Measurement of ocular torsion variation following superior oblique tenectomy

Purposes: To objectively evaluate the torsional effect of the superior oblique muscle-weakening surgery using the tenectomy technique proposed by Souza-Dias. Methods: The present prospective study included 10 patients (20 eyes) with horizontal strabismus, bilateral superior oblique overaction and A-pattern of 15 to 30 prism diopters who underwent superior oblique tenectomy. Objective assessment of ocular torsion was performed by retinography immediately before and one month after surgery. The amount of ocular torsion was determined by measuring the angle formed by a horizontal line drawn across the geometric center of the optic disc and a second line connecting this point to the fovea. Results: The median preoperative angle was 5.56° in the right eyes and -3.43° in the left eyes. The median postoperative angle was 1.84° in the right eyes and -3.12° in the left eyes. The angle variation was statistically significant in both eyes (p=0.012 and p=0.01, respectively). Conclusion: The present study suggests that superior oblique tenectomy has an extorter effect, decreasing the intorsion detected on overaction of this muscle

Canibalismo, desempenho de crescimento e composição corporal de juvenis de trairão em diferentes fotoperíodos

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of photoperiod on the cannibalism, growth, and body composition of giant trahira (Hoplias intermedius) juveniles. A completely randomized design was employed, with four photoperiods - 0L:24D, 6L:18D, 12L:12D, and 18L:6D, hours of light (L): dark (D) - and four replicates, for a period of 90 days. The analyzed parameters were: cannibalism, growth in weight and length, food consumption, feed conversion, protein efficiency rate, muscle growth, and body composition (moisture, lipid, ash, and crude protein). Fish from the 12L:12D photoperiod showed the highest survival rate and no cannibalism, as well as a great uniformity for length and mass values at the end of the experiment. The best photoperiod for giant trahira juveniles is 12L:12D, as these fish showed growth uniformity and no cannibalism, while fish from the 6L:18D and 18L:6D groups had a greater diameter of white muscle fibers and a higher frequency of greater diameter fibers. Giant trahira showed the lowest value for lipids at 6L:18D and the highest value at 12L:12D. Photoperiod affects survival and cannibalism; regarding body composition, only lipids are influenced by photoperiod.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito do fotoperíodo sobre o canibalismo, o crescimento e a composição corporal de juvenis de trairão (Hoplias intermedius). Um delineamento inteiramente casualizado foi empregado, com quatro fotoperíodos - 0L:24D, 6L:18D, 12L:12D e 18L:6D horas de luz (L) por horas de escuridão (D) - e quatro repetições, pelo período de 90 dias. Os parâmetros analisados foram: canibalismo, crescimento em peso e comprimento, consumo alimentar, conversão alimentar, taxa de eficiência proteica, crescimento muscular e composição corporal (umidade, lipídios, cinzas e proteína bruta). Os peixes do fotoperíodo 12L:12D apresentaram maior taxa de sobrevivência e nenhum canibalismo, bem como grande uniformidade nos valores de comprimento e massa ao final do experimento. O melhor fotoperíodo para juvenis de trairão é 12L:12D, uma vez que os peixes mostraram uniformidade de crescimento e nenhum canibalismo, enquanto peixes dos grupos 6L:18D e 18L:6D apresentaram maior diâmetro de fibras musculares brancas e maior frequência de fibras de maior diâmetro. Os peixes apresentaram menor valor de lipídios no fotoperíodo 6L:18D, e o maior valor no 12L:12D. O fotoperíodo afeta a sobrevivência e o canibalismo; quanto à composição corporal, somente os lípidos são influenciados pelo fotoperíodo

Investigação sobre brucelose bovina na Ilha de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brasil

Considering the lack of information about livestock diseases on Brazilian oceanic islands, the occurrence of bovine brucellosis was investigated on the island of Fernando de Noronha, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Serum samples were collected in October 2009, from all the 105 cows raised on the island at that time. These were examined concurrently using the Rose Bengal test and the Complement Fixation Test. All the samples were negative in both tests, indicating that the cows on the island were likely free from infection by smooth forms of Brucella. These results can partly be explained by the prohibition of introduction and importation of both small and large-sized animals that had been implemented through District Decree 19 of February 28, 2004.Tendo em vista a inexistência de informações sobre a ocorrência da brucelose bovina em ilhas oceânicas brasileiras, investigou-se a presença da infecção na ilha de Fernando de Noronha, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Soros de todas as 105 fêmeas bovinas existentes, colhidos em outubro de 2009, foram examinados concomitantemente pelo teste do Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado e pela Reação de Fixação de Complemento. Todas as amostras foram negativas em ambos os testes, indicando que provavelmente os animais presentes na ilha encontravam-se livres da infecção por Brucella. Estes resultados podem ser explicados, em partes, pela proibição da introdução e importação de grandes e pequenos animais, implementada pelo Decreto Distrital 19, de 28 de fevereiro de 2004

Violence, trafficking and drug use in public schools in Belém -Pará - Brazil

The research shows how violence, trafficking and drug use has been recurrent within schools, causing directions that are difficult to contour by Brazilian government officials. The research had a qualitative and quantitative character. The method used was interviews with teachers and the use of questionnaires with a group of one hundred and seventy students and sixteen teachers. Among all the problems, misery; the use of drugs; the arrival of adolescence; the insertion of the researched group in risk areas belonging to Perverse Territorialization; the lack of definition of a full and adequate curriculum for our social problems; the lack of adequate punishment; the influence of family habitus has contributed to the spread of violence, stimulating parallel activities with the predominance of drug trafficking and organized crime where it presents a growing approximation with the local community in need of all types of services and improvements not provided by the State, causing the increase in all crime rates, the increase in drug trafficking as well as the increase in cases of psychological disorders. Among these reasons, violence in the school environment has increased. The actions necessary to reduce school violence are pointed out in this article, knowing that for its consolidation, the support of the school community and the creation of internal codes of conduct essential to living in the school environment are necessary

Pré-eclâmpsia : rastreamento universal ou prevenção universal para países de baixa e média-renda?

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a severe disorder that affects up to 8% of all pregnancies and represents an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The screening of the disease is a subject of studies, but the complexity and uncertainties regarding its etiology make this objective a difficult task. In addition, the costs related to screening protocols, the heterogeneity of the most affected populations and the lack of highly effective prevention methods reduce the potential of current available algorithms for screening. Thus, the National Specialized Commission of Hypertension in Pregnancy of the Brazilian Association of Gynecology and Obstetrics Federation (Febrasgo, in the Portuguese acronym) (NSC Hypertension in Pregnancy of the Febrasgo) considers that there are no screening algorithms to be implemented in the country to date and advocates that Aspirin and calcium should be widely used.A Pré-eclâmpsia (PE) é uma doença grave que acomete ~8% das gestações e representa importante causa de morbimortalidade, tanto materna quanto perinatal. O rastreamento da doença émotivo de estudos, porém a complexidade e as incertezas quanto a sua etiologia tornam esse objetivo bastante difícil. Além disso, os custos relacionados com o rastreamento, a heterogeneidade das populações mais afetadas e ainda a falta de métodos de prevenção de grande eficácia reduzem o potencial dos algoritmos de rastreamento. Assim, a Comissão Nacional Especializada sobre Hipertensão na Gravidez da Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (CNE Hipertensão na Gravidez da FEBRASGO) considera que não há algoritmos de rastreamento que possam ser aplicados no país nesse momento e defende a utilização dos métodos de prevenção como ácido acetilsalicílico e cálcio de maneira ampla

Canibalismo, desempenho de crescimento e composição corporal de juvenis de trairão em diferentes fotoperíodos

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of photoperiod on the cannibalism, growth, and body composition of giant trahira (Hoplias intermedius) juveniles. A completely randomized design was employed, with four photoperiods – 0L:24D, 6L:18D, 12L:12D, and 18L:6D, hours of light (L): dark (D) – and four replicates, for a period of 90 days. The analyzed parameters were: cannibalism, growth in weight and length, food consumption, feed conversion, protein efficiency rate, muscle growth, and body composition (moisture, lipid, ash, and crude protein). Fish from the 12L:12D photoperiod showed the highest survival rate and no cannibalism, as well as a great uniformity for length and mass values at the end of the experiment. The best photoperiod for giant trahira juveniles is 12L:12D, as these fish showed growth uniformity and no cannibalism, while fish from the 6L:18D and 18L:6D groups had a greater diameter of white muscle fibers and a higher frequency of greater diameter fibers. Giant trahira showed the lowest value for lipids at 6L:18D and the highest value at 12L:12D. Photoperiod affects survival and cannibalism; regarding body composition, only lipids are influenced by photoperiod.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito do fotoperíodo sobre o canibalismo, o crescimento e a composição corporal de juvenis de trairão (Hoplias intermedius). Um delineamento inteiramente casualizado foi empregado, com quatro fotoperíodos – 0L:24D, 6L:18D, 12L:12D e 18L:6D horas de luz (L) por horas de escuridão (D) – e quatro repetições, pelo período de 90 dias. Os parâmetros analisados foram: canibalismo, crescimento em peso e comprimento, consumo alimentar, conversão alimentar, taxa de eficiência proteica, crescimento muscular e composição corporal (umidade, lipídios, cinzas e proteína bruta). Os peixes do fotoperíodo 12L:12D apresentaram maior taxa de sobrevivência e nenhum canibalismo, bem como grande uniformidade nos valores de comprimento e massa ao final do experimento. O melhor fotoperíodo para juvenis de trairão é 12L:12D, uma vez que os peixes mostraram uniformidade de crescimento e nenhum canibalismo, enquanto peixes dos grupos 6L:18D e 18L:6D apresentaram maior diâmetro de fibras musculares brancas e maior frequência de fibras de maior diâmetro. Os peixes apresentaram menor valor de lipídios no fotoperíodo 6L:18D, e o maior valor no 12L:12D. O fotoperíodo afeta a sobrevivência e o canibalismo; quanto à composição corporal, somente os lípidos são influenciados pelo fotoperíodo

Pré-eclâmpsia/Eclâmpsia

Pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial and multisystemic disease specific to gestation. It is classically diagnosed by the presence of hypertension associated with proteinuria manifested in a previously normotensive pregnant woman after the 20th week of gestation. Pre-eclampsia is also considered in the absence of proteinuria if there is target organ damage. The present review takes a general approach focused on aspects of practical interest in the clinical and obstetric care of these women. Thus, it explores the still unknown etiology, current aspects of pathophysiology and of the diagnosis, the approach to disease prediction, its adverse outcomes and prevention. Management is based on general principles, on nonpharmacological and on pharmacological clinical treatment of severe or nonsevere situations with emphasis on the hypertensive crisis and eclampsia. Obstetric management is based on preeclampsia without or with signs of clinical and/or laboratory deterioration, stratification of gestational age in < 24 weeks, between 24 and less than 34 weeks, and ≥ 34 weeks of gestation, and guidance on route of delivery. An immediate puerperium approach and repercussions in the future life of pregnant women who develop preeclampsia is also presented.A pré-eclâmpsia é uma doença multifatorial e multissistêmica específica da gestação. É classicamente diagnosticada pela presença de hipertensão arterial associada à proteinúria em gestante previamente normotensa após a 20a semana de gestação. A pré-eclâmpsia também é considerada na ausência de proteinúria se houver lesão de órgão-alvo. A presente revisão tem uma abordagem geral focada em aspectos de interesse prático na assistência clínica e obstétrica dessas mulheres. Assim, explora a etiologia ainda desconhecida, aspectos atuais da fisiopatologia e do diagnóstico e diagnóstico diferencial de convulsões, a abordagem da predição da doença, seus resultados adversos e prevenção. A conduta baseia-se em princípios gerais, tratamento clínico não farmacológico e farmacológico de situações graves ou não graves, com ênfase na crise hipertensiva e eclâmpsia. O controle obstétrico se fundamenta na pré-eclâmpsia sem ou com sinais de deterioração clínica e/ou laboratorial, estratificação da idade gestacional abaixo de 24 semanas, entre 24 e menos de 34 semanas e 34 ou mais semanas de gestação e orientação na via de parto. Uma abordagem imediata do puerpério e repercussões na vida futura de gestantes que desenvolvem pré-eclâmpsia também foram apresentadas

challenges and strategies for adherence to treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

Funding Information: The study was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [Grant 2018/14337–0], the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [Grant 130160/2020–2] and Research Productivity Grant from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [Grant 304483/2018–4 - PQ modality (Level 1C)]. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious phenomenon on a global scale that can worsen with the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to understand the perceptions of health professionals about MDR-TB, their strategies to ensure adherence to treatment and their challenges in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in a priority municipality for disease control. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study and recruited 14 health providers (four doctors, three nurses, three nursing technicians, three nursing assistants and a social worker) working in a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Remote semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. For data analysis, the thematic content analysis technique was applied according to the study’s theoretical framework. Results: The study revealed the causes of MDR-TB are associated with poverty, vulnerability, and social risk. A pre-judgement from the providers was observed, namely, all patients do not adhere due their resistance and association with drug abuse or alcoholism. The study also observed difficulty among health providers in helping patients reconstruct and reframe their life projects under a care perspective, which would strengthen adherence. Other issues that weakened adherence were the cuts in social protection and the benefits really necessary to the patients and a challenge for the providers manage that. The participants revealed that their actions were impacted by the pandemic and insecurity and fear manifested by patients after acquiring COVID-19. For alleviating this, medical appointments by telephone, delivery of medicine in the homes of patients and visits by health professionals once per week were provided. Conclusion: The study advances knowledge by highlighting the challenges faced by the health system with the adherence of patients with MDR-TB in a context aggravated by the pandemic. An improvement in DOT is really necessary to help the patients reframe their lives without prejudices, face their fears and insecurity, recover their self-esteem and motivate in concluding their treatment.publishersversionpublishe