2,308 research outputs found
Sex education in schools: what teenagers really know?
In the current framework of guidance considers the obligation to address sexual education in schools in Portugal (Law No. 60/2009 of 6 August, Order No. 196-A / 2010 of 9 April). Objectives: To identify students knowledge in relation to new legislation and basics of sex education.
Cross-sectional study with a sample with 530 students from secondary schools of a northern region of Portugal. The assessment protocol includes sociodemographic questionnaire (Correia 2004) and it was applied from October to December of 2011. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. The informed consent was obtain from schools.
The proportion of students who know the current law on sex education in schools is 37.4%, the proportion of female students who know this law is greater than that of males (41.3% vs. 32.2%). Exist a statistical significant association between this knowledge and sex (p = 0.037), continuing the girls the most informed group. About 30% of students in this sample doesn't identify basic concepts of sexual and reproductive health and family planning neither sexually transmitted infections. In relation to knowledge about contraception also found a statistical significant association with sex (p <0.000), with a higher proportion of knowledge for the female group who also knows more than a contraceptive method (78.7% vs. 55.7%).
The weak information of adolescents knowledge about sex education and gender differences still seem to persist in spite of the existence of sex education in schools from Portugal. Maybe sex education should be a subject in a curriculum from a school, being responsible for this subject a teacher that must be specialized in the area of sexuality
Sex education in schools: what teenagers really know?
Introduction: In the current framework of guidance considers the obligation to address sexual education in schools in Portugal (Law No. 60/2009 of 6 August, Order No. 196-A / 2010 of 9 April). Objectives: To identify students knowledge in relation to new legislation and basics of sex education.
Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample with 530 students from secondary schools of a northern region of Portugal. The assessment protocol includes sociodemographic questionnaire (Correia 2004) and it was applied from October to December of 2011. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. The informed consent was obtain from schools.
Results: The proportion of students who know the current law on sex education in schools is 37.4%, the proportion of female students who know this law is greater than that of males (41.3% vs. 32.2%). Exist a statistical significant association between this knowledge and sex (p = 0.037), continuing the girls the most informed group. About 30% of students in this sample doesn't identify basic concepts of sexual and reproductive health and family planning neither sexually transmitted infections. In relation to knowledge about contraception also found a statistical significant association with sex (p <0.000), with a higher proportion of knowledge for the female group who also knows more than a contraceptive method (78.7% vs. 55.7%).
Conclusions: The weak information of adolescents knowledge about sex education and gender differences still seem to persist in spite of the existence of sex education in schools from Portugal. Maybe sex education should be a subject in a curriculum from a school, being responsible for this subject a teacher that must be specialized in the area of sexuality
Manual da safra e contra safra do olival
O manual da safra e contra safra do olival é dirigido de forma particular a agricultores
e técnicos da região de Trás-os-Montes e de outras zonas do paÃs onde se mantenha
interesse no olival tradicional de sequeiro. A rega, contudo, não foi esquecida, sendo vista
como uma das poucas alternativas à revitalização do sector.
O olival de sequeiro encontra-se hoje no limiar da viabilidade técnica e económica.
Devido às condições marginais em que é cultivado, e a uma técnica cultural normalmente
de qualidade insatisfatória, é nestes olivais que o fenómeno da safra e contra safra
se torna mais evidente.
Trás-os-Montes é uma região economicamente deprimida onde as pequenas aldeias
têm perdido população a ritmo acelerado. Poucas freguesias mantêm ainda escola primária,
devido à reduzida natalidade. Poucos são os jovens que projectam o seu futuro e o das suas
famÃlias baseado na actividade agrÃcola. O interior do paÃs nunca desenvolveu actividade económica
relevante fora do sector agrÃcola. A actividade industrial é ténue. As cidades de maior
dimensão como Vila Real, Bragança, Chaves e Mirandela têm resistido à perda de população
nas sedes de concelho devido a algum investimento público (ensino superior, saúde, …) que
assegura poder de compra às populações e permite o aparecimento de pequenas empresas
de dimensão regional (construção, restauração, serviços, …). As vias de comunicação que
lentamente foram sendo construÃdas nunca foram estÃmulo suficiente para cativar investimento
industrial significativo para a região.
O olival de sequeiro mantém ainda hoje importância social e económica determinante
na região, sendo a olivicultura das poucas actividades em meio rural com capacidade
para gerar rendimento e contribuir para a fixação da população. Os decisores polÃticos
e as autoridades locais devem ter presente que todos os esforços devem ser feitos para
manter estes sistemas em produção.
É necessário ter a noção de que não há condições realistas para, a curto prazo/
médio prazo, se modificar a estrutura produtiva do olival. Os sistemas de plantação que
actualmente se utilizam noutras regiões, designadamente os olivais de alta densidade (494) a 865 árvores/ha) e os super-intensivos (1482 a 2223 árvores/ha), necessitam de parcelas
de terreno com área e fertilidade adequadas. Necessitam também de água para rega e
que as explorações estejam electrificadas. Em Trás-os-Montes não há, actualmente, água
armazenada para regar áreas relevantes de olival e a electrificação é um problema adicional
devido à dispersão das parcelas. O declive dos terrenos é ainda um constrangimento
suplementar.
Tudo indica que a estrutura fundiária da região, com a propriedade pulverizada
em pequenas parcelas, associada a dificuldades na electrificação dessas parcelas, disponibilidade
limitada de água para rega, inclinação dos terrenos e idade avançada dos olivicultores
vá atrasar a reestruturação do olival. É nossa convicção que nos próximos 10 anos
o cenário da olivicultura em Trás-os-Montes não apresentará modificações de monta,
excepcionando-se provavelmente o incremento da colheita mecanizada e um provável,
mas ligeiro, aumento da área de regadio. Esperemos que a maior modificação não consista
no abandono da actividade por parte de muitos produtores. É necessário lutar pela
viabilidade do olival actual, mantendo presente a necessidade de o modernizar com a
urgência possÃvel. É necessário criar pressão polÃtica para que surjam infra-estruturas de
regadio e para que os programas de apoio ao sector se mantenham ou sejam reforçados.
Olivicultores, técnicos, associações de produtores, autarquias e decisores polÃticos devem
unir esforços em torno daquela que é a principal actividade económica de muitas freguesias
da região
Spatio-angular Minimum-variance Tomographic Controller for Multi-Object Adaptive Optics systems
Multi-object astronomical adaptive-optics (MOAO) is now a mature wide-field
observation mode to enlarge the adaptive-optics-corrected field in a few
specific locations over tens of arc-minutes.
The work-scope provided by open-loop tomography and pupil conjugation is
amenable to a spatio-angular Linear-Quadratic Gaussian (SA-LQG) formulation
aiming to provide enhanced correction across the field with improved
performance over static reconstruction methods and less stringent computational
complexity scaling laws.
Starting from our previous work [1], we use stochastic time-progression
models coupled to approximate sparse measurement operators to outline a
suitable SA-LQG formulation capable of delivering near optimal correction.
Under the spatio-angular framework the wave-fronts are never explicitly
estimated in the volume,providing considerable computational savings on
10m-class telescopes and beyond.
We find that for Raven, a 10m-class MOAO system with two science channels,
the SA-LQG improves the limiting magnitude by two stellar magnitudes when both
Strehl-ratio and Ensquared-energy are used as figures of merit. The
sky-coverage is therefore improved by a factor of 5.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Applied Optic
Limits of turbulence and outer scale profiling with non-Kolmogorov statistics
SLODAR (SLOpe Detection And Ranging) methods recover the atmospheric turbulence profile from cross-correlations of wavefront sensor (WFS) measurements, based on known turbulence models. Our work grows out of several experiments showing that turbulence statistics can deviate significantly from the classical Kolmogorov/ von Kármán models, especially close to the ground. We present a novel SLODAR-type method which simultaneously recovers both the turbulence profile in the atmosphere and the turbulence statistics at the ground layer - namely the slope of the spatial frequency power law. We consider its application to outer scale (L0)- reconstruction and investigate the limits of the joint estimation of such parameters.Peer reviewe
5.7 GHz on-chip antenna/RF CMOS transceiver for wireless sensor networkS
This paper describes a chip-size antenna for operation at 5.7 GHz, assembled with a low-power, low-voltage RF CMOS transceiver, fabricated in UMC RF CMOS 0.18 μm process. Measurements shown a patch antenna with the central frequency of 5.705 GHz, a bandwidth of 90 MHz at −10 dB of return loss, a directive gain of 0.3 dB, with an efficiency of 18%, and a transceiver with a measured total power consumption of 23 mW. This microsystem is intended for the use in each wireless node of a wireless sensor network mounted in a wireless electronic shirt, that monitors the cardio-respiratory function and posture
Long-term studies on ground management in rainfed olive orchards
Two decades of research on soil management in rainfed
olive graves, encompassing four experimental ftelds,
one of which took eighteen years of continuous assessment,
allowed comparative evaluation of severa! treatments
including conventional tillage, residual herbicides,
post-emergence herbicides, covers of natural vegetation
(fertilized and unfertilized), sown covers managed as
green manures and incorporated into the soil, or shredded
and kept in the ground as a mulch, and sown covers
of self-reseeding pasture legumes. This series of studies
allowed showing that a better contrai of the herbaceous
vegetation improves olive growth and yield and a greater
development of the herbaceous vegetation improves severa!
indicators of the soil fertility, which creates a great
ambiguity. However, a large set of advantages comes
from the use of early-season self-reseeding annual legumes.
These plants presenta very short growing cycle and
develop asynchronously with the trees (in winter, during
the resting period of olive), showing reduced competition
for water, allowing high productivity even in rainfed conditions.
Additionally, they protect the soil from erosion ali
year round, with live vegetation during winter anda mulch
of dead vegetation during the summer, improve soil fertility,
including the increase of soil organic matter, and are
able to ftx nitrogen improving the nitrogen nutritional state
of the trees.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Low-power low-voltage RF CMOS transceiver at 2.4 GHz
A radio-frequency transceiver chip was designed in a UMC RF 0.18 µm CMOS process. The target RF frequency is 2.4 GHz ISM band. A possible application of this transceiver is the integration into textiles for sensing biomedical data. The power supply of the transceiver is 1.8 V. Simulations shown
power consumption less than 10 mW for the receiver
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