A estruturação harmônica da canção "Maria, Maria" de Milton Nascimento e Fernando Brant – A articulação do elemento pedal como recurso criativo de exploração da harmonia

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da estruturação musical da canção Maria, Maria de Milton Nascimento e Fernando Brant, com foco especial na harmonia, numa perspectiva de identificar como a articulação do que está sendo aqui denominado de elemento pedal é administrada e como tal recurso revela-se importante para o entendimento das soluções criativas exploradas pelo compositor. Para tanto, apresenta-se uma breve discussão acerca do termo pedal localizando-o, como recurso norteador da estruturação harmônica, dentro da prática composicional do agrupamento de músicos identificados pelo termo Clube da Esquina e como tal recurso se relaciona com a construção musical da referida canção

Ritmos brasileiros para violão

Este texto tem como objetivo compartilhar parte das experiências vivenciadas no curso de extensão online Ritmos Brasileiros para Violão, realizado em quatro edições entre os anos de 2020 e 2022, como iniciativa de três docentes do curso de Graduação em Música da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Pretende-se, aqui, fazer um breve histórico das ações propostas, refletir sobre a forma de elaboração do projeto e seu impacto junto aos participantes. O presente relato também serve como forma de avaliar o trabalho e de se pensar em possíveis desdobramentos da atividade extensionista em um momento pós-pandemia

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Editor MIDI para violão com articulação humanizada nota a nota e qualidade acústica em linguagem funcional pura

This work presents as main goal to implement a computational application that allows the user create MIDI musical sequences for guitar. The difference of the musical sequences generated by the software resides in the fact that each musical note of the MIDI sequence can be modified for the inclusion of humanized articulation, individualized and with timbral qualities like an acoustic instrument. The sound resulted of these sequences is render in other musical formats, such as Wave. The application interface and functions are developed in pure functional paradigm (based on lambda calculus). This choice avoids the use of dlls and other resources strongly dependent of operational system version. The choice of the functional language Clean is justified in this work, by the reason of being one of the two more efficient languages of the actuality (according to analysis of specialized benchmarks). In the implementation of the manipulation functions of SMF files and interface generated libraries that will allow extending this work for another soloists (monophonic) instruments. This application presents an adherent interface with all kinds of users. In order to manipulate SMF files, many libraries were developed, allowing extending this work for other soloists (monophonic) instruments. This application presents an adherent interface with all levels of users.Mestre em CiênciasEste trabalho apresenta como objetivo principal implementar um aplicativo computacional que permita ao usuário criar seqüências musicais MIDI para violão. O diferencial dos arquivos (seqüências musicais) gerados reside no fato de que cada nota musical da seqüência MIDI poderá ser editável para inclusão de articulação humanizada, individualizada e com qualidade timbral de um instrumento acústico. O resultado sonoro destas seqüências, além de gerar arquivos MIDI SMF, é renderizado em outros formatos musicais, tais como Wave. O aplicativo é desenvolvido em paradigma funcional puro, baseado em cálculo lâmbda, tanto no desenvolvimento das funções de manipulação dos arquivos, quanto no desenvolvimento da interface visual. Esta escolha evita a utilização de dlls e outros recursos com validade temporal fortemente dependente da versão do sistema operacional. A escolha da linguagem Clean é justificada no trabalho, entre outros motivos por ser uma das duas linguagens mais eficientes da atualidade, conforme análise de benchmarks especializados. Na construção das funções de manipulação dos arquivos SMF e da interface são geradas bibliotecas que permitirão estender o trabalho não apenas para o instrumento violão, mas, também, para outros instrumentos, principalmente para os solistas (nonofônicos). O aplicativo disponibiliza uma interface aderente ao usuário, a qual permite a um músico leigo na manipulação de programas de computação musical, utilizá-la sem dificuldades

Efficiency of calf production of cows from two genetic groups

The objective was to evaluate the effect of weight, age and production efficiency of cows from genetic groups based on the calf weight at calving and at weaning. For a period of five years, data of 120 cows (60 Angus-Nellore (AN) and 60 Simmental-Nellore (SN)) at four to nine-years of age were evaluated. All cows were maintained on Brachiaria decumbens pastures, with two forage availability levels (high and low), distributed in a randomized-block design. The cows were placed together with Canchim bulls to generate the crossbred calves. A supplement, consisting of 200 g/kg crude protein and 820 g/kg of total digestible nutrients, was provided to the calves in creep feeding until 210 days-old (weaning). Supplement had a significant effect on the weight of the cow at calving and weaning. The average weights of the Angus-Nellore cows were 529.19 and 514.23 kg at calving and on the weaning day, respectively. These values were higher for Simmental-Nellore cows, which presented 569.60 and 542.59 kg, respectively. The male-calf weight at weaning was 254.69 kg, which was higher than the females (237.70 kg). Genetic group had no effect on weaning weight. The average weight for Canchim × Angus-Nellore calves was 243.41 kg and for Canchim × Simmental-Nellore it was 248.98 kg. Cow age affected weaning weight, promoting a linear increase of 0.804 kg in the weaning weight each year. Younger and smaller cows (Angus-Nellore) are more efficient for calf production

Design e planejamento: aspectos tecnológicos

Os trabalhos apresentados neste livro resultam da linha de pesquisa O Planejamento de Produto, vinculada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Design (PPGDesign) da Faculdade de Arquitetura, Artes e Comunicação da UNESP. Demonstram as muitas possibilidades dessa área, partindo dos novos conceitos de Design, muitas vezes chamado de Design Cultural, Design Étnico ou Design Vernacular. Tais designações se referem à produção cultural humana, independente da forma de produção (industrial ou manual) ou do estagio de avanço tecnológico em que se encontra o grupo étnico que o produz. Destacam-se na obra trabalhos sobre o Design Étnico, a Gestão de Design, a pratica profissional, as metodologias dos projetos, o Design de Moda, o Design de Superfície, e ainda as tecnologias computacionais e a arquitetura no design. Olhares diversos como esses permitem vislumbrar novos cenários e sujeitos, com a introdução de tecnologias inovadoras, novos materiais e processos, fatores que devem ser considerados e discutidos quando se ensina, pesquisa e projet