AVALIAÇÃO ERGONÔMICA EM ATIVIDADES DE COLHEITA SEMIMECANIZADA DE INDIVÍDUOS ARBÓREOS EM FRAGMENTO DE CAATINGA NO MUNICÍPIO DE PATOS, PB

Objetivou-se com este estudo, diagnosticar e avaliar as condições ergonômicas do trabalho nas atividades de colheita semimecanizada de espécies invasoras. Em fragmento de caatinga no município de Patos, PB. Para análise da carga física de trabalho foi obtida por intermédio do levantamento de frequência cardíaca durante a jornada de trabalho. Em relação à análise biomecânica no trabalho de corte de maderia, foi realizada por meio da avaliação de posturas pelo software 3DSSPP na qual analisa a postura adotadas nas operações com as aplicações de forças nas articulações. Com os resultados obtidos conclui-se que para a análise de carga física do trabalho a atividade de derrubada foi a única operação classificada como pesada e com isso necessita de tempo de repouso para sua execução. A maior parte das posturas adotadas na atividade de colheita florestal semimecanizada foram consideradas inadequadas e com risco de lesão pelo do método 3DSSPP. Pelo diagrama de áreas dolorosas foi observado que no final da jornada de trabalho de 8 horas o motosserista sente bastante desconforto, principalmente nas regiões das articulações devido à constante alternância de posturas para executar as atividades de corte da madeira e pela atividade requerer atenção e esforço físico do trabalhado

Applications in anthropometrical variables posts joineries work in the south of the Espírito Santo

Esta pesquisa foi realizada em três marcenarias, sendo uma no município de Alegre e duas no município de Jerônimo Monteiro, todas localizadas no sul do Espírito Santo no período de agosto de 2009 a julho de 2010, e teve os seguintes objetivos: avaliar as condições antropométricas dos trabalhadores e correlacioná-las com as potencialidades e imperfeições de nove máquinas utilizadas comumente nesses empreendimentos. Os resultados mostraram que os coeficientes de variação dos dados indicam uma distribuição homogênea ou média dispersão de distribuição de todos os valores encontrados, à exceção da variável idade, que apresentou distribuição heterogênea. Todas as alturas das bancadas dos postos de trabalho avaliados se mantiveram, em média, 14,5 cm abaixo do recomendado (99,0 cm), na maioria dos postos de trabalho. Com base nesses dados, recomendou-se uma reorganização ergonômica do trabalho, com alturas ideais das bancadas das máquinas e posicionamento e acessos ideais dos postos de trabalho, sendo sugerido o uso de EPI (Equipamento de Proteção Individual) de maior profilaxia e especificidade ao trabalhador.This research was carried through in three joineries, being one in the city of Alegre and two in the city of Jerônimo Monteiro, located in the south of the Espirito Santo, Brazil, in the period of August of 2009 the July of 2010 and had the following objectives: to evaluate the anthropometric conditions of the workers and to common correlate them with the potentialities and imperfections of nine machines used common in these joineries. The results had indicated that the coefficients of variation of the data had indicated a homogeneous distribution or average dispersion of distribution of all the found values, to the exception of the changeable age that presented heterogeneous distribution. All the heights of group of benches of the evaluated ranks of work if had kept, on average, 14,5 cm below of the recommended one (99,0 cm), in the majority of the work ranks. Through of these data sent regards an ergonomic reorganization of the work, ideal heights of group of benches of the machines, positioning and ideal accesses of the work ranks and were suggested the use of EPIs (Equipment of Individual Protection) of bigger Prophylaxis and specific to the worker

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF WORK ACCIDENTS IN BRAZILIAN WOOD PRODUCT MANUFACTURING

Wood product manufacturing involves many dangerous activities and a high incidence of work-related accidents. The objective of this study was to analyze registered and unregistered work accidents, as well as the most frequent type and rate increase over the years for different activities of wood product manufacture in Brazil. Total accidents were counted including both unregistered and registered accidents. The accidents were classified as either a typical accident, a commuting accident or occupational diseases. Evaluated production was subdivided into sawmill operations, manufacture of laminated wood and plywood, wood-derived pressed and agglomerated sheets, and furniture with a predominance of wood. Wood production presented 2,849,470 direct jobs. For the furniture manufacturing sub-sector, there was an increase in the growth rate for direct jobs. However, there was a greater number of total accidents and an increase in the rate of number of accidents over time. For sawmills and the manufacture of laminated wood and slabs, there was a decreasing trend in the rate of direct jobs and accidents. Of the total number of accidents, more than 20% were not reported. The primary accident incidence was the typical accident (88.3%), followed by commuting accidents (9.5%) and lastly occupational diseases (2.1%)

WOOD-BASED MARKET IN RIO GRANDE DO NORTE BETWEEN 1999 AND 2019

The objective of this work was to analyze the firewood, charcoal and roundwood market in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) in the period 1999-2019. Data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) were used referring to the quantity produced, unit value (UV) and gross production value (GPV), subdivided according to Agreste, Central, East and West mesoregions in RN. These variables were simplified in the form of descriptive statistics, with the UV and GPV deflated with a base year of 1999. In addition, the exploration products, the total area explored, the type of cut and the situation regarding the plans of sustainable forest management - PMFS, were analyzed, as provided by the Northeastern Plant Information Center (Centro Nordestino de Informações Sobre Plantas, CNIP). The results generated allowed us note that the West mesoregion stood out in the production of firewood, being the second largest producer of charcoal and the only producer of roundwood logs. The highest UV per ton of coal occurred in 2016 in the Agreste and West mesoregions; in 2018, in the Central mesoregion and, in 2013, in the East. The highest UV per cubic meter of firewood occurred in 2017 for the Agreste and Central regions, and in 2019, in the East and West mesoregions, respectively. The Central mesoregion had the highest number of PMFS in the state, with most of the plans that are currently active being used for the exploitation of firewood. West mesoregion presented only two assets

SEGURANÇA DO TRABALHO NA PRODUÇÃO FLORESTAL

O objetivo do artigo é analisar os empregos diretos e os acidentes de trabalho ocorridos na produção florestal, em plantadas, nativas e atividades de apoio. Para cada atividade, no período de 2006 a 2014, foi contabilizado o número de empregos diretos, acidentes totais, registrados, típicos, de trajeto e doenças do trabalho e os acidentes não registrados. Foram ajustados modelos de tendência para cálculo das taxas de crescimento anual dos empregos diretos e dos acidentes de trabalho. Foi utilizada a correlação linear de Pearson para explicar a relação entre o número de empregos diretos e os acidentes da produção florestal. O número de empregos diretos gerados na produção de plantadas e nativas aumentou nos últimos 8 anos. Apenas para o setor de atividades de apoio decresceu o quadro de trabalhadores. Dentre os acidentes contabilizados, as plantadas apresentaram, em média, o maior número de acidentes, seguidos pelas atividades de apoio e produção de nativas. Muitos acidentes ocorridos não são comunicados, dando prejuízos aos acidentados quanto à reivindicação de seus direitos. Dos acidentes registrados o principal tipo corresponde ao acidente típico. Fortes correlações foram encontradas entre os empregos diretos e os acidentes totais para as florestas plantadas e atividades de apoio.Palavras-chave: empregos diretos; acidentes; cadeia produtiva. FOREST PRODUCTION WORK SAFETY ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper is to analyze the direct employment and work accidents that occurred in forest production, in plantations, native and support activities. For each activity, in the period from 2006 to 2014, the number of direct jobs, total, registered, typical, commuting and work-related accidents and unrecorded accidents were recorded. Trend models were calculated for the calculation of the annual growth rates of direct jobs and work accidents. Pearson's linear correlation was used to explain the relationship between the number of direct jobs and the accidents of forestry production. The number of direct jobs generated in plantation and native production has increased over the past 8 years. Only for the sector of support activities has the workforce declined. Among the accidents recorded, the planted had, on average, the largest number of accidents, followed by activities of support and production of natives. Many accidents occurred are not communicated, giving damage to the injured in claiming their rights. Of the accidents recorded the main type corresponds to the typical accident. Strong correlations were found between direct jobs and total accidents for planted forests and support activities.Keywords: direct jobs; accidents; productive chain

Analysis of the load of physical work in activities of forest implementation insteepareas

Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar a carga de trabalho físico em atividades de implantação florestal em áreas declivosas no sul do Espírito Santo e propor uma reorganização ergonômica para melhoria dos níveis de saúde, bem-estar e satisfação dos trabalhadores. A carga de trabalho físico foi avaliada por intermédio do levantamento da frequência cardíaca, com o uso de monitores de frequência cardíaca nas atividades de construção de cercas, roçada manual, capina química, marcação de covas, coroamento, coveamento manual, enchimento de covas, adubação pré-plantio e plantio. A maior exigência física no trabalho foi verificada na atividade de coveamento manual (125 bpm), sendo esta classificada como moderadamente pesada. A menor exigência física no trabalho foi observada na atividade de adubação pré-plantio, com frequência cardíaca média de 87 bpm, sendo classificada como atividade leve. Foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre as atividades de implantação (médias da carga cardiovascular) pelo teste de Scott-Knott ao nível de 5%, e a necessidade de reorganizar o ambiente de trabalho com inserção de pausas orientadas.Palavras-chave:  Ergonomia florestal; frequência cardíaca; plantio florestal; fisiologia do trabalho florestal. AbstractAnalysis of the load of physical work in activities of forest implementation insteepareas.This research had the objective to evaluate the load of physical work in activities of forest implementation in steep areas in the south of the Espírito Santo, Brazil and to propose an ergonomic reorganization for improvement of the levels of health, well-being and satisfaction of the workers. The load of physical work was evaluated by the survey of the cardiac frequency with the use of monitors of cardiac frequency in the activities of construction of fencing, manual mowing, weeding chemical, marking of graves, weeding, manual pit, filling of pits, adubation pre-planting and planting. The biggest physical requirement in the work was verified in the activity of manual pit (125 bpm), being classified as moderately heavy activity. The lower physical demands at work were observed in adubation pre-planting, frequently average cardiopath of 87 bpm, being classified as light activity. Significant differences had been verified enter the averages of the cardiovascular load and necessity to reorganize the environment of work with insertion of target pauses.Keywords: Forestry ergonomics; cardiac frequency; forestry activities; physiology of forest work.This research had the objective to evaluate the load of physical work in activities of forest implementation in steep areas in the south of the Espírito Santo, Brazil and to propose an ergonomic reorganization for improvement of the levels of health, well-being and satisfaction of the workers. The load of physical work was evaluated by the survey of the cardiac frequency with the use of monitors of cardiac frequency in the activities of construction of fencing, manual mowing, weeding chemical, marking of graves, weeding, manual pit, filling of pits, adubation pre-planting and planting. The biggest physical requirement in the work was verified in the activity of manual pit (125 bpm), being classified as moderately heavy activity. The lower physical demands at work were observed in adubation preplanting, frequently average cardiopath of 87 bpm, being classified as light activity. Significant differences had been verified enter the averages of the cardiovascular load and necessity to reorganize the environment of work with insertion of target pauses

Layout adequacy of a forestry tool factory for ergonomic parameters

Esta pesquisa avaliou os postos de trabalho em uma fábrica de produção de ferramentas florestais visando otimizar as condições ergonômicas e o layout do processo de produção baseado nos parâmetros ergonômicos e de produtividade. Para analisar o conforto térmico, foi utilizado o índice de bulbo úmido termômetro de globo (IBUTG); para medir a velocidade do vento, anemômetro; luxímetro para avaliar a quantidade de luz do galpão de produção; e decibelímetro, para coletar o ruído a que os trabalhadores estavam expostos. O posicionamento de todas as máquinas foi mensurado junto com o caminhamento no processo de produção, sendo realizado estudo de tempos, movimentos e de produtividade. De acordo com os resultados, a área das forjadoras 1 e 2 apresentou valores de IBUTG acima do limite permitido de 25 °C. A velocidade do vento em todas as atividades foi menor que 0,75 m/s e apenas a região do orvado, área de corte 1 e soldagem apresentaram níveis de iluminância acima do mínimo permitido (NR-15). Todas as atividades extrapolaram os níveis de ruído toleráveis para a atividade, exceto o envernizamento. Pela análise do layout, propõe-se uma nova disposição física, para reduzir os tempos improdutivos, melhorar as condições ergonômicas e facilitar a sequência de produção e escoamento dos produtos.Palavras-chave: Ergonomia; arranjo físico; produção de ferramentas. AbstractLayout adequacy of a forestry tool factory for ergonomic parameters. This research evaluated the work in a forestry tools factory in order to optimize ergonomic condition and layout of production process based on ergonomic parameters and productivity. Different methods had been used to analyze the factory environment as the Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer Index (WBGT), to analyze thermal comfort, the anemometer, to measure the wind speed, the lux meter, to assess the amount of light inside the production building, and decibel meter, to collect the workers exposure to noise. The placement of all the machines was measured along the development pathway of the production process, and studies of time, movements and productivity had been developed. According to the results, the area of forger 1 and 2 had values above the allowable WBGT limit of 25 °C. The wind speed in all activities was less than 0.75 m/s and only the region of orvado, welding and cutting area 1 presented illumination levels over the minimum allowed (NR-15). Noise levels extrapolated in all the activities but varnishing. As result, it proposes a new physical layout in order to reduce unproductive times, improve the ergonomic conditions, and facilitate production sequence as well as materials flow.Keywords: Ergonomics; physical arrangement; tool production.AbstractThis research evaluated the work in a forestry tools factory in order to optimize ergonomic condition and layout of production process based on ergonomic parameters and productivity. Different methods had been used to analyze the factory environment as the Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer Index (WBGT), to analyze thermal comfort, the anemometer, to measure the wind speed, the lux meter, to assess the amount of light inside the production building, and decibel meter, to collect the workers exposure to noise. The placement of all the machines was measured along the development pathway of the production process, and studies of time, movements and productivity had been developed. According to the results, the area of forger 1 and 2 had values above the allowable WBGT limit of 25 °C. The wind speed in all activities was less than 0.75 m/s and only the region of orvado, welding and cutting area 1 presented illumination levels over the minimum allowed (NR-15). Noise levels extrapolated in all the activities but varnishing. As result, it proposes a new physical layout in order to reduce unproductive times, improve the ergonomic conditions, and facilitate production sequence as well as materials flow.Keywords: Ergonomics; physical arrangement; tool production

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF COMMERCIAL PLANTATIONS IN AREAS ACCIDENTS IN SOUTH OF THE ESP\ucdRITO SANTO STATE, BRAZIL

Esta pesquisa objetivou realizar uma an\ue1lise t\ue9cnica e econ\uf4mica da implanta\ue7\ue3o e manuten\ue7\ue3o de plantios de eucalipto em \ue1reas com topografia acidentada no sul do Esp\uedrito Santo. O trabalho foi executado em pequenas propriedades rurais. Foram analisados o rendimento, a produtividade e os custos envolvidos nas atividades. De acordo com os resultados, a opera\ue7\ue3o de capina qu\uedmica manual obteve o maior rendimento (0,191 hectare/hora) e a atividade de replantio obteve o menor (0,008 hectare/hora). Quanto aos custos operacionais, as opera\ue7\uf5es realizadas durante o preparo do solo para o plantio tiveram o maior custo (32%), seguido das atividades de manuten\ue7\ue3o (27%), atividades pr\ue9vias de preparo da \ue1rea (22%) e plantio (19%).This research aimed to carry out a technical and economic analysis of the deployment and maintenance of eucalyptus crops on areas with steep topography, in small farms in south 'Esp\uedrito Santo' state, Brazil. The yield, the productivity of operations and the costs involved in activities were analyzed. According to the results, the operation of chemical weed control manual had the highest yield (0.191 ha hour-1) and the activity of replanting had the lowest (0.008 ha hour-1). Concerned to the operation costs, the operations during the soil preparation for planting had the highest cost (32%), followed by maintenance activities (27%), previous activities of preparation of the area (22%) and plantation (19%)

PRODUTOS FLORESTAIS NÃO MADEIREIROS DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO: CARNAÚBA

O objetivo do artigo foi avaliar a competitividade dos principais produtos florestais não madeireiros provenientes da carnaúba nordestina, bem como estimar o preço dos produtos cera, pó e fibra. Foram obtidas a taxa de crescimento para a produção e a estimativa do preço de cada variável analisada (cera, pó e fibra) com base no valor bruto da produção (VBP) e quantidade produzida, no período de 1994 e 2014. Neste sentido, verificou-se que para a variável pó, houve um deslocamento da demanda para a direta, o que representa uma elevação na procura deste produto no mercado nacional. Para os demais produtos, cera e fibra de carnaúba, houve uma tendência de deslocamento da oferta para a esquerda, representando uma perda de produção no cenário regional.Palavra-chave: cera, pó, fibra. FOREST PRODUCTS NOT TIMBER THE BRAZILIAN NORTHEAST - CARNAUBA ABSTRACT:The aim of the paper was evaluate the competitiveness of the main non timber forest products originated from northeastern carnauba, and estimates the price of wax, powder and fiber products. Based on the gross value and amount of production, between 1994 and 2014, it was possible to find the production growth rate and the price of each product. And yet, estimate the price of each product. Therefore, it was possible to observe a shift to the right on the demand of powder product, and a shift to the left on the offer of wax and carnauba fiber products.Keywords: wax, powder, fiber