Chagas Disease in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which affects a wide variety of hosts including the man, until now treatment options or vaccines developed are not enough to control or prevent infected cases. The main way of transmission is vectorial, through insects of the Reduviidae family, as well by congenital transmission, blood/organ transplants or oral transmission. Chagas disease are considered as endemic in many areas due to the presence and lack of control of insect vectors. Many touristic places in Latin America are located in endemic areas; however, there is a nonexistence of knowledge by touristic service providers about the theme. For that reason, there is a latent risk that tourists who come to vacation in endemic areas are exposed get the infection. The risk factors are well identified, and this allows that well-defined prevention strategies can be established in order to avoid the presentation of cases in visitors to the tourist zones. This chapter aimed to describe the situation of Chagas disease in touristic areas of the Caribbean of America Latina as and to provide a brief review of information that allows visitors to know about the epidemiology and potential risks of this infection

Vulneración de derechos sucesorios en familias ensambladas en Lima

El presente trabajo de investigación que lleva por título: Vulneración de derechos sucesorios en familias ensambladas en Lima Perú, tiene como objetivo Determinar si se encuentran en condición de vulnerabilidad los derechos sucesorios las familias ensambladas en Lima Perú. Para ello se ha realizado un profundo análisis de conceptos fundamentales y las leyes involucradas. La metodología fue de enfoque cualitativo con una investigación de tipo básica, teniendo como instrumento la entrevista con un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas. Como resultado más resaltante se encuentra la afirmación de que la familia ensamblada requiere de identidad propia y no estar bajo el amparo de leyes que no fueron diseñada para ellas y las conclusiones más relevantes fueron dos: Se concluye que principalmente las familias ensambladas carecen de identidad propia reconocida por las leyes mismas que son excluyentes a la hora de definir líneas sucesorias o definir a los integrantes del modelo de familia reconocida por la ley y en relación al objetivo establecer los elementos de protección jurídica de los derechos sucesorios en familias ensambladas en Lima Perú. Se concluye que para garantizar dicha protección se cuenta con dos figuras: el testamento y el fideicomiso.The present research work entitled: Violation of inheritance rights in families assembled in Lima Peru, aims to determine if the inheritance rights are in a condition of vulnerability in families assembled in Lima Peru. For this, a deep analysis of fundamental concepts and the laws involved has been carried out. The methodology was of a qualitative approach with a basic type of investigation, having as an instrument the interview with an open-ended questionnaire. As a most outstanding result, there is the statement that the assembled family requires its own identity and not be under the protection of laws that were not designed for them and the most relevant conclusions were two: It is concluded that mainly the assembled families lack their own identity recognized by the laws themselves that are exclusive when defining lines of succession or defining the members of the family model recognized by law and in relation to the objective of establishing the elements of legal protection of inheritance rights in families assembled in Lima Peru. It is concluded that to guarantee said protection there are two figures: the will and the trust

Microglial response differences between amyloidogenic transgenic models and Alzheimer’s disease patients

Aims: The continuing failure to develop an effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) reveals the complexity for AD pathology. Increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation involving particularly microglial cells contributes to disease pathogenesis. Here we analyze the differences in the microglial response between APP/PS1 model and human brains. Methods: RT-PCR, western blots, and immunostaining were performed in the hippocampus of human post mortem samples (from Braak II to Braak V-VI) and APP751SL/PS1M146L mice. In vitro studies to check the effect of S1 fractions on microglial cells were assayed. Results: In APP based models the high Abeta accumulation triggers a prominent microglial response. On the contrary, the microglial response detected in human samples is, at least, partial or really mild. This patent difference could simple reflect the lower and probably slower Abeta production observed in human hippocampal samples, in comparison with models or could reflect the consequence of a chronic long-standing microglial activation. However, beside this differential response, we also observed a prominent microglial degenerative process in Braak V-VI samples that, indeed, could compromise their normal role of surveying the brain environment and respond to the damage. This microglial degeneration, particularly relevant at the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation, might be mediated by the accumulation of toxic soluble phospho-tau species. Conclusions: These differences need to be considered when delineating animal models that better integrate the complexity of AD pathology and, therefore, guarantee clinical translation. Correcting dysregulated brain inflammatory responses might be a promising avenue to restore cognitive function. Supported by grants FIS PI15/00796 and FIS PI15/00957 co-financed by FEDER funds from European Union, and by Junta de Andalucia Proyecto de Excelencia CTS385 2035.Financiado por FIS PI15/00796 y FIS PI15/0095, cofinanciado por los fondos FEDER de la Unión Europea, y por Junta de Andalucia Proyecto de Excelencia CTS385 2035. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Death receptor 5 expression is inversely correlated with prostate cancer progression.

Prostate carcinoma (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used to predict the outcome of PCa and screening with PSA has resulted in a decline in mortality. However, PSA is not an optimal prognostic tool as its sensitivity may be too low to reduce morbidity and mortality. Consequently, there is a demand for additional robust biomarkers for prostate cancer. Death receptor 5 (DR5) has been implicated in the prognosis of several cancers and it has been previously shown that it is negatively regulated by Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in prostate cancer cell lines. The present study investigated the clinical significance of DR5 expression in a prostate cancer patient cohort and its correlation with YY1 expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression distribution was performed using tissue microarray constructs from 54 primary PCa and 39 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) specimens. DR5 expression was dramatically reduced as a function of higher tumor grade. By contrast, YY1 expression was elevated in PCa tumors as compared with that in PIN, and was increased with higher tumor grade. DR5 had an inverse correlation with YY1 expression. Bioinformatic analyses corroborated these data. The present findings suggested that DR5 and YY1 expression levels may serve as progression biomarkers for prostate cancer

DPDnet: A Robust People Detector using Deep Learning with an Overhead Depth Camera

In this paper we propose a method based on deep learning that detects multiple people from a single overhead depth image with high reliability. Our neural network, called DPDnet, is based on two fully-convolutional encoder-decoder neural blocks based on residual layers. The Main Block takes a depth image as input and generates a pixel-wise confidence map, where each detected person in the image is represented by a Gaussian-like distribution. The refinement block combines the depth image and the output from the main block, to refine the confidence map. Both blocks are simultaneously trained end-to-end using depth images and head position labels. The experimental work shows that DPDNet outperforms state-of-the-art methods, with accuracies greater than 99% in three different publicly available datasets, without retraining not fine-tuning. In addition, the computational complexity of our proposal is independent of the number of people in the scene and runs in real time using conventional GPUs

Barriers to Lose Weight from the Perspective of Children with Overweight/Obesity and Their Parents: A Sociocultural Approach

Introduction. There are not enough studies about the barriers to lose weight from the perspective of children and their parents. Methods. Children and adolescents diagnosed with overweight/obesity in the Department of Endocrinology and their parents were invited to participate in a series of focus group discussions (FGD). Twenty-nine children 10–16 years old and 22 parents participated in 7 focus groups; 2 mothers and 2 adolescents participated in depth interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through grounded theory. Results. Parents went to the hospital only when their children presented any obesity complication; for them, overweight was not a health problem. Parents referred to lack of time to supervise about a healthy diet and exercise; besides, the same parents, relatives, friends, and the mass media encourage the consumption of junk food. Children accepted eating a lot, not doing exercise, skipping meals, and not understanding overweight consequences. Both, parents and children, demanded support to do the time recommended for exercise inside the schools. They also suggested getting information from schools and mass media (TV) about overweight consequences, exercise, and healthy food by health workers; they recommended prohibiting announcements about junk food and its sale. Conclusions. The barriers detected were lack of perception of being overweight, its identification as a disease and its consequences, lack of time to supervise a healthy lifestyle, and a big social influence to eat junk food

Evaluación de sustentabilidad en dos niveles de análisis y dos escalas espaciales. El municipio de Ocoyoacac y la comunidad de San Juan Coapanoaya, Estado de México

En este trabajo se aplicó un marco metodológico para la evaluación de la sustentabilidad, que permite cuantificar y comparar en diferentes niveles de análisis, indicadores y atributos de sustentabilidad en dos escalas geográficas. La investigación se realizó en el municipio de Ocoyoacac y la Comunidad de San Juan Coapanoaya, en el Estado de México, México. El ciclo de evaluación fue dividido en dos fases: de análisis de la cual se derivaron los criterios e indicadores específicos para ambas escalas; y de síntesis del sistema, donde se llevó a cabo la cuantificación de indicadores y atributos. Se obtuvieron valores altos para los indicadores ambientales y sociales, y valores bajos para los indicadores económicos. La autogestión y la equidad fu eron los atributos relevantes.En este trabajo se aplicó un marco metodológico para la evaluación de la sustentabilidad, que permite cuantificar y comparar en diferentes niveles de análisis, indicadores y atributos de sustentabilidad en dos escalas geográficas. La investigación se realizó en el municipio de Ocoyoacac y la Comunidad de San Juan Coapanoaya, en el Estado de México, México. El ciclo de evaluación fue dividido en dos fases: de análisis de la cual se derivaron los criterios e indicadores específicos para ambas escalas; y de síntesis del sistema, donde se llevó a cabo la cuantificación de indicadores y atributos. Se obtuvieron valores altos para los indicadores ambientales y sociales, y valores bajos para los indicadores económicos. La autogestión y la equidad fu eron los atributos relevantes

Understanding microglial responses in the frontal cortex of alzheimer´s disease patients

Microglial cells, the immune cells of the brain, and the neuroinflammatory process associated, have been postulated as a critical factor in AD pathogenesis, since the identification of genetic risk factors related to microglial function. However, the microglial role in the development/progression of AD has not been determined yet. In this sense, we have previously reported a limited activation and microglial degeneration in the hippocampus of AD patients in contrast to the proinflammatory view based on findings in amyloidogenic models. Here, we have further analyzed the functional/phenotypic profile displayed by microglial cells in other vulnerable brain region of AD patients, the frontal cortex. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis approaches were performed in the frontal cortex of post mortem samples from controls (Braak 0-II) and AD patients (Braak V-VI) including familial cases. Microglia of Braak V-VI individuals were observed forming clusters and showed, both plaque (Iba1+/TMEM119+/P2ry12-/CD45high/Trem2+) and inter-plaque (Iba1+/ TMEM119+/P2ry12-/CD45high/Trem2-) microglial activation, similar that observed in amyloidogenic mice. By contrast, homeostatic and ramified microglial cells of non-demented Braak II cases presented Iba1+/P2ry12+/TMEM119+/CD45low/Trem2- profile. Furthermore, different microglial responses were observed between sporadic and familial AD cases. These different microglial phenotypes associated with AD pathology show the heterogeneity and complexity of the microglial phenotypes and suggest different functional states of these glial cells in a region-specific manner. These data need to be considered for better understand the immunological mechanisms underlying AD progression. Modulating brain inflammatory responses might be a promising avenue to prevent cognitive dysfunction in AD patients. ISCiii:PI18/01557(AG)-PI18/01556(JV);Junta Andalucia:UMA18-FEDERJA211(AG). All cofinanced by FEDER funds (European-Union).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Perspective Chapter: Prospective of Sectoral Competences for the Design of Dictionaries of Professional Competences and Research

According to the challenges of technological higher education in Mexico, facing the requirements of graduation profiles that respond to educational competitiveness in the face of the challenges of Industry 4.0 and even toward Industry 5.0. This applied research initiative is oriented to the development of actions to strengthen sector competitiveness, considering the learning curve generated in the strategic sectors of Mexico, through the research work of experts in technological higher education of Mexico and specialists in labor, professional, and research skills. The main objective is to present the model to develop Competency Dictionaries Sectoral (DCS) for each study program, through the methodology of the Fifth Systemic Helix (in Spanish: Quinta Helice Sistemica—QHS), as a strategic contribution to reduce the gap of the different knowledge of the competencies in the occupational functions in the regional strategic sectors of the north, center, and south of Mexico; under the frame of reference of the state-of-the-art and frontier research of international knowledge, the foregoing sustained from the scientific work initiative of the academic body project of the Department of Economic and Administrative Sciences entitled “Sectoral Competitiveness, Social Innovation and Sustainable Development” of the National Technological of Mexico, Tijuana Campus