Essays on Experimental Analysis of Decision-Making under Risk and Ambiguity

This thesis contributes to the experimental literature on decision-making under risk and ambiguity. In chapters 1 and 2, I study how environments of increased uncertainty, which I model as increased uncertainty about the probability of an event occurring (i.e., ambiguity), affect the decision-making process, in two settings: in chapter 1, I focus on how this increased uncertainty influences preferences over the timing of resolution of uncertainty. The results of the experiment show that in a lottery choice problem, as the ex-ante likelihood of the good outcome occurring goes up, participants turn from wanting to receive partial information before the resolution of uncertainty to being averse to it. This result has important theoretical and applied implications. In chapter 2, I analyse how social identity (e.g., political ideas, gender, ethnicity) and the stereotypical decisions made by people in the same social group are used as a reference point by decision-makers when making uncertain decisions. I find that increased uncertainty makes participants in the experiment more likely to choose the same decision as the majority of participants that belong to their social group, especially participants who do not feel a strong identification with the group. In chapter 3, my co-authors and I look at how a global social and economic shock (namely, the COVID-19 pandemic) affects risk preferences in a sample of students and professional traders. We find no significant effect of the crisis on these preferences. This result gives support to standard economic theory, which considers these preferences to be stable. We also study if the crisis affects personality traits that are economically relevant, such as trust or locus of control. We find that some of these traits do change during the pandemic. The effect, however, is heterogeneous across samples of traders and students

Esquizofrenia: se a morte acontece sem aviso prévio, o que devemos propor para o futuro próximo?

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaNational Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental HealthUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Modelling and simulation of the effect loading on structures using and adaptive blending of discrete and finite element methods

We present a new computational model for predicting the effect of blast loading on structures. The model is based in the adaptive coupling of the finite element method (FEM) and the discrete element method (DEM) for the accurate reproduction of multifracturing and failure of structures under blast loading. In the paper we briefly describe the basis of the coupled DEM/FEM technology and demonstrate its efficiency in its application to the study of the effect of blast loading on a masonry wall, a masonry tunnel and a double curvature dam

La vulneración del derecho a la intimidad personal en el uso de las redes sociales en los jóvenes en la Provincia de Bagua en el año 2021

En el desarrollo de la investigación denominada “La vulneración del derecho a la intimidad personal en el uso de las redes sociales en los jóvenes en la provincia de Bagua en el año 2021, la misma que ha sido estudiada en la población de los jóvenes de la provincia de Bagua, cuya muestra de estudio estuvo comprendida por 70 jóvenes; asimismo, para llevar a cabo la indagación usamos los siguientes métodos: lógico-inductivo, deductivo, descriptivo y analítico; además, el recojo de los productos se logró de acuerdo a las siguientes herramientas: formularios de recolección de información, cuestionarios, encuestas y guías de entrevista. Los resultados obtenidos de la investigación realizada se procesan mediante el uso de estadística descriptiva y se presentan en gráficos de barras y gráficos para su mejor comprensión, estos resultados se desarrollan de manera clara y precisa con referencia a la pregunta general de investigación, objetivos e hipótesis de investigación, y Analizando y discutiendo los problemas planteados de esta manera también pueden sacar conclusiones, lo que es útil para resolver los problemas