International Relations and the Paradiplomacy of Brazilian Cities: Crafting the Concept of Local International Management

Based on the broader context of globalization as politics, this paper adopts the following assumption: cities through their transnational cooperation networks and economic projects are the expression of a new political actor that has shifted its scale of operations, and have thus partly emancipated themselves from the monopoly of the nation-state in the deployment of transborder public action. In pursuance of developing this assumption, this paper approaches the discussion on municipal paradiplomacy in three parts: firstly, it presents the historical and theoretical background of paradiplomacy in Brazil; secondly, it looks into the empirical reality of several Brazilian municipalities and their international actions; thirdly, it presents a series of critical questions for analyzing cities and their transnational networks as new political actors in the global arena. Empirically, this paper raises key issues related to the multiple ways in which municipalities throughout Brazil develop transnational activities, whereas analytically it aims to provide a better understanding of their soft-border approach, as well as their pragmatic association between a renewed identity in the global scenario and an innovative strategy of local international management

Temporal variation in the abundance of Orchid Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a Neotropical Hygrophilous Forest

Although bees are important pollinators in several ecosystems around the world, studies on bee diversity in hygrophilous forests are scarce. This type of vegetation is restricted to permanently wet soils and, therefore, has particular floristic, structure and physiognomy. The goal of the present study was to inventory and analyze the temporal variation of the euglossine bees that occur in a neotropical hygrophilous forest. In order to sample male bees we used four chemical baits, eucalyptol, eugenol, vanillin, and methyl salicylate. The captures were made once a month, from March 2010 to February 2011, from 9:00 am to 12:00 pm. We captured 113 individuals of three genera and five species (in decreasing order of abundance): Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, 1841 (n=52), Euglossa pleosticta Dressler, 1982 (34), Exaerete smaragdina (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) (12), Euglossa carolina Nemésio, 2009 (11), and Euglossa fimbriata Rebêlo & Moure, 1968 (4). The most attractive bait was eucalyptol (n=98), followed by vanillin (11), and eugenol (4). Both temperature and rainfall affected significantly the distribution of the number of males throughout the year. The highest number of Euglossini species and individuals was sampled in the warm and rainy season, with activity peaks varying among species

Quantitative tooth mobility evaluation based on intraoral scanner measurements

BackgroundTooth mobility assessment is subjective and current techniques require the translation of a continuous variable to a categorical variable based on the perception of the examiner. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a novel technique to assess tooth mobility.MethodsThree experienced periodontists were asked to push tooth #16 into a buccal position to in a typodont model with different mobility (M1â M2). Tooth position was obtained using an intraoral scanner and files were compared in metrology software. Mobility was calculated at three reference points at the cervical (C), middle (M), and occlusal (O) regions of the buccal surface of the tooth to determine the linear deviation in the three axes (x, y, and z). Reliability was determined by intraclassâ correlation coefficient, differences between M1 and M2 determined by t test, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the data at the Câ Mâ O regions.ResultsExcellent reliability was assessed by Cronbach alpha >0.9 on the xâ yâ z axes for both mobility tested, except for M1â C X (0.85), M1â M Y (0.89), and M2â M Z (0.89). The correlation between the examiners demonstrated excellent (Ë 0.90) or good (0.75Ë x Ë 0.90) consistency, except for M1â C Y (0.73; examiner 1 to 2) and M1â M X (0.69; examiners 1 to 3). Significant changes were detected in all axes at the three reference points comparing M1 and M2, and a similar proportional change was observed between Oâ Mâ C reference points for M1 and M2.ConclusionA novel technique to assess tooth mobility based on intraoral scanner measurements provided reliable data in an in vitro experiment.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154459/1/jper10409_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154459/2/jper10409.pd

Evaluation of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome treated by endoscopic technique

Objective:To evaluate the postoperative results of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome by the endoscopic release technique with single portal.Methods:78 patients (80 wrists) were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3 and 6 months by the Boston questionnaire, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, monofilament test sensitivity, grip strength, lateral pinch, pulp to pulp pinch and tripod pinch.Results:Statistical analysis was significant (p <0.05) in the progressive decline of pain and improved function (Boston) during follow-up. The sensitivity significantly improved comparing the data pre and postoperatively. The grip strength, lateral pinch, pulp to pulp pinch and tripod pinch decreased in the first month after surgery, returning to preoperative values around the third month postoperatively.Conclusion:The technique proved to be safe and effective in improving pain, function, and return sensitivity and strength. Level of Evidence II, Prospective studyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

ENTRAVES AO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CAJUCULTURA NO NORDESTE: MARGENS DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO OU AUMENTOS DE PRODUTIVIDADE E DE ESCALA?

O artigo revela que a produção de caju no Nordeste está relativamente estagnada desde a década de 80 e que as políticas visando a modernização do setor não tiveram o efeito desejado, principalmente por não ter escolhido como alvo dessas políticas um segmento capaz gerar economias de escala e de internalizar tecnologias avançadas de produção que gerassem aumentos de produtividade e renda

Insanidade e Direito Penal: a duração máxima das medidas de segurança

DOI: 10.24859/fdv.2017.1012 Considerando-se a existência de pessoas que praticam fatos criminosos sem possuírem capacidade mental de compreender e querer eventual castigo sofrido, o Direito Penal brasileiro conta com a medida de segurança como forma de sancionar tais indivíduos. No entanto, ao contrário do que ocorre com as penas, o Código Penal brasileiro não especifica qual deve ser a duração máxima do cumprimento da medida de segurança. O presente artigo objetiva descrever quais são as respostas apresentadas à referida questão, para tanto, valendo-se dos entendimentos doutrinários existentes sobre o tema. Deste modo, observa-se que ainda não existe uma resposta em definitivo para o mencionado questionamento, o que permite concluir que o tema é urgente e de suma importância

Mollusks from two estuarine areas in Ceará state, northeastern Brazil, with new state records for four species

We analyzed qualitatively the malacofauna found in the tidal zones of Banco dos Cajuais and Ilha Grande estuarine complex, both in Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. Qualitative data on the malacofauna from Banco dos Cajuais and the Ilha Grande estuarine complex were obtained by systematic sampling in 2008 and 2009 during field activities for the “Migratory Shorebirds Conservation and Shrimp Farming in Northeast Brazil” project. Twenty-two species of mollusks (13 bivalves and 9 gastropods) were found in Banco dos Cajuais, and 25 species (18 bivalves and 7 gastropods) were found in the Ilha Grande estuarine complex. Four species, Lucina muricata (Spengler, 1798), Tagelus divisus (Lightfoot, 1786), Crassinella martinicensis (d’Orbigny, 1853), and Periploma ovata Kuroda and Horikoshi, 1958 were recorded from Ceará for the first time

Mollusks Found Inside Octopus (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) Pots in the State of Ceara, Northeast Brazil

The fishery of octopus in the State of Ceará is being carried out in the coast of Fortaleza, Redonda Beach (Icapuí) and Itarema where 2 species can be found, Octopus insularis and O. vulgaris. The objective of this study was to investigate which prey species of mollusks were found inside the pots used in the octopus fishery. Unbaited octopus pots were set in Redonda Beach at 30 meters depth, in Fortaleza at 27 meters depth, and in Itarema at 30 meters depth. The species found inside the octopus pots that were consumed by Octopus vulgaris and O. insularis were mainly gastropods and bivalves. It was found 32 species of mollusks, being 17 of gastropods and 15 of bivalves. Redonda Beach presented the higher number of mollusk species in the octopus pots, with 85% of the total. The most preyed gastropod species was Aliger costatus (35.6%) and the most preyed bivalve species was Anadara notabilis (54.5%). Among the gastropods, 54% had a bore hole, the majority on the spire in the ventral side of the shell. This location is probably due to the presence of the columelar muscle, where it can inject the poison. Only 4.3 % of the bivalves found inside the octopus pots presented bore holes. Empty shells were censured in the field to indicate the magnitude of octopus predation relative to other sources of mortality and the percentage of empty shells with octopus drill holes ranged from 14% to 69%