aimed to examine workers’ gender biases in tolerance when observing leaders’ incivility in the workplace. Based on role congruity theory, this paper proposes analyzing the gender differences in workers’ evaluations of awareness and tolerance of workplace incivility considering the gender of a leader who commits different incivility behaviors against an employee. Moreover, we posit that the type of incivility is also gendered. A sample of 547 workers (male and female) randomly played the roles of observers whereby they rated a scenario describing a leader (male or female) who publicly humiliates and openly doubts an employee’s judgment (overt incivility—agentic), or leaves out and pays little attention (covert incivility— communal) to an employee. The results indicate that male workers tolerated incivility less when role incongruence occurred, such as when male leaders used covert incivility. In contrast, female workers were consistently less tolerant when role congruence occurred with the leader’s gender, such as when male leaders were overtly uncivil. Furthermore, compared to males, female workers were more aware and less tolerant of incivility when a female leader was overtly or covertly uncivil. This paper provides empirical insights and fulfills an identified need to study how gender bias in workplace incivility can be enabled in organizations. The implications for practice can drive the development of prevention strategies within the field of management and human resources.This research was funded by the Research Program of the University of Jaén, 2019–2020, grant number EI-SEJ7-201

Work intensification and its effects on mental health: The role of workplace curiosity

Work intensification is a psychosocial risk that has been increasing in recent decades and may have been accentuated after the COVID-19 pandemic. Its effects on health are negative, but they can be moderated by contextual and personal factors. The aim of this study was twofold: to analyze the effect of work intensification on workers’ stress, anxiety, and depression and to explore the role of workplace curiosity in these relationships. The study design was cross-sectional, and a total of 766 Spanish workers (58.9% female) with different occupations completed the survey. The results showed that work intensification was associated with the symptomatology of stress, anxiety, and depression, with a medium effect size. Women workers showed higher work intensification, but its association with mental health was equally strong for both genders. Workers with higher levels of the workplace curiosity dimension “stress tolerance” showed less impaired mental health in the presence of work intensification. However, workers with higher levels of the workplace curiosity dimension “deprivation sensitivity” showed more symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression when faced with high work intensification. The results were discussed in terms of their contributions to the field of study of work intensification, the future research they could inspire, and the prevention and intervention measures they could motivateThis study was funded by the Ministerio de Universidades de España within the framework of the Programa Estatal de Promoción del Talento y su Empleabilidad en I+D+i, Subprograma Estatal de Movilidad, del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020 [ref. CAS21/00113], and by I+D+I National Project of Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación [PID2019-106368GB-I00] AEI/10.13039/50110001103

La relación entre interacción familia-trabajo, agotamiento relacionado con el trabajo, distanciamiento y significado de la vida: estudio del bienestar emocional a nivel diario

The aim of this research was to provide an integrative overview of the associations between employees’ daily emotional well-being (positive and negative affect) and family-work interaction, job-related exhaustion, detachment, and meaning in life. Service sector employees in Spain (N = 105) filled out a general measure and daily survey measures over five working days. Results showed that daily family-work conflict, job-related exhaustion and search for meaning in life predicted employees’ negative affect at night; conversely, daily detachment and presence of meaning in life had a negative relation with negative affect at night. In contrast, employees’ family-work facilitation, detachment, and presence of meaning in life predicted positive affect at night. Moreover, detachment moderated the relationship between familywork conflict and negative affect, and between the presence of meaning in life and positive affect. These findings have practical implications for individuals and organizations and suggest possible avenues for future research.El objetivo de la presente investigación fue proporcionar una visión integradora de las relaciones entre el bienestar diario emocional de los empleados (afecto positivo y negativo) y la interacción entre la familia y el trabajo, el agotamiento relacionado con el trabajo, el distanciamiento y el significado de la vida. Trabajadores del sector de servicios en España (N = 105) completaron un cuestionario general y cuestionarios diarios durante cinco días laborables. Los resultados mostraron que el conflicto familia-trabajo, el agotamiento relacionado con el trabajo y la búsqueda de sentido en la vida predecía a nivel diario el afecto negativo de los empleados por la noche. Por el contrario, el distanciamiento y la presencia de significado en la vida tenían una relación negativa con el afecto negativo por la noche. Por otra parte, la facilitación familia-trabajo, el distanciamiento y la presencia de sentido de la vida predecían el afecto positivo por la noche. Además, el distanciamiento moderaba la relación entre el conflicto familia-trabajo y el afecto negativo y entre la presencia de sentido de la vida y afecto positivo. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones prácticas para los individuos y las organizaciones y sugieren posibles vías de investigación futura

Spanish adaptation of the Intensified Job Demands Scale (IDS)

Background: The Intensification of Job Demands Scale (IDS) is a multidimensional instrument designed to capture the phenomenon of work intensification that characterizes modern Western societies. However, in Spain the instrument has not been validated to assess this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the IDS adaptation with a heterogeneous sample of Spanish workers. Method: The sample consisted of 722 Spanish workers (57.8% female, 42.2% male) who completed a survey between January and April 2022. Results: A five-factor correlated model, as in the original IDS, had an optimal fit with 15 items, and displayed invariance across gender, level of education, and organizational tenure. Reliability coefficients were all satisfactory, and scale adaptation showed evidence of convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Conclusions: The Spanish adaptation of the IDS is a valid, reliable measure for analyzing the phenomenon of work intensification and intensified job demands in SpainThis study was funded by the Ministerio de Universidades de España. Subprograma Estatal de Movilidad, del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017- 2020 [ref. CAS21/00113], and by an I+D+I National Project of Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-106368GB-I00) AEI/10.13039/50110001103

Influencia de los estereotipos de género en la valoración del incivismo laboral

Influencia de los estereotipos de género en la valoración del incivismo laboralThe goal was to explore how gender stereotypes influence young students' ratings of the forms of workplace incivility. Drawing from the theory of selective incivility and the social role theory, the existence of gender differences in the detection and tolerance of different forms of incivility and the perception of its consequences were explored. Participants were 800 Spanish high school and professional training students (452 females and 348 males) in a between-subjects factorial design in which forms of incivility, gender dominated work domain, and participants' gender were manipulated. The results indicated that females and males gave different ratings. Females always detected incivility whereas males only detected it when it was exclusive than offensive, and both genders tolerated exclusive incivility to a lesser extent. In fact, females perceived that exclusive incivility reduced job satisfaction in engineering and emotional well-being in nursing, whereas no significant effects were found in males. To conclude, the study contributes specific developments about gender stereotypes, workplace incivility, its incidence, and sensitization towards the problem.Este estudio tuvo por objetivo explorar cómo influyen los estereotipos de género en las valoraciones de jóvenes estudiantes sobre las formas de incivismo laboral. Basándonos en la Teoría del Incivismo Selectivo y la Teoría del Rol Social se exploró la existencia de diferencias de género en la detección y tolerancia hacia diferentes formas de incivismo y la percepción de sus consecuencias. Participaron 800 estudiantes españoles (452 mujeres y 348 varones) en un experimento con diseño factorial entre sujetos donde se manipularon las formas de incivismo, el contexto laboral y el género del participante. Los resultados indicaron que mujeres y varones tuvieron valoraciones diferentes. Las mujeres siempre detectaron incivismo, mientras que los varones sólo cuando fue excluyente en lugar de ofensivo, y ambos toleraron menos el incivismo excluyente. Incluso, las mujeres percibieron que el incivismo excluyente reducía la satisfacción laboral en ingeniería y el bienestar emocional en enfermería, mientras que no hubo efectos significativos en varones. En conclusión, el estudio contribuye aportando desarrollos específicos sobre los estereotipos de género, el incivismo laboral, su incidencia y la sensibilización hacia la problemática

Reply to Comment on Cobo-Cuenca, A.I.; Laredo-Aguilera, J.A.; Rodríguez-Borrego, M.-A.; Santacruz-Salas, E.; Carmona-Torres, J.M. Temporal Trends in Fecal Occult Blood Test: Associated Factors (2009–2017). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2120

In this study [...

Temporal Trends in Fecal Occult Blood Test: Associated Factors (2009–2017)

A cross-sectional study with 27,821 records of non-institutionalized people in Spain aged between 50–69 years old (59.94 ± 5.8 years), who participated in the European Health Survey in Spain (2009, 2014) and National Health Survey (2011/12, 2017). Fecal occult testing, the reason for performing the test, age, sex, nationality, social status, marital status, education level, body mass index (BMI), and place of residence. Overall, 54% were women, 93.9% were Spanish, 47.8% had a secondary study, and 66.4% were married. Across the years, the rate of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) increased significantly (p < 0.001). This increase can be accounted for a letter campaign advising testing (45%, p < 0.001). FOBT was associated with more age (odds ratio—OR 1.04, 95% confidence interval—CI 1.04–1.05, p < 0.001), Spanish nationality (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.25–2.93, p = 0.003), being married (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.25, p = 0.025), having a higher level of education (OR 2.46, 95% CI 2.17–2.81, p < 0.001), belonging to high social classes (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12–1.64, p = 0.001), and BMI <25 (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.25–2.37). Frequency of FOBT has increased in recent years. Performing FOBT is associated with age, nationality, marital status, higher education level, and social class

Prevalence and factors associated with polypharmacy in the older people: 2006-2014

To analyse the prevalence, risk factors and evolution over time of polypharmacy and self-medication in the older people in Spain from 2006-2014.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Levels of Physical Activity, Obesity and Related Factors in Young Adults Aged 18–30 During 2009–2017

The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of physical activity and body mass index in young adults aged 18–30 in Spain and to ascertain their relationship with sociodemographic and psychosocial variables in the period of 2009–2017. Methods: A descriptive study with a sample of 10,061 young adults aged 18–30 years was performed. The data were obtained from the European Health Survey in Spain in 2009 and 2014 and the National Health Survey in 2011/2012 and 2017. The chi-square test was used for qualitative variables, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed for physical activity. Results: Sedentary levels had decreased in 2017 as compared to 2011/2012 (p < 0.001); smokers were more sedentary than non-smokers (p < 0.001); men were more active than women (p < 0.001); and the year with the highest physical activity was 2014. Body mass index in the total sample increased from 2009 to 2017 (p < 0.01), showing a significant increase in obesity in women (p < 0.05) and no difference in men (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: In the period 2011/2012–2017, the sedentary lifestyle of young adults was reduced and physical activity was increased, with men being more active than women