Taenia echinococcus cyst in the left rectus muscle

Hydatid cysts in the liver are not a rare occurrence whilst echinococcosis of muscle is less frequent and we have not found any reports of infestation of the Rectus muscle. A case history of a five year old boy is described, who was referred to the surgical out-patient clinic on the 25th January, 1968, for an abdominal mass, which was hard on palpation, mobile, not tender, about 1.5 inches in diameter, situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen one inch below the costal arch. The lump was removed, it was cystic and measured 1.5 by 1 inch. The pathologist's report said that muscle and fibrous tissue lined a cystic space; the lining was densely permeated by eosinophils and by some lymphoid cells; necrosis was present but no calcification. The acellular hyaline cuticle of Taenia echinococcus was fused to the invaded tissue as a laminated membrane.peer-reviewe

Book Review: Gender Policies in the European Union

Review of Gender Policies in the European Union, edited by Mariagrazia Rossill

Eye and neural defects associated with loss of GDF6

BACKGROUND: In Xenopus the bone morphogenetic protein growth and differentiation factor 6 (GDF6) is expressed at the edge of the neural plate, and within the anterior neural plate including the eye fields. Here we address the role of GDF6 in neural and eye development by morpholino knockdown experiments. RESULTS: We show that depletion of GDF6 (BMP13) resulted in a reduction in eye size, loss of laminar structure and a reduction in differentiated neural cell types within the retina. This correlated with a reduction in staining for Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation indicating a decrease in GDF6 signalling through loss of phosphorylation of these intracellular mediators of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling. In addition, the Pax6 expression domain is reduced in size at early optic vesicle stages. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is generally reduced in intensity along the neural tube, while in the retina and brain discreet patches of NCAM expression are also lost. GDF6 knock down resulted in an increase in cell death along the neural tube and within the retina as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that GDF6 has an important role in neural differentiation in the eye as well as within the central nervous system, and that GDF6 may act in some way to maintain cell survival within the ectoderm, during the normal waves of programmed cell death

A Happy Marriage: The Stop and Affricate Inventory of the Mixed Language Light Warlpiri (Australia)

This paper presents a first acoustic analysis of the stops and affricates of the mixed language Light Warlpiri (Australia). The results suggest that the Light Warlpiri phonological inventory consists of a voiced and voiceless series of stops and affricates, differentiated by Voice Onset Time (VOT) wordinitially and by Constriction Duration (CD) medially, by incorporating English-like VOT differentiation and Constriction duration differences found in Kriol and also in a number of traditional Indigenous Australian languages. Word-initially, stops from Warlpiri words pattern with English/Kriol voiced stops; medially with the ‘long’ stops in Kriol, /c/ being the exception in patterning with short /ʤ/, rather than the voiceless /ʧ/. This inventory allows speakers of Light Warlpiri to maintain sufficient phonemic contrasts to accommodate vocabulary items in Light Warlpiri sourced from English/Kriol as well as Warlpiri, the Indigenous Australian language that they also speak

The oral condition of elderly institutionalized males

A survey was carried out in the summer of 1966 of the oral condition of all male patients over 60 years old, at Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital Malta, a government geriatric institution. All the patients were examined with regards to the number and condition of the teeth, the presence of calculus and periodontal disease, and the degree of dental attrition. A questionnaire was completed on the drinking and smoking habits, masticatory ability, dry feeling of oral mucosa and subjective evaluation of dentures, when present. Further related subjects discussed following this survey are leukoplakia, pigmentation and other lesions. The geriatric patient tends to respond to noxious stimuli in an atrophic rather than in a productive manner so that dental and oral symptoms of disease are not prominent. This was evident in this survey and very few of the patients had any specific oral complaints. The dental surgeon has an important role in the health team looking after geriatric patients and should keep his patients under constant surveillance rather than wait for specific complaints.peer-reviewe

When more is more : the mixed language Light Warlpiri amalgamates source language phonologies to form a near-maximal inventory

This paper presents a combined analysis of the perception and production study of the mixed language Light Warlpiri (Australia), which systematically combines elements of Warlpiri, Kriol and English. The perception and production results suggest that the Light Warlpiri phonological inventory consists of a voiced and voiceless series of stops and affricates, differentiated by Voice Onset Time (VOT) word-initially and by Constriction Duration (CD) medially, by incorporating English-like VOT differentiation and Constriction duration differences found in Kriol and also in a number of traditional Indigenous Australian languages. The results also show that Light Warlpiri speakers perceptually differentiate stops and fricatives at the same POA, but that voicing distinctions in fricatives are more difficult to discriminate than voicing distinctions in stops. The large phonological inventory of Light Warlpiri combines most features of the source languages, allowing speakers of Light Warlpiri to maintain sufficient phonemic contrasts to accommodate vocabulary items in Light Warlpiri sourced from English/Kriol as well as Warlpiri