164 research outputs found

    Child Malnutrition, Social Development and Health Services in the Andean Region

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    This study analyzes social, ethnic and regional determinants of child malnutrition, as well as the effects of access to health services in the Andean Region, through a comparison between Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. These three countries share a profile with high stunting prevalence and strong socio-economic, regional and ethnic disparities. The analysis is conducted using DHS (Peru 1992, 1996 and 2000, Bolivia 1997) and LSMS (Ecuador 1998) surveys and it focuses on an international comparative perspective. In the case of Ecuador a detailed analysis is provided. The main task was to identify the determinants of the z-score indicators for height and weight for age. For that matter, multiple equation models were estimated, applying instrumental variables and combining different multivariate procedures, to identify the relative importance of education, housing, ethnicity and contextual regional factors as determinants of stunting in each national case. In all cases we have found strong negative ethnic effects of indigenous ethnicity as well as contextual regional negative factors for highland regions. The results remain significant even after controlling for all relevant socio- economic determinants, such as education, housing and economic status, with few exceptions.nutrition,health,child,cronic,waste,stunting,Child anthropometric measures Principal component analysis

    Child Malnutrition, Social Development and Health Services in the Andean Region

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    This paper analyzes the social, ethnic and regional determinants of child malnutrition, as well as the effects of access to health services in the Andean region, by comparing conditions in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. These three countries are marked by a high prevalence of stunting and by wide socioeconomic, regional and ethnic disparities. The analysis used Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Peru (1992, 1996 and 2000) and Bolivia (1997), and Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) data for Ecuador (1998). The paper adopts an international comparative perspective, analyzing Ecuador in particular detail.

    Aportes de Hegel al debate contemporáneo sobre la sociedad civil

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    En Hegel vemos, por primera vez, cómo los problemas del pensamiento son puestos como reflejo de los problemas de la realidad. Una comprensión adecuada de la realidad debe partir de la comprensión del propio sujeto en medio de esa realidad.  La sociedad civil comporta un tema complejo en relación con la filosofía.  Ella misma supone unas contradicciones internas. Por eso la sociedad civil debe plantearse más allá de sí misma, no sólo para superar las contradicciones que le son inherentes, sino para poder preservar la particularidad de los individuos que ella misma ha engendrado.In Hegel’s work, we see how, for the first time as the problems of thought are set as a reflection of the problems of reality. Indeed, for Hegel, a correct understanding of reality must be based on an understanding of the subject itself in the midst of that reality. Civil society involves a complex issue in relation with philosophy. Itself has some internal contradictions. Therefore we should consider something beyond civil society, not only to overcome its own contradictions, but also to preserve the individuals’ particularity she has spawned

    ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO DEL TEMA DE LA VIOLENCIA EN LA VORÁGINE DE JOSÉ EUSTASIO RIVERA

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    La Vorágine, novela insigne de la literatura colombiana e hispanoamericana, retrata de manera singular la violencia. Nos muestra en los personajes cómo la búsqueda de la libertad a cualquier costo y de un futuro promisorio trae consigo la perdición. En el presente artículo propongo hacer  una refl exión fi losófi ca que nos ayude a abordar la violencia como objeto de conocimiento. En primer lugar, analizar el relato. Debemos considerar algunos aspectos, tales como: la doble naturaleza del mundo, el absurdo y la dinámica autoproductiva de la violencia. Posteriormente, de la mano de otros autores, podremos constatar cómo estos aspectos admiten nuevos planteamientos. La destrucción del ser humano se revela como autodestrucción, pero la violencia no tiene la última palabra. En  el ser humano está la clave para superar este estado de violencia y dar el paso a su redención. Por último, este artículo debe motivarnos a considerar nuevas formas de ser y de actuar en el mundo apartir del modo como nos relacionemos con lo otro

    Comisiones nacionales de bioética: en la intersección entre la moral, el derecho y la política

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    Propósito/Contexto. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar los alcances y límites de intervención de las comisiones nacionales de bioética en la regulación de la maternidad subrogada en los contextos colombiano, español y norteamericano. Las comisiones nacionales de bioética tienen la importante misión de asistir a los gobiernos nacionales, órganos de poder y dependencias en temas de bioética. La maternidad subrogada reviste hoy un carácter prioritario para los países, a nivel individual y global. Metodología/Enfoque. La investigación que soporta el artículo es teórica con enfoque cualitativo. El método empleado es analítico-sintético. La técnica utilizada es documental. Primero se toma una muestra amplia de los resultados, los cuales se clasifican y organizan en tablas; posteriormente, se analizan de manera crítica de acuerdo a los casos de estudio. Resultados/Hallazgos. Los resultados más relevantes para este estudio constituyen las comisiones nacionales de bioética de Colombia, España y EE.UU. y un conjunto de documentos emitidos por estas comisiones que han abordado el tema la maternidad subrogada. Se evidencia que ha sido poca la injerencia de las comisiones nacionales de bioética en el tema de la maternidad subrogada. Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. El derecho y la política han tenido, más bien, poco influjo en el tema de la maternidad subrogada. Resulta una necesidad hoy hablar de un “derecho de la subrogación” así como de una “política de la subrogación”, por ende también de una “moral de la subrogación”, donde las comisiones nacionales de bioética, como principales escenarios de deliberación moral en este tema, juegan un papel determinante

    Análisis crítico del tema de la violencia en La vorágine de José Eustasio Rivera

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    La vorágine es una novela insigne de la literatura colombiana e hispanoamericana que trata de manera singular el tema de la violencia. Este artículo propone una reflexión filosófica novedosa para abordar la violencia como objeto de conocimiento. Se plantea, en primer lugar, un nuevo enfoque a partir de la teoría literaria, enseguida se consideran aspectos del relato, tales como: la doble naturaleza del mundo, el absurdo y la dinámica autoproductiva de la violencia y con ayuda de varios autores, constatamos cómo estos mismos aspectos admiten nuevas aproximaciones. Este artículo nos lleva a pensar nuevas formas de ser y de actuar en el mundo a partir del modo como nos relacionamos con lo otro. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.19

    Propuesta del diseño de la capa de rodadura para las vías de la urbanización Vista Hermosa, cantón Pallatanga, provincia de Chimborazo

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    El presente trabajo de investigación se enfoca en el diseño y estudio de la capa de, rodadura, del pavimento flexible para la urbanización Vista Hermosa, su principal objetivo es la mejora en la calidad y durabilidad de las vías de circulación internas. Se emplearon métodos ingenieriles de conteo vehicular y el diseño de pavimento para evaluar las condiciones del tráfico actual, para proponer soluciones adecuadas. En primer lugar, se realizó un conteo vehicular en diferentes días y horarios de la semana con el fin de recabar datos precisos del flujo de tráfico vehicular en la zona. Estos datos fueron analizados y utilizados para determinar las cargas de tráfico esperadas en las vías de la urbanización, para la obtención del número equivalente de ejes ESAL´S, ya que es parámetro esencial para el diseño de la superficie vial del pavimento. Posteriormente, se realizó un estudio de diseño de pavimento utilizando métodos y estándares establecidos por la normativa vigente AASHTO 93. Se consideraron factores como el tráfico esperado, tipologías del suelo, el clima local y el material disponible en el área de trabajo. Con base en estos análisis, se propuso una estructura superficial de pavimento sobre una capa flexible; cumpliendo los requerimientos de resistencia y durabilidad. Se obtuvieron resultados que demuestran que la capa de rodadura y el diseño de pavimento propuesto es adecuado para la Urbanización Vista Hermosa. Finalmente, luego de un estudio económico con proyección a 20 años, se determinó que es factible desde lo técnico y financiero; con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de los futuros habitantes al proporcionar una infraestructura vial confiable y duradera.This research work focuses on the design and study of the rolling layer of the flexible pavement for the Vista Hermosa urbanization, its main objective is to improve the quality and durability of internal circulation roads. Engineering methods of vehicle count and pavement design were used to evaluate current traffic conditions, to propose appropriate solutions. First, a vehicle count was carried out on different days and times of the week in order to collect precise data on the flow of vehicular traffic in the area. These data were analyzed and used to determine the expected traffic loads on the roads of the urbanization, to obtain the equivalent number of ESAL'S axes, since it is an essential parameter for the design of the road surface of the pavement. Subsequently, a pavement design study was carried out using methods and standards established by the current AASHTO 93 regulations. Factors such as expected traffic, soil typologies, local climate and the material available in the work area were considered. Based on these analyses, a pavement surface structure on a flexible layer was proposed; meeting the requirements of resistance and durability. Results were obtained that show that the surface layer and the proposed pavement design is adequate for the Vista Hermosa Urbanization. Finally, after an economic study with a 20-year projection, it was determined that it is technically and financially feasible; in order to improve the quality of life of future inhabitants by providing a reliable and durable road infrastructure

    Surrogacy: challenges for the law in a globalized world

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    There is information that the first studies and the first births of children conceived through in vitro fertilization took place in the last quarter of the 20th century, but the first case of litigation related to surrogacy (Johnson v. Calvert) is registered at the beginning of the 1990s in the USA, before the Supreme Court of California, which means that the practice of surrogacy is relatively recent. The first known legal developments are in jurisprudence, the regulation on the subject has been later. The research problem revolves around the question: what are the scope and limits of the Law in relation to surrogacy? To answer it, the scope and limits of intervention of the Law in relation to surrogacy in a globalized world are determined. The research is theoretical with a qualitative approach. The method adopted is the systemic-structural-functional. Although it begins by making a description and comparison between legal systems of three countries: Colombia, USA and Spain, it identifies the essential elements of surrogacy and ends by explaining how these elements interact in the law and how the law interacts with the ethics and politics in the context of surrogacy today.Há informações de que os primeiros estudos e os primeiros nascimentos de crianças concebidas por fertilização in vitro ocorreram no último quartel do século XX, mas o primeiro caso de litígio relacionado à barriga de aluguel (Johnson versus Calvert) foi registrado no início da década de 1990 nos Estados Unidos, perante a Suprema Corte da Califórnia, isso significa que a prática da barriga de aluguel é relativamente recente. Os primeiros desenvolvimentos legais conhecidos estão na jurisprudência, já a regulamentação sobre o assunto foi posterior. O problema desta pesquisa tratou da questão: quais são os alcances e limites da lei em relação à barriga de aluguel? Para respondê-la, foram determinados os alcances e limites de intervenção do direito em relação à barriga de aluguel em um mundo globalizado. A pesquisa desenvolvida foi teórica com abordagem qualitativa. O método adotado foi o sistêmico-estrutural-funcional. O artigo inicia descrevendo e comparando os sistemas jurídicos de três países: Colômbia, Estados Unidos e Espanha; em seguida, identifica os elementos essenciais da barriga de aluguel e termina explicando como esses elementos interagem no direito e como o direito interage com a ética e a política no contexto da barriga de aluguel atualmente.Hay información que los primeros estudios y los primeros nacimientos de niños concebidos mediante fecundación in vitro tuvieron lugar en el último cuarto del siglo XX, pero el primer caso de litigio relacionado con maternidad subrogada (Johnson v. Calvert) se registra a comienzos de los 90 en EE.UU., ante la Corte Suprema de California, esto quiere decir, que la práctica de la maternidad subrogada es relativamente reciente. Los primeros desarrollos jurídicos conocidos son en jurisprudencia; la regulación sobre la materia ha sido posterior. El problema de investigación gira en torno a la pregunta ¿Cuáles son los alcances y límites del Derecho en relación con la maternidad subrogada? Para responderla, se determinan los alcances y límites de intervención del Derecho en relación con la maternidad subrogada en un mundo globalizado. La investigación es teórica con enfoque cualitativo. El método adoptado es el si stémico-estructural-funcional. Aunque comienza haciendo una descripción y comparación entre ordenamientos jurídicos de tres países: Colombia, EE.UU. y España, identifica los elementos esenciales de la maternidad subrogada y termina explicando cómo estos elementos interactúan en el derecho y cómo el derecho interactúa con la ética y la política en el contexto de la maternidad subrogada hoy en día

    A demonstration area for type 2 diabetes prevention in Barranquilla and Juan Mina (Colombia) Baseline characteristics of the study participants

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    Type 2 diabetes (T2D) imposes a heavy public health burden in both developed and developing countries. It is necessary to understand the effect of T2D in different settings and population groups. This report aimed to present baseline characteristics of study participants in the demonstration area for the Type 2 Diabetes Prevention in Barranquilla and Juan Mina (DEMOJUAN) project after randomization and to compare their fasting and 2-hour glucose levels according to lifestyle and T2D risk factor levels. The DEMOJUAN project is a randomized controlled field trial. Study participants were recruited from study sites using population-wide screening using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire. All volunteers with FINDRISC of >= 13 points were invited to undergo an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Participant inclusion criteria for the upcoming field trial were either FINDRISC of >= 13 points and 2-hour post-challenge glucose level of 7.0 to 11.0mmol/L or FINDRISC of >= 13 points and fasting plasma glucose level of 6.1 to 6.9mmol/L. Lifestyle habits and risk factors for T2D were assessed by trained interviewers using a validated questionnaire. Among the 14,193 participants who completed the FINDRISC questionnaire, 35% (n=4915) had a FINDRISC score of >= 13 points and 47% (n=2306) agreed to undergo the OGTT. Approximately, 33% (n=772) of participants underwent the OGTT and met the entry criteria; these participants were randomized into 3 groups. There were no statistically significant differences found in anthropometric or lifestyle risk factors, distribution of the glucose metabolism categories, or other diabetes risk factors between the 3 groups (P>.05). Women with a past history of hyperglycaemia had significantly higher fasting glucose levels than those without previous hyperglycaemia (103 vs 99mg/dL; P Lifestyle habits and risk factors were evenly distributed among the 3 study groups. No differences were found in fasting or 2-hour glucose levels among different lifestyle or risk factor categories with the exception of body mass index, past history of hyperglycaemia, and age of 64 years in women.Peer reviewe

    A demonstration area for type 2 diabetes prevention in Barranquilla and Juan Mina (Colombia)

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    Type 2 diabetes (T2D) imposes a heavy public health burden in both developed and developing countries. It is necessary to understand the effect of T2D in different settings and population groups. This report aimed to present baseline characteristics of study participants in the demonstration area for the “Type 2 Diabetes Prevention in Barranquilla and Juan Mina” (DEMOJUAN) project after randomization and to compare their fasting and 2-hour glucose levels according to lifestyle and T2D risk factor levels. The DEMOJUAN project is a randomized controlled field trial. Study participants were recruited from study sites using population-wide screening using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire. All volunteers with FINDRISC of ≥13 points were invited to undergo an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Participant inclusion criteria for the upcoming field trial were either FINDRISC of ≥13 points and 2-hour post-challenge glucose level of 7.0 to 11.0 mmol/L or FINDRISC of ≥13 points and fasting plasma glucose level of 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L. Lifestyle habits and risk factors for T2D were assessed by trained interviewers using a validated questionnaire. Among the 14,193 participants who completed the FINDRISC questionnaire, 35% (n = 4915) had a FINDRISC score of ≥13 points and 47% (n = 2306) agreed to undergo the OGTT. Approximately, 33% (n = 772) of participants underwent the OGTT and met the entry criteria; these participants were randomized into 3 groups. There were no statistically significant differences found in anthropometric or lifestyle risk factors, distribution of the glucose metabolism categories, or other diabetes risk factors between the 3 groups (P \u3e .05). Women with a past history of hyperglycaemia had significantly higher fasting glucose levels than those without previous hyperglycaemia (103 vs 99 mg/dL; P \u3c .05). Lifestyle habits and risk factors were evenly distributed among the 3 study groups. No differences were found in fasting or 2-hour glucose levels among different lifestyle or risk factor categories with the exception of body mass index, past history of hyperglycaemia, and age of ≥64 years in women. Trial registration: NCT01296100 (2/12/2011; Clinical trials.gov)
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