Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de distintos ecotipos de orégano en 25 de Mayo, La Pampa

Oregano is cultivated in semiarid regions with a negative water balance, therefore is necessary to apply irrigation according water needs. The area of 25 de mayo, La Pampa, which is fed by the Río Colorado, has an irrigation system that makes it suitable for this kind of farming. The goal of this paper was characterize productivity of four oregano ecotypes (Criollo, Mendocino, Cordobés and Compacto) in the irrigated area of 25 de Mayo. Dry matterin flowers and leaves of each ecotype was determined. The results showed that there were no significant differences in yield (p=0.05). However, it should be highlighted that important differences could be observed in the field where, Criollo and Cordobés ecotypes had highest productivity. The yield obtained was highest than in traditional areas, such as Mendoza and Córdoba, which makes the region under study a promising option for oregano production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/semiarida.2016(01).35-42El cultivo de orégano se desarrolla en regiones de clima semiárido en donde existe un balance hídrico negativo, siendo necesario contar con un sistema de irrigación que permita cubrir las necesidades de agua. La zona de 25 de Mayo, La Pampa, alimentada por el Río Colorado, posee un sistema de riego que la convierte en un área con alto potencial para dicha producción. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar el comportamiento productivo de cuatro ecotipos de orégano (Criollo, Mendocino, Cordobés y Compacto) en la zona bajo riego de 25 de Mayo. Para ello, se determinó el porcentaje de materia seca de flor y hoja, peso fresco y seco de parte aérea de las muestras de cada ecotipo. Los resultados mostraron que no existen diferencias significativas en relación al rendimiento (p=0.05). Sin embargo, productivamente se observan diferencias de importancia, siendo los ecotipos Criollo y Cordobés los de mejor comportamiento. Los rendimientos obtenidos fueron mayores al promedio de las regiones productoras por excelencia, tales como Mendoza y Córdoba, por lo que el área en estudio se presenta como una opción prometedora para la producción de orégano. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/semiarida.2016(01).35-4

Historia y pensamiento en torno al género

Presentación. Montserrat Huguet y Carmen González Marín(Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.).- I. HISTORIA. La polifacética imagen de las mujeres en la Unión Soviética en los años veinte y treinta, Laura Branciforte (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid).- Ellas y el mundo. Documentando el tiempo, Montserrat Huguet (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid).- Emilia sale de su jardín: la silenciosa conquista del espacio público por las artistas de la casa, Laura Sanz (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid).- María Victoria del Pozzo, una italiana en el trono español, Carmen Bolaños Mejías (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia).- Representaciones de la madre: la madre de Woody Allen, la de Philip Roth, incluso la de Otto Weinenger (la madre judía), Maya Siminovich (Grupo Kóre de Estudios de Género).- II. PENSAMIENTO. Violencia de género y la hipótesis de la violencia anómica, Carlos Thiebaut(Universidad Carlos III de Madrid).- La construcción política de las identidades: un alerta de género, María Luisa Femenías (Universidad Nacional de La Plata).- Los accidentes del espacio público, Carmen González Marín (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid).- More equal than others. Igualdad y diferencia en la teoría de género, Rocío Orsi Portalo (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid).- Nombrar lo innombrable. La autorrepresentación lingüística de grupos gays no convencionales, Alberto Bustos Plaza (Universidad de Extremadura).- Sobre el género gramatical y sus implicaciones sociológicas, M.ª Elena Azofra Sierra (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Pharmacovigilance in oncology: pattern of spontaneous notifications, incidence of adverse drug reactions and under-reporting

Estudos de farmacovigilância são imprescindíveis em oncologia, pois os antineoplásicos possuem alta toxicidade e estreita janela terapêutica. Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar o perfil das notificações espontâneas de reações adversas a medicamentos (RAM) em pacientes oncológicos e a incidência de RAM ao tratamento antineoplásico em um hospital terciário e universitário. Para compor o perfil de RAM, revisaram-se os formulários de notificação de reações em pacientes oncológicos do ano de 2010 e classificaram-se as reações conforme o medicamento envolvido, mecanismo, causalidade e gravidade. Para avaliar a incidência de reações, aplicou-se um questionário no momento da quimioterapia e a gravidade foi classificada pelos Critérios Comuns de Toxicidade. Apenas 10 reações foram notificadas ao Setor de Farmacovigilância, cujo perfil encontrado foi tipo B, grave, possível, e foram principalmente relacionadas aos compostos de platina e taxanos. Na análise da incidência das reações, observou-se que náusea, alopecia, fadiga, diarreia e distúrbio do paladar foram as reações mais frequentes relatadas por pacientes oncológicos, e as reações grau 3 e 4 não foram notificadas. De acordo com essas análises, propõe-se que os profissionais da saúde sejam treinados quanto às notificações e que farmacêuticos clínicos sejam cada vez mais inseridos neste contexto para redução da subnotificação de RAM.The high toxicity and narrow therapeutic window of antineoplastic agents makes pharmacovigilance studies essential in oncology. The objectives of the current study were to analyze the pattern of spontaneous notifications of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in oncology patients and to analyze the incidence of ADRs reported by outpatients on antineoplastic treatment in a tertiary care teaching hospital. To compose the pattern of ADR, the notification forms of reactions in oncology patients in 2010 were reviewed, and the reactions were classified based on the drug involved, mechanism, causality, and severity. To evaluate the incidence of reactions, a questionnaire at the time of chemotherapy was included, and the severity was classified based on the Common Terminology Criteria. The profiles of the 10 responses reported to the Pharmacovigilance Sector were type B, severe, possible, and they were primarily related to platinum compounds and taxanes. When the incidence of reactions was analyzed, it was observed that nausea, alopecia, fatigue, diarrhea, and taste disturbance were the most frequently reported reactions by oncology patients, and the grade 3 and 4 reactions were not reported. Based on this analysis, it is proposed that health professionals should be trained regarding notifications and clinical pharmacists should increasingly be brought on board to reduce under-reporting of ADRs

Género y espacio público: nueve ensayos

I. PERFILES: CAPÍTULO 1. Rocío Orsi Portalo (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid): Vírgenes y mártires. Dos escenarios premodernos.- CAPÍTULO 2. Cinta Canterla (Universidad Pablo de Olavide): La filosofía y la ciencia en el s. XVIII, a propósito de la biopolítica y la categorización de lo público y lo privado.- CAPÍTULO 3. Carmen González Marín (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid): La ansiedad de la diferencia.- CAPÍTULO 4. Laura Calvo Valdivieso (Editorial Impedimenta): Mujeres renacentistas en la “res publica litterarum”.- CAPÍTULO 5. María Jesús Fuente (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid): Cruzando el umbral. Mujeres en el proceso de paso del espacio privado al público -- II. HACIA LA CONTEMPORANEIDAD: CAPÍTULO 6. Laura Branciforte (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid): El “singular” recorrido de las mujeres en los espacios públicos contemporáneos.- CAPÍTULO 7. Montserrat Huguet Santos (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid): Espacios de papel: vidas domésticas y escrituras burguesas.- CAPÍTULO 8. Leticia Naranjo Gálvez (Universidad del Rosario): Opresión y representación de lo femenino. Apuntes sobre la capacidad de agencia y la fortuna moral.- CAPÍTULO 9. Rocío Navarro (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid): Mujeres españolas en el siglo XX: asociacionismo y activismo político (Estado de la cuestión

Ritmos contemporáneos. Género, política y sociedad en los siglos XIX y XX

INTRODUCCIÓN. Laura Branciforte y Rocío Orsi Portalo (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid).- I. LOS CAMINOS DE LA MODERNIZACIÓN (SIGLOS XIX Y XX): CIENCIA, EDUCACIÓN Y ACTIVISMOS POLÍTICO: CAPÍTULO 1. Montserrat Huguet Santos (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid): La derrota del progreso. Especie y género en los discursos científicosociales (de los siglos XIX y XX).- CAPÍTULO 2. Elisa Povedano Marrugat (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid): Mujeres y Educación artística en el siglo XIX.- CAPÍTULO 3. María Luisa Rico Gómez (Instituto de Historia - CSIC): Mujeres, conciencia y profesión en España: 1880-1930.- CAPÍTULO 4. Sandra Souto Kustrín (Instituto de Historia - CSIC): Tradición, modernidad y necesidades bélicas: organización y movilización de la mujer joven en la República en guerra.- CAPÍTULO 5. Celia Valiente Fernández (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid): ¿Ha existido un movimiento feminista católico en España? Mujeres de Acción Católica durante el franquismo -- II. DIALÉCTICAS DEL FEMINISMO: CAPÍTULO 6. Irene Strazzeri (Università degli Studi di Foggia): Riconoscimento e sfera pubblica. La differenza fuori e dentro le istituzioni.- CAPÍTULO 7. Carmen González Marín (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid): Contra la institución del feminismo.- CAPÍTULO 7. Sonia Reverter Bañón (Instituto Universitario de Estudios Feministas y de Génerp - Universitat Jaume I de Castellón): Feminismo institucional ¿Un feminismo líquido?.- CAPÍTULO 8. Begonya Saez Tajafuerce (Departament de filosofía / Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona): Feminismos de frontera: memoria y representación.- CAPÍTULO 9. Rocío Orsi Portalo (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid): De las mujeres y otros monstruos. A propósito de la novela de Mary Wollstonecraft Shelle

Evaluation of night-time aerosols measurements and lunar irradiance models in the frame of the first multi-instrument nocturnal intercomparison campaign

The first multi-instrument nocturnal aerosol optical depth (AOD) intercomparison campaign was held at the high-mountain Izaña Observatory (Tenerife, Spain) in June 2017, involving 2-min synchronous measurements from two different types of lunar photometers (Cimel CE318-T and Moon Precision Filter Radiometer, LunarPFR) and one stellar photometer. The Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) model developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was compared with the open-access ROLO Implementation for Moon photometry Observation (RIMO) model. Results showed rather small differences at Izaña over a 2-month time period covering June and July, 2017 (±0.01 in terms of AOD calculated by means of a day/night/day coherence test analysis and ± 2% in terms of lunar irradiance). The RIMO model has been used in this field campaign to retrieve AOD from lunar photometric measurements. No evidence of significant differences with the Moon's phase angle was found when comparing raw signals of the six Cimel photometers involved in this field campaign. The raw signal comparison of the participating lunar photometers (Cimel and LunarPFR) performed at coincident wavelengths showed consistent measurements and AOD differences within their combined uncertainties at 870 nm and 675 nm. Slightly larger AOD deviations were observed at 500 nm, pointing to some unexpected instrumental variations during the measurement period. Lunar irradiances retrieved using RIMO for phase angles varying between 0° and 75° (full Moon to near quarter Moon) were compared to the irradiance variations retrieved by Cimel and LunarPFR photometers. Our results showed a relative agreement within ± 3.5% between the RIMO model and the photometer-based lunar irradiances. The AOD retrieved by performing a Langley-plot calibration each night showed a remarkable agreement (better than 0.01) between the lunar photometers. However, when applying the Lunar-Langley calibration using RIMO, AOD differences of up to 0.015 (0.040 for 500 nm) were found, with differences increasing with the Moon's phase angle. These differences are thought to be partly due to the uncertainties in the irradiance models, as well as instrumental deficiencies yet to be fully understood. High AOD variability in stellar measurements was detected during the campaign. Nevertheless, the observed AOD differences in the Cimel/stellar comparison were within the expected combined uncertainties of these two photometric techniques. Our results indicate that lunar photometry is a more reliable technique, especially for low aerosol loading conditions. The uncertainty analysis performed in this paper shows that the combined standard AOD uncertainty in lunar photometry is dependent on the calibration technique (up to 0.014 for Langley-plot with illumination-based correction, 0.012–0.022 for Lunar-Langley calibration, and up to 0.1 for the Sun-Moon Gain Factor method). This analysis also corroborates that the uncertainty of the lunar irradiance model used for AOD calculation is within the 5–10% expected range. This campaign has allowed us to quantify the important technical difficulties that still exist when routinely monitoring aerosol optical properties at night-time. The small AOD differences observed between the three types of photometers involved in the campaign are only detectable under pristine sky conditions such as those found in this field campaign. Longer campaigns are necessary to understand the observed discrepancies between instruments as well as to provide more conclusive results about the uncertainty involved in the lunar irradiance models.This work has been developed within the framework of the activities of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations (CIMO) Izaña Testbed for Aerosols and Water Vapour Remote Sensing Instruments. AERONET sun photometers at Izaña have been calibrated within the AERONET Europe TNA, supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 654109 (ACTRIS‒2). CE318-T linearity check has been performed as part of the ESA-funded project “Lunar spectral irradiance measurement and modelling for absolute calibration of EO optical sensors” under ESA contract number: 4000121576/17/NL/AF/hh. LunarPFR has been performing measurements since 2014 in Norway thanks to Svalbard Science Forum funded project, 2014–2016. The authors would like to thank AERONET team for their support and also to NASA’s Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to help the implementation of the “SPICE” ancillary information system used in this study. We also thank Izaña's ITs for their work to implement the RIMO model in the free-access server. Special thanks should be given to Tom Stone, who has kindly provided us with the USGS/ROLO irradiance values used in the model comparison analysis. This work has also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and from Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF) ACE-GFAT (grant agreement no. 659398). The authors are grateful to Spanish MINECO (CTM2015-66742-R) and Junta de Castilla y León (VA100P17)

The Human Operculo-Insular Cortex Is Pain-Preferentially but Not Pain-Exclusively Activated by Trigeminal and Olfactory Stimuli

Increasing evidence about the central nervous representation of pain in the brain suggests that the operculo-insular cortex is a crucial part of the pain matrix. The pain-specificity of a brain region may be tested by administering nociceptive stimuli while controlling for unspecific activations by administering non-nociceptive stimuli. We applied this paradigm to nasal chemosensation, delivering trigeminal or olfactory stimuli, to verify the pain-specificity of the operculo-insular cortex. In detail, brain activations due to intranasal stimulation induced by non-nociceptive olfactory stimuli of hydrogen sulfide (5 ppm) or vanillin (0.8 ppm) were used to mask brain activations due to somatosensory, clearly nociceptive trigeminal stimulations with gaseous carbon dioxide (75% v/v). Functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) images were recorded from 12 healthy volunteers in a 3T head scanner during stimulus administration using an event-related design. We found that significantly more activations following nociceptive than non-nociceptive stimuli were localized bilaterally in two restricted clusters in the brain containing the primary and secondary somatosensory areas and the insular cortices consistent with the operculo-insular cortex. However, these activations completely disappeared when eliminating activations associated with the administration of olfactory stimuli, which were small but measurable. While the present experiments verify that the operculo-insular cortex plays a role in the processing of nociceptive input, they also show that it is not a pain-exclusive brain region and allow, in the experimental context, for the interpretation that the operculo-insular cortex splay a major role in the detection of and responding to salient events, whether or not these events are nociceptive or painful

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice

Prescription appropriateness of anti-diabetes drugs in elderly patients hospitalized in a clinical setting: evidence from the REPOSI Register

Diabetes is an increasing global health burden with the highest prevalence (24.0%) observed in elderly people. Older diabetic adults have a greater risk of hospitalization and several geriatric syndromes than older nondiabetic adults. For these conditions, special care is required in prescribing therapies including anti- diabetes drugs. Aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness and the adherence to safety recommendations in the prescriptions of glucose-lowering drugs in hospitalized elderly patients with diabetes. Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the REgistro POliterapie-Società Italiana Medicina Interna (REPOSI) that collected clinical information on patients aged ≥ 65 years acutely admitted to Italian internal medicine and geriatric non-intensive care units (ICU) from 2010 up to 2019. Prescription appropriateness was assessed according to the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria and anti-diabetes drug data sheets.Among 5349 patients, 1624 (30.3%) had diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. At admission, 37.7% of diabetic patients received treatment with metformin, 37.3% insulin therapy, 16.4% sulfonylureas, and 11.4% glinides. Surprisingly, only 3.1% of diabetic patients were treated with new classes of anti- diabetes drugs. According to prescription criteria, at admission 15.4% of patients treated with metformin and 2.6% with sulfonylureas received inappropriately these treatments. At discharge, the inappropriateness of metformin therapy decreased (10.2%, P < 0.0001). According to Beers criteria, the inappropriate prescriptions of sulfonylureas raised to 29% both at admission and at discharge. This study shows a poor adherence to current guidelines on diabetes management in hospitalized elderly people with a high prevalence of inappropriate use of sulfonylureas according to the Beers criteria