Estudos em busca de um inseto modelo para o xenodiagnóstico em hospedeiros com doença de Chagas: 4 - O reflexo da cepa do parasito na resposta de diferentes espécies vetoras à infecção crônica com diferentes isolados do Trypanosoma cruzi

Previous studies (1982,1987) have emphasized the superiority of sylvatic vector species over domestic species as xenodiagnostic agents in testing hosts with acute or chronic infections by T. cruzi "Y" stock. The present study, which is unique in that it contains data on both infectivity rates produced by the same stock in 11 different vector species and also the reaction of the same vector species to seven different parasite stocks, establishes the general validity of linking efficiency of xenodiagnosis to the biotope of its agent. For example, infectivity rates produced by "São Felipe" stock varied from 82.5% to 98.3% in sylvatic vectors but decreased to 42.5% to 71.3% in domestic species. "Colombiana" stock produced in the same sylvatic vectors infectivity rates ranging from 12.5% to 45%. These shrank to 5%-22.5% in domestic bugs. The functional role of the biotope in the vector-parasite interaction has not been eluddated. But since this phenomenon has been observed to be stable and easy to reproduce, it leads us to believe that the results obtained are valid. Data presented also provide increasing evidence that the infectivity rates exhibited by bugs from xenodiagnosis in chronic hosts, are parasite stock specific. For example, infectivity rates produced by "Berenice", "Y", "FL" and "CL" varied in R. neglectus from 26.3% to 75%; in P. megistus from 56.3% to 83.8%; in T. sordida from 28.8% to 58.8% in T. pseudomaculata from 41.3% to 66.3% and in T. rubrovaria from 48.8% to 85%. Data from xenodiagnosis in the same hosts, carrying acute infections by the same parasite stocks, gave the five sylvatic vectors a positive rating of approximately 100%, thus suggesting that the heavy loads of parasites circulating in the acute hosts obscured the characteristic interspecific differences for the parasite stock. Nonetheless these latter were revealed in the same hosts with chronic infections stimulated by very low numbers of the same parasite stocks. Certain observations here described lead us to speculate as to the possibility of further results from other parasite stocks, allowing the association of the infectivity rates produced in bugs by different parasite stocks with the isoenzymic patterns revealed by these stocks.Estudos anteriores (1982,1987) enfatizaram a superioridade das espécies vetoras silvestres às domiciliadas, como agentes do xenodiagnóstico nas infecções agudas e crônicas pelo isolado Y do T.cruzi. Os dados atuais estabeleceram a generalidade deste fenômeno. Por exemplo, a proporção de positivos nas infecções por 'São Felipe" variou de 82,5% a 98,3% nos vetores silvestres, caindo para 42,5% a 71,3% em espécies domiciliadas. Ficou claro o envolvimento do isolado do T.cruzi na resposta do vetor à infecção crônica por T.cruzi. Por exemplo, os índices de infectividade produzidos por "Berenice", "Y", "FL" e "CL" variaram de 56,3% a 83,3% em P.megistus e de 28,3% a 58,8% em T.sordida. Sendo a resposta das mesmas espécies vetoras às infecções agudas pelos mesmos isolados altamente uniformes, aproximando-se a 100%, sugere-se que a grande carga parasitária nas infecções agudas oculta as diferenças interespecíficas existentes entre os isolados do T.cruzi. A análise dos dados obtidos levou a especular que resultados adicionais de mais isolados permitiriam associar os índices de infectividade, produzidos por diferentes isolados do T.cruzi, aos perfis isoenzimáticos revelados por esses

Estudos em busca de um inseto modelo experimental para xenodiagnóstico em hospedeiros com doença de Chagas: 3 - A interação entre a espécie vetora e a cepa do parasito na reação do vetor à infecção com Trypanosoma cruzi

The reaction of nine vector species of Chagas' disease to infection by seven different Trypanosoma cruzi strains; Berenice, Y, FL, CL, S. Felipe, Colombiana and Gávea, are examined and compared. On the basis of the insects' ability to establish and maintain the infection, vector species could be divided into two distinct groups which differ in their reaction to an acute infection by T. cruzi. While the proportion of positive bugs was found to be low in Triatoma infestans and Triatoma dimidiata it was high, ranging from 96.9% to 100% in the group of wild (Rhodnius neglectus, Triatoma rubrovaria)and essentially sylvatic vectors in process of adaptation to human dwellings, maintained under control following successful insecticidal elimination of Triatoma infestans (Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma sordida and Triatoma pseudomaculata). An intermediate position is held by Triatoma brasiliensis and Rhodnius prolixus. This latter has been found to interchange between domestic and sylvatic environments. The most important finding is the strikingly good reaction between each species of the sylvatic bugs and practically all T. cruzi strains herein studied, thus indicating that the factors responsible for the excellent reaction of P.megistus to infection by Y strain, as previously reported also come into operation in the reaction of the same vector species to acute infections by five of the remaining T.cruzi strains. Comparison or data reported by other investigators with those herein described form the basis of the discussion of Dipetalogaster maximus as regards its superiority as a xenodiagnostic agent.É examinada e comparada a reação de nove espécies vetoras da doença de Chagas à infecção, por sete diferentes cepas do T.cruzi (Berenice, Y, FL, CL, São Felipe, Colombiana e Gávea). Com base na habilidade em estabelecer e manter a infecção, as espécies vetoras podem ser divididas em dois grupos distintos, que diferem em suas reações à infecção aguda por T.cruzi. Enquanto a proporção de insetos positivos foi baixa em domiciliados (Triatoma infestans e Triatoma dimidiata), foi alta nos considerados completamente selvagens (Rhodnius neglectus e Triatoma rubrovaria), ao serem iniciadas suas colonizações no laboratório, no início da década de 70, e nos essencialmente silvestres (Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma sordida e Triatoma pseudomaculata). Admite-se que devido à exploração agropecuária e graças às campanhas de controle, os dois últimos grupos encontram mais freqüentemente condições que lhes permitem maior convivência com o homem e animais domésticos. As proporções de positivos nas cinco últimas espécies acima citadas, cada qual infectada com uma das sete cepas do T.cruzi, quando somadas (34 "Overalls") variam de 90% a 100%, com exceção de 65,6% encontrada em P.megistus infectado com a cepa Gávea. A posição intermediária está sendo ocupada por Triatoma brasiliensis e Rhodniusprolixus, o último alternando entre biótipo natural e artificial. Achado relevante foi a uniformidade de reações dos vetores silvestres às infecções com, praticamente, todas as cepas do T.cruzi, sugerindo que o fator ou fatores responsáveis pela reação do P.megistus à infecção pela cepa Y também operam nas reações desta espécie com as restantes cepas, embora, várias destas tenham sido bioquimicamente diferentes entre si. A comparação dos dados aqui apresentados com os relatados por outros investigadores, forma a base da discussão sobre a superioridade de uso do D.maximus como agente no xenodiagnóstico

Location based mobile services & context-aware: an approach to the tourism sector

In a market dominated by many mobile applications for all purposes, there is currently no visible application of cultural content or commercial content to support the tourist when traveling to Mirandela. Such applications currently available to the tourism industry are limited in content and cultural offerings, and commercial applications only communicate with their partners and have no cultural content.This work presents a framework of a mobile application implementation to support the tourist information needs when he is visiting Mirandela in which interest points are combined with commercial content.This solution allows the tourist to have only one application that integrates the contents that he wishes/subscribe, both cultural and commercial, creating a parametrizable universal profile that can be accessed by any of the entities in the system. In addition to the tourist benefiting from this solution that facilitates the exploration of interest points in Mirandela, the entities involved in the system will also benefit because they are able to increase the dissemination of their products and/or services and thereby increase their market potential and consequently their sales.UNIAG, R&D unit funded by the FCT – Portuguese Foundation for the Development of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education. UID/GES/4752/2016info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Experiences experienced in teaching and immanent subjectivities configuring the profile of Physical Education teachers in early childhood education

The study aims to present a typology based on educational practices, experiences and immanent subjectivities of Physical Education teachers who work in municipal schools of Early Childhood Education in Cuiabá-MT. Being subject of the research Physical Education teachers who work in Early Childhood Education. The sample consisted of 50 teachers who answered a questionnaire and 10 teachers who participated in the interview. The investigative course allowed us to analyze the educational practices and the understanding of the teachers' experiences. If the experience is something that makes more relation to the present lived than to the future, still as a coming to be, it is the realization that the educative practice of the teachers can be related to the idea of the present being permeated by the possibility of already being to be living an eternal Still-No. We can glimpse new practices if they delineate, insofar as experience is something that is being configured in the actions of the subjects-teachers with the child-bodies in which teaching can be losing the primacy over learning

Marketing de relacionamento como fator otimizador de vendas

“O cliente tem sempre razão”, com essa chamada, todas as organizações desenvolveram seus planejamentos de estratégicos, planos e marketing e ou, dentre outros, essenciais para o bom desempenho de suas atividades. Com o passar dos anos, as exigências, demandas e expectativas dos consumidores tem sofrido grandes mudanças, seja pela qualidade dos produtos ou mesmo pela presteza na prestação dos serviços. Dessa forma, torna-se imprescindível que o empresário compreenda o comportamento do consumidor antes de tomar qualquer atitude, seja colocando um produto novo no mercado ou oferecendo algum tipo de serviço. Alguns autores contemporâneos consideram já, que todo o planejamento de suas organizações deve ser desenvolvido tendo como uma análise profunda do comportamento do consumidor, no sentido de que ele ainda sendo a referência principal para que a empresa oferte um novo produto no mercado. Dessa forma então, a Empresa Engemix, busca ofertar um produto agregando um serviço bem diferenciado dos já existente no mercado, procurando, dessa forma, oferecer um diferencial para seus clientes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Physiological and anatomical characteristics of leaves of two clones of guarana

The objective of this work was to analyze gas exchange, photosynthetic characteristics, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and anatomical characteristics of young plant leaves of two guarana (Paullinia cupana) clones (BRS-CG372RC and BRS-CG611RL) growing under open field. The variables of gas exchange and fluorescence of chlorophyll a were evaluated in mature leaves. The values of photosynthesis and transpiration found for BRS-CG372RC were 27% greater and 80% lesser than values found for BRS-CG611RL, respectively. The values of stomatal conductance found for the clones BRS-CG372RC and BRS-CG611RL were in the order of 224 and 614 mmol mm-2 s-1, respectively. The values of photorespiration, rate of carboxylation and rate electron transport were greater in BRS-CG372RC. The clone BRS-CG372RC exhibited stomatal density 26% greater than BRS-CG611RL. However, the area of ostiolar opening was 42% greater in BRS-CG611RL. The values of the water use efficiency in BRS-CG372RC were 134% greater than in BRS-CG611RL. High stomatal density and low stomatal conductance can be important characteristics in the selection of the clones with a good ability to assimilate carbon and optimize the use of water

Primary tooth restoration with colored compomer: case report

ABSTRACT In pediatric dentistry, restorative treatment requires a material with good mechanical properties, ease of handling, and usability. For the restoration of deciduous teeth, colored compomers are an alternative material for motivating children in dental treatment and, consequently, behavior management. This study aimed to provide information about colored compomers by presenting a case of restoration in a deciduous molar with a five-year follow-up. Additionally, the study highlights the child’s motivation toward dental treatment and oral care, thus offering an alternative to other restorative materials for clinicians to consider. The treatment plan for tooth 75 was selective removal of decayed tissue and restoration with compomer blue- colored Twinkly Star. The restoration was performed without anesthesia under relative isolation following the clinical protocol recommended by the manufacturer. As a result, it was observed that the restoration in colored Twinky Star compomer remained aesthetically and functionally satisfactory after five years. In addition, it was favorable for the child’s collaboration in dental treatment. It is concluded that colored Twinky Star compomer can be a viable alternative for restoring deciduous teeth, contributing to children’s dental treatment and oral care motivation