Evaluación de indicadores de bienestar animal de bovinos en un rastro Tipo Inspección Federal

The slaughter process is the last stage of management and represents a point at which the welfare of the cattle is compromised. The objective of this study was to evaluate the animal welfare indicators of cattle in a Federal Inspection Type slaughterhouse. The slaughter process of 1,167 animals [740 males (63.8 %) and 420 females (36.2 %)] was observed in a Federal Inspection Type slaughter plant in northwestern Mexico. Management and behavioral variables, as well as indicators of return to sensitivity were recorded, and the bruises observed on the carcasses were characterized. 10 % of the cattle received electric shocks with prods, while 24.2 % were beaten by operators. Arching of the spine was observed (44.5 %), 62.2 % of the animals exhibited sensitivity during exsanguination. The prevalence of bruising was 88.8 %. Females had 1.62 % higher risk of bruising than males and the presence of large horns increased the risk of bruising by 1.46 %. The characteristics of the bruises observed were bright red (93.8 %), mottled (71.5 %), small (82.9 %), and grade 1 (95.7 %). The area most affected by bruises was the dorsal-lumbar area, with 58.3 %. It was concluded that the animals included in this study were exposed to conditions conducive to stress, including the use of the electric prod by the operators, undesirable behaviors of cattle during herding, ineffective stunning, and the presence of bruises on the carcasses.El proceso de sacrificio es la última etapa de manejo y representa un punto en el que se compromete el bienestar de los bovinos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los indicadores de bienestar animal de bovinos en un rastro Tipo Inspección Federal. Se observó el proceso de sacrificio de 1,167 animales [740 machos (63.8 %) y 420 hembras (36.2 %)] en una planta de sacrificio Tipo Inspección Federal en el noroeste de México. Se registraron variables de manejo y comportamiento, así como indicadores de retorno a la sensibilidad y se caracterizaron los hematomas observados en las canales. El 10 % del ganado recibió descargas eléctricas con picanas, el 24.3 % fue golpeado por los operarios. Se observó arqueamiento de la columna vertebral (44.5 %), el 62.2 % de los animales mostró sensibilidad durante el sangrado. La prevalencia de hematomas fue del 88.8 %. Las hembras tuvieron 1.62 mayor riesgo de sufrir hematomas que los machos y la presencia de cuernos grandes incrementó el riesgo de presentar hematomas 1.46. Las características de los hematomas observados fueron rojo brillante (93.8 %), moteado (71.5 %), pequeño (82.9 %) y grado 1 (95.7 %). La zona más afectada por hematomas fue la dorso-lumbar con un 58.3 %. Se concluyó que los animales incluidos en el presente estudio estuvieron expuestos a condiciones que propician el estrés, entre estos, el uso de la picana eléctrica por los operarios, las conductas indeseables de los bovinos durante el arreo, el aturdimiento ineficaz y la presencia de hematomas en las canales

Enemigos naturales asociados a diaphorina citri kuwayama (hemiptera: psyllidae) en limón persa (citrus latifolia tanaka) en Nayarit, México

Natural enemies associated to Diaphorina citri in the state of Nayarit were identified. The study was carried out in three orchards of Persian lime from May to October 2011. The identified depredator species were Olla v-nigrum, Chilocorus cacti, Cycloneda sanguinea, and Ceraeochrysa sp.; as well as the parasitoid Tamarixia radiata and the entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana. Nephus sp. Mulsant, 1850 and Pentilia sp. Mulsant, 1850 are new distribution records to Mexico

Factores que influyen en la emesis postaturdimiento en bovinos

To determine the effect of lairage duration, stunning effectiveness, type of commercial cattle, and ruminal content consistence on carcass contamination by emesis at slaughter between stunning and exsanguinations (stun-stick interval), data were analysed from 9,446 animals in Federal Inspection and Municipal slaughterhouses (P1, P2, P3, P4). Lairage duration was classified in three categories: T1) less than 3 h, T2) major than 3 h and lesser than 12 h, and T3) major than 12 h. Stunning was classified as effective and no effective. The consistence or ruminal content was identified and evaluated as watery, semi-watery and dense. Was recorded at P1, number of heads and lungs contaminated, data analysis by X2. On P2 y P3, the frequencies obtained were analyzed with logistic regression. In P4 data were disposed in frequency tables and analysed by X2. Long lairage time (T3) with ineffective stunning increased 1.73 times the risk to observe carcass contamination. At the long lairage time (T3), emesis increased (PPara determinar el efecto del tiempo de espera pre-sacrificio, la efectividad del aturdimiento, el tipo de categoría comercial y la consistencia del contenido ruminal en la emesis durante el intervalo entre aturdimiento y desangrado en ganado bovino, se seleccionaron 9,446 canales en cuatro plantas procesadoras (P1, P2, P3, P4). El tiempo de espera pre-sacrificio se clasificó en: 1) menor a 3 h (T1), 2) de 3 a 12 h (T2), 3) mayor a 12 h (T3). El aturdimiento se registró como efectivo y no efectivo. La consistencia del contenido ruminal, se clasificó en: acuosa, semi-acuosa y espesa. En P1, se registró el número de cabezas y pulmones contaminados por emesis, y el análisis se realizó mediante X2. Cuando la espera pre-sacrificio fue mayor a 10 h y el aturdimiento no fue efectivo, el riesgo fue 1.73 veces mayor para observar contaminación de la canal. Al aumentar el tiempo de espera pre-sacrificio se incrementó (

A systemic model of analysis of organizational culture in health care services

Introduction: The aim of this paper is to present the results of a case study carried out in the state of Hidalgo under a systemic model of analysis. This focused the organizational culture of health care services with the main purpose of studying these organizations and to understand their inner and outer dynamics. Method: A case study carried out under qualitative approach with the application of focus groups and interviews in communitarian health centers, physicians offices, sanatoriums and hospitals of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Results: The organizational culture in health care services was classified into 4 subsystems: human, technical-technological, functionalstructural and environmental macrosystem. Conclusion: An interrelation among the four subsystems was identified defining the dynamics of organizational culture of health care services in three transactions: interdynamics, intradynamics and outerdynamics

Prevalence and risk factors associated to the incorrect application of the anabolic implant in intensive cattle feedlots in Sinaloa, Mexico

Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with the incorrect application of the anabolic implant in feedlot cattle. Design/methodology/approach: An observational study was carried out in which 888 ears of cattle from 5 feedlot cattle were evaluated. The criteria for the condition of the anabolic implant were correct and incorrect (encapsulated, abscessed, in cartilage, misplaced, crowded, partial and absent). The results were evaluated using the Chi-square test and logistic regression, the alpha level established was 0.05. Results: A 64.30% prevalence of incorrectly applied anabolic implants was observed. At least 50% of the feedlots presented failures in the application of the implant. The encapsulated condition and the misplaced condition represented 91.6% (51.4 and 40.2%, respectively) of the total of the incorrect conditions. The risk that a bovine presents an incorrect condition increases 1.8 times more when it is a feedlot´s size was greater than 4000 bovines (P<0.001) and 4.2 times more when they are female (P<0.001), the season was not a risk factor (P>0.17). Study limitations/implications: The incorrect application of anabolic implants leads to failures that complicate their absorption and integration into the body, therefore, it is suggested to carry out more studies to determine the economic impact that this can cause. Findings/conclusions: It is concluded that the prevalence of implant failure is high, and therefore, the productive and economic benefits that the application of this productive technology favors are not being obtained, and there are also determining risk factors.Objective: To determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated to the incorrect application of the anabolic implant in intensive cattle feedlots. Design/Methodology/Approach: An observational study was conducted in which 888 cattle ears were evaluated from five livestock feedlots. The criteria of the condition of the anabolic implant were: correct and incorrect (encapsulated, abscessed, in cartilage, badly placed, heaped, partial and absent). The results were evaluated through the chi-squared test and logistic regression, the alpha level established was 0.05. Results: A prevalence of 64.30% incorrectly applied anabolic implants was observed. At least 50% of the cattle from the feedlots evaluated presented faults in the application of the implant. Encapsulated and badly placed implants represented 91.6% (51.4 and 40.2%, respectively) of the total incorrect conditions. The risk of a bovine presenting an incorrect condition increased 1.8 times more when the feedlot has more than 4000 cattle (P<0.001) and 4.2 times more when they are females (P<0.001); the season of the year was not a risk factor (P>0.17). Study Limitation/Implications: The incorrect application of anabolic implants derives in faults that complicate their absorption and integration into the organism, which is why more studies are suggested to determine the economic impact that this can cause. Findings/Conclusions: The prevalence of the fault in anabolic implants is high, and, therefore, the productive and economic benefits that favor the application of this productive technology are not being obtained, in addition to there being determinant risk factors

Escala ABCD-10 como predictor de mortalidad en niños con farmacodermias graves. Reporte de caso

Antecedentes: Las farmacodermias graves se asocian con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. La insuficiencia renal crónica relacionada con diálisis es uno de los principales factores asociados con mortalidad.  Reporte de caso: Paciente pediátrico masculino de 2 años, con antecedente de insuficiencia renal crónica (en tratamiento con diálisis peritoneal) y síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut, que ingresó al hospital por peritonitis aguda y evolucion a síndrome de Stevens-Johnson-necrólisis epidérmica tóxica, debido a la administración de fenitoína. Recibió tratamiento con inmunoglobulina y corticosteroide sistémico sin mejoría; se agregó choque séptico y posteriormente falleció. Conclusiones: La escala ABCD-10 versus SCORTEN es más efectiva para predecir la mortalidad por antecedente de diálisis. En niños con farmacodermias graves no existen escalas predictoras de mortalidad validadas. Las futuras iniciativas deben buscar factores de riesgo de mortalidad en niños con farmacodermias graves para la creación de una escala predictora de mortalidad. Palabras clave: Síndrome Stevens-Johnson; necrólisis epidérmica tóxica; diálisis; mortalidad; escala ABCD-10; niños

Implementation tells us more beyond pooled estimates: Secondary analysis of a multicountry mhealth trial to reduce blood pressure

Background: The uptake of an intervention aimed at improving health-related lifestyles may be influenced by the participant’s stage of readiness to change behaviors. Objective: We conducted secondary analysis of the Grupo de Investigación en Salud Móvil en América Latina (GISMAL) trial according to levels of uptake of intervention (dose-response) to explore outcomes by country, in order to verify the consistency of the trial’s pooled results, and by each participant’s stage of readiness to change a given lifestyle at baseline. The rationale for this secondary analysis is motivated by the original design of the GISMAL study that was independently powered for the primary outcome—blood pressure—for each country. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a mobile health (mHealth) multicountry trial conducted in Argentina, Guatemala, and Peru. The intervention consisted of monthly motivational phone calls by a trained nutritionist and weekly tailored text messages (short message service), over a 12-month period, aimed to enact change on 4 health-related behaviors: salt added to foods when cooking, consumption of high-fat and high-sugar foods, consumption of fruits or vegetables, and practice of physical activity. Results were stratified by country and by participants’ stage of readiness to change (precontemplation or contemplation; preparation or action; or maintenance) at baseline. Exposure (intervention uptake) was the level of intervention (<50%, 50%-74%, and ≥75%) received by the participant in terms of phone calls. Linear regressions were performed to model the outcomes of interest, presented as standardized mean values of the following: blood pressure, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, and the 4 health-related behaviors. Results: For each outcome of interest, considering the intervention uptake, the magnitude and direction of the intervention effect differed by country and by participants’ stage of readiness to change at baseline. Among those in the high intervention uptake category, reductions in systolic blood pressure were only achieved in Peru, whereas fruit and vegetable consumption also showed reductions among those who were at the maintenance stage at baseline in Argentina and Guatemala. Conclusions: Designing interventions oriented toward improving health-related lifestyle behaviors may benefit from recognizing baseline readiness to change and issues in implementation uptake.Fil: Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Perú. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Jiwani, Safia S.. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Diez Canseco, Francisco. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Kanter, Rebecca. Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama; Guatemala. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Beratarrechea, Andrea Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy; ArgentinaFil: Irazola, Vilma. Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez Zea, Manuel. Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama; GuatemalaFil: Rubinstein, Adolfo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Homero. Nutrition International; Canadá. Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; MéxicoFil: Miranda, J. Jaime. Cronicas Centro de Excelencia En Enfermedades Crónicas; Perú. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Alasino, Adrían. Funprecal; ArgentinaFil: Budiel Moscoso, Berneth Nuris. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Carrara, Carolina. Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Espinoza Surichaqui, Jackelyn. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Giardini, Gimena. Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Guevara, Jesica. Institute of Nutrition of Central America And Panama Guatemala; GuatemalaFil: Morales Juárez, Analí. Institute of Nutrition of Central America And Panama Guatemala; GuatemalaFil: Lázaro Cuesta, Lorena. Funprecal; ArgentinaFil: Lewitan, Dalia. Institute For Clinical Effectiveness And Health Policy; ArgentinaFil: Palomares Estrada, Lita. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Martínez Ramírez, Carla. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: de la Cruz, Gloria Robles. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Salguero, Julissa. Institute Of Nutrition Of Central America And Panama Guatemala; GuatemalaFil: Saravia Drago, Juan Carlos. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Urtasún, María. Institute For Clinical Effectiveness And Health Policy; ArgentinaFil: Zavala Loayza, José Alfredo. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Per

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

POR UNA CULTURA DE PAZ: UNA MIRADA DESDE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

En
 virtud
 de
 lo
 anterior,
 los
 estudiosos
 de
 las
 ciencias
 de
 la
 conducta
 
de
 la
 Universidad
Autónoma 
del
 Estado 
de 
México,

ante 
la
persistencia
 y 
proliferación
 de
 estos 
hechos
 en
 diversas
 partes
 del
Mundo
 y
 de
 nuestro 
país 
en 
particular, se
 convocó
 a
 los
 estudiosos
 interesados
 y
 a
 la
 sociedad
 en
 general
 a
 presentar
 trabajos
 para
 analizar,
 debatir
 y
 proponer
 estrategias
 de
 acción
 y
 dirección,
 que
 fortalezcan
 una
 convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz. El
 presente
 texto
 es
 producto
 de 
esta convocatoria 
que
 recoge 
los
trabajos 
de 

los
 interesados 
en 
la
 temática,

 de
 diferentes 
países
(España,
Argentina,
Cuba,
Brasil,
Costa
 Rica
 y
 México)
 retomando
 con
 ello
 sus
 experiencias
 relativas
 al
 estudio,
 análisis,
 comprensión
 e
 instrumentación
 de
 la
 cultura
 de
 paz
 en
 los
 distintos
 ámbitos
 institucionales
 en
 los
 que
 participan:
 educativo,
 salud,
 penitenciario,
 social,
laboral,
familia,
alimentario,
psicológico,
por 
mencionar 
algunos.
 El
 presente
 libro,
 propicia
 un
 espacio
 de
 reflexión,
 diálogo
 y
 posicionamiento
 de
 las 
ciencias 
de 
la 
conducta
 para 
la 
apropiación,
análisis,
debate
 y 
propuestas 
que
 fortalezcan 
una
 cultura
 de 
paz
 a
través
 de 
la
 convivencia 
y
 el 
bienestar
 social 
con
 sentido 
humanista.
El
 sistema 
económico
 neoliberal
 y 
el 
proceso
 de 
globalización 
han
 contribuido
al
 logro
 de
 avances
 significativos
 en
 la
 ciencia
 y
 la
 tecnología,
 pero
 también
 han
 propiciado
 la
 polarización
 de
 las
 sociedades
 lo
 que
 ha
 impactado
 de
 manera
 negativa
 a
 la
 sociedad
 en
 su
 conjunto,
 pero
 en
 mayor
 medida
 a
 los grupos
 vulnerables. Dicha
 polarización
 ha
 traído
 consigo
 un
 desarrollo
 desigual
 del
 mundo
 que
 se
 expresa
 de
 diferentes
 maneras
 tanto
 en
 países
 desarrollados
 como
 en
 los
 llamados
 del
 tercer
 mundo,
 en
 donde
 no
 están
 satisfechas
 las
 necesidades
 humanas 
elementales
 de
 todos 
los
sectores 
de 
la 
población,
siempre 
falta 
algo. 
Si 
a
 esto 
le
 sumamos 
los
conflictos
 internacionales por
 diferentes
 motivos
 que
 enfrentan
 algunas
 naciones,
 una
 insuficiente
 cobertura
 educativa
 y
 de
 salud,

 desempleo
 y
 pobreza 
extrema,
 entre 
otras
 cosas; 
estamos
 frente
 a
retos 
de
 gran
 envergadura
 para
 los
 gobiernos,
 para
 los
 estudiosos
 y
 para
 la
 sociedad
 civil
 en
 general. Uno 
de 
los
 intentos
 para
 frenar 
y prevenir 
la
 agudización
 de 
estas 
problemáticas
 es
 la
 cultura 
de 
paz,
cuyo
 estudio
y propuestas 
han 
ido 
avanzando 
en 
diferentes
 sentidos 
y 
de 
manera 
favorable,
el 
tema 
está 
presente 
en 
diferentes 
Organismos
 Internacionales
 como
 la
 ONU,
 la
 UNESCO,
 la
 OCDE,
 El
 Banco
 Mundial,
 entre
 otros.
 Pero
 falta 
mucho 
por 
hacer.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic