Genetic diversity and potential vectrors and reservoirs of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus in southeastern Spain

[EN] The genetic variability of a Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) (genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae) population was evaluated by determining the nucleotide sequences of two genomic regions of CABYV isolates collected in open-field melon and squash crops during three consecutive years in Murcia (southeastern Spain). A phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of two major clades. The sequences did not cluster according to host, year, or locality of collection, and nucleotide similarities among isolates were 97 to 100 and 94 to 97% within and between clades, respectively. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions reflected that all open reading frames have been under purifying selection. Estimates of the population's genetic diversity were of the same magnitude as those previously reported for other plant virus populations sampled at larger spatial and temporal scales, suggesting either the presence of CABYV in the surveyed area long before it was first described, multiple introductions, or a particularly rapid diversification. We also determined the full-length sequences of three isolates, identifying the occurrence and location of recombination events along the CABYV genome. Furthermore, our field surveys indicated that Aphis gossypii was the major vector species of CABYV and the most abundant aphid species colonizing melon fields in the Murcia (Spain) region. Our surveys also suggested the importance of the weed species Ecballium elaterium as an alternative host and potential virus reservoir.This work was supported by grants 11934/PI/09 (Fundacion Seneca de la Region de Murcia, Spain) and AGL2009-07552/AGR (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain). M. Kassem was recipient of a fellowship from the Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional-Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores (AECI-MAE). We thank V. Truniger for critically reading the manuscript, M. C. Montesinos and B. Gosalvez for their excellent technical assistance, and M. Fon for checking the English.Kassem, MA.; Juarez, M.; Gómez, P.; Mengual, CM.; Sempere, RN.; Plaza, M.; Elena Fito, SF.... (2013). Genetic diversity and potential vectrors and reservoirs of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus in southeastern Spain. Phytopathology. 103(11):1188-1197. https://doi.org/10.1094/ PHYTO-11-12-0280-RS118811971031

Cribado de la depresión mayor en la infancia y adolescencia (Parte 2)

El síndrome depresivo que aparece durante la infancia o la adolescencia tiende a seguir un curso crónico, con alta probabilidad de permanecer en la edad adulta. Su sintomatología repercute en la vida diaria del menor y, en el caso de la depresión mayor, supone un riesgo para la aparición de conducta suicida. Dada la variabilidad de sus manifestaciones clínicas y las dificultades en el diagnóstico, se plantea la posible utilidad del uso de cuestionarios de cribado en la población infantil y adolescente, a partir de un análisis del rendimiento de estos y de la eficacia de las medidas terapéuticas actuales. El presente trabajo se ha dividido en dos partes, y al final de este se recopilan las recomendaciones de distintos grupos de trabajo y tras el análisis de la evidencia, las recomendaciones que el grupo PrevInfad ha consensuado para la consulta de los pediatras en Atención Primaria

Evaluation of the relationship between effervescent paracetamol and blood pressure: clinical trial

Background: Paracetamol's solubility is achieved by adding to the excipient sodium salts, either as bicarbonate, carbonate or citrate. As the relationship between salt and hypertension is well known, due to the sodium content it has raised a hypothesis that may interfere with the control of that risk factor. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect on blood pressure of effervescent paracetamol compared to non-effervescent, in hypertensive patients. Methods/Design: This is the protocol of a phase IV multicenter clinical trial, randomized, controlled, crossover, open, which will compare the effect of two different formulations of paracetamol (effervescent or non-effervescent) in the blood pressure of hypertensive patients, with a seven weeks follow up. 49 controlled hypertensive patients will be included (clinical BP lower than 150 and 95 mmHg, and lower than 135 mmHg and 85 mmHg in patients with diabetes or a history of cardiovascular event, and daytime ambulatory measurements lower than 140 and 90 mmHg) and mild to moderate pain (Visual Analog Scale between 1 and 4). The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Fundació Jordi Gol i Gurina and following standards of good clinical practice. The primary endpoint will be the variations in systolic BP in 24 h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring, considering significant differences 2 or more mmHg among those treated with non-effervescent and effervescent formulations. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis will be held. Discussion: Despite the broad recommendation not to use effervescent drugs in patients with hypertension, there are relatively little studies that show exac tly this pressor effect due to sodium in salt that gives the effervescence of the product. This is the first clinical trial designed to study the effect of effervescence compared to the non-effervescent, in well-controlled hypertensive patients with mild to moderate pain, performed in routine clinical practic

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639

Ability of a urine gene expression classifier to reduce the number of follow-up cystoscopies in bladder cancer patients

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Ensayo de educación personalizada en Matemáticas

Experimentar qué técnicas de educación personalizada podrían incidir positivamente en corregir o modificar los siguientes obstáculos: 1. Falta de interés en el alumno; 2. Pasividad en la clase; 3. Desajustes en los procesos discursivos del profesor y libros de texto con los alumnos; 4. Mecanismo y no auténtico conocimiento en lo 'aprendido'; 5. Rendimiento bajo y alto índice de fracasos; 6. Falta de comunicación en la clase; 7. Carencia de un lenguaje matemático preciso. Compuesta por 516 alumnos de sexto, séptimo y octavo nivel de EGB para el grupo experimental y 343 de los mismos niveles para los grupos de control de distintos colegios de EGB en la provincia de Murcia. Proceso para determinar las variables que podrían tener incidencia en el desarrollo de la experiencia pasaron distintos cuestionarios para: 1. Descripción sociológica enmarcando la muestra en determinadas categorías que definan sus perfiles sociológicos. Estos indicadores fueron básicamente el medio de procedencia, profesión de los padres y estimación del nivel cultural. 2. Actitudes e intereses de los alumnos. 3. Pruebas para la evaluación de los objetivos alcanzados en Matemáticas. Asimismo se desarrolló un material de apoyo para el alumno adaptando los objetivos y contenidos de los programas renovados al tipo de metodología objeto de la experiencia. Cuestionario para la autoevaluación de intereses y actitudes del alumno, pruebas de evaluación inicial y final de Matemáticas para cada nivel, fichas de autocontrol del alumno y el profesor, cuestionario para detectar el nivel sociocultural. Análisis comparativo entre los grupos de control y experimentales. Se han observado sensibles mejoras en: aumento de la motivación por el estudio de las Matemáticas. Mejora del rendimiento académico de los alumnos. Se consigue una adaptación a los ritmos de aprendizaje personales. Desaparecen prácticamente los problemas de comportamiento inadecuado. La experiencia no ha introducido nuevos elementos en el campo metodológico tan solo ha acortado el camino entre los principios teóricos de la educación personalizada y la práctica docente.MurciaES