Fatores relacionados ao prognóstico da atresia biliar pós-portoenterostomia

Objetivo: o estudo está envolvido com o prognóstico da atresia biliar pós-portoenterostomia, presença de anomalias congênitas associadas à doença e de malformação de placa ductal, área de fibrose hepática e, sobretudo, com a idade dos pacientes por ocasião da cirurgia. O presente estudo verificou numa amostra de atresia biliar as implicações prognósticas destes fatores. Métodos: foram avaliados 47 pacientes com atresia biliar, em estudo de corte transversal. O material histológico dos casos foi marcado com anticorpo anticitoqueratina 19 e CAM 5.2 por método imunoistoquímico, para o estudo das estruturas biliares, e corado com picrossírius para avaliação da área de fibrose. O estudo das estruturas biliares foi realizado por dois patologistas e pelo primeiro autor deste estudo, “cegos” quanto à evolução dos casos. A mensuração da área de fibrose foi quantitativa. Os dados dos pacientes em relação à idade, ocorrência de óbito ou realização de transplante hepático foram pesquisados nos prontuários. Resultados: a idade por ocasião da portoenterostomia variou entre 24 e 251 dias de vida (90,4 + 44,8 dias), e em 32 casos (72%) a evolução pôde ser acompanhada. Os 9 casos (19%) com anomalias congênitas extra-hepáticas associadas não diferiram quanto ao prognóstico em relação ao restante da amostra. A idade por ocasião da portoenterostomia influenciou o prognóstico (p=0,016). A área de fibrose foi diferente entre pacientes operados com menos de 60 dias de vida e os operados com mais de 90 dias (p= 0,023), mas não influenciou a evolução dos casos. Tampouco a presença de malformação de placa ductal influiu no prognóstico. Conclusões: a idade por ocasião da portoenterostomia foi o único fator que afetou o prognóstico dos casos de atresia biliar. É necessário maior número de pacientes para avaliar a influência da presença de anomalias congênitas extra-hepáticas associadas sobre a evolução pósportoenterostomia.Objective: this study considered the presence of congenital anomalies, ductal plate malformation, area of fibrosis and, mainly, the patient’s age in cases of biliary atresia submitted to surgery. The present study verified the influence of these factors on the follow-up of a biliary atresia sample. Methods: a sample of 47 patients with biliary atresia was evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Their histologic specimens were stained for antibody anticytokeratin 19 and CAM 5.2 through immunohistochemistry in order to study biliary structures, and for picrosirius red to evaluate the area of fibrosis. The study of biliary structures was performed by two pathologists and the first author of the study. They were “blind” with regard to the clinical follow-up. The area of fibrosis was quantitatively evaluated. Data on the patients with regard to age, death and occurrence of liver transplantation were searched on the patients records. Results: age at portoenterostomy varied between 24 and 251 days of life (90.4 + 44.8 days) and follow-up was available in 32 cases (72%). The nine cases (19%) with extrahepatic congenital anomalies associated to biliary atresia did not present different prognosis from the remaining patients. Age at portoenterostomy influenced the prognosis (p=0.016). The area of fibrosis was different on patients aged less than 60 days and those aged more than 90 days at portoenterostomy (p=0.023), but did not influence the prognosis. The presence of ductal plate malformation, as well, did not influence the follow-up. Conclusions: age at portoenterostomy was the only factor that influenced prognosis on this sample of biliary atresia. It is necessary to increase the biliary atresia sample to check the influence of congenital extrahepatic anomalies on the follow-up postportoenterostomy

A new polymorph of 4′-hydroxyvalerophenone revealed by thermoanalytical and X-ray diffraction studies

A new polymorph of 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentan-1-one (4′-hydroxyvalerophenone, HVP) was identified by using differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. This novel crystal form (form II) was obtained by crystallization from melt. It has a fusion temperature of Tfus = 324.3 ± 0.2 K and an enthalpy of fusion ΔfusHmo = 18.14±0.18 kJ·mol−1. These values are significantly lower than those observed for the previously known phase (form I, monoclinic, space group P21/c, Tfus = 335.6 ± 0.7 K; ΔfusHmo = 26.67±0.04 kJ·mol−1), which can be prepared by crystallization from ethanol. The results here obtained, therefore, suggest that form I is thermodynamically more stable than the newly identified form II and, furthermore, that the two polymorphs are monotropically related

Fatores relacionados ao prognóstico da atresia biliar pós-portoenterostomia

Objetivo: o estudo está envolvido com o prognóstico da atresia biliar pós-portoenterostomia, presença de anomalias congênitas associadas à doença e de malformação de placa ductal, área de fibrose hepática e, sobretudo, com a idade dos pacientes por ocasião da cirurgia. O presente estudo verificou numa amostra de atresia biliar as implicações prognósticas destes fatores. Métodos: foram avaliados 47 pacientes com atresia biliar, em estudo de corte transversal. O material histológico dos casos foi marcado com anticorpo anticitoqueratina 19 e CAM 5.2 por método imunoistoquímico, para o estudo das estruturas biliares, e corado com picrossírius para avaliação da área de fibrose. O estudo das estruturas biliares foi realizado por dois patologistas e pelo primeiro autor deste estudo, “cegos” quanto à evolução dos casos. A mensuração da área de fibrose foi quantitativa. Os dados dos pacientes em relação à idade, ocorrência de óbito ou realização de transplante hepático foram pesquisados nos prontuários. Resultados: a idade por ocasião da portoenterostomia variou entre 24 e 251 dias de vida (90,4 + 44,8 dias), e em 32 casos (72%) a evolução pôde ser acompanhada. Os 9 casos (19%) com anomalias congênitas extra-hepáticas associadas não diferiram quanto ao prognóstico em relação ao restante da amostra. A idade por ocasião da portoenterostomia influenciou o prognóstico (p=0,016). A área de fibrose foi diferente entre pacientes operados com menos de 60 dias de vida e os operados com mais de 90 dias (p= 0,023), mas não influenciou a evolução dos casos. Tampouco a presença de malformação de placa ductal influiu no prognóstico. Conclusões: a idade por ocasião da portoenterostomia foi o único fator que afetou o prognóstico dos casos de atresia biliar. É necessário maior número de pacientes para avaliar a influência da presença de anomalias congênitas extra-hepáticas associadas sobre a evolução pósportoenterostomia.Objective: this study considered the presence of congenital anomalies, ductal plate malformation, area of fibrosis and, mainly, the patient’s age in cases of biliary atresia submitted to surgery. The present study verified the influence of these factors on the follow-up of a biliary atresia sample. Methods: a sample of 47 patients with biliary atresia was evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Their histologic specimens were stained for antibody anticytokeratin 19 and CAM 5.2 through immunohistochemistry in order to study biliary structures, and for picrosirius red to evaluate the area of fibrosis. The study of biliary structures was performed by two pathologists and the first author of the study. They were “blind” with regard to the clinical follow-up. The area of fibrosis was quantitatively evaluated. Data on the patients with regard to age, death and occurrence of liver transplantation were searched on the patients records. Results: age at portoenterostomy varied between 24 and 251 days of life (90.4 + 44.8 days) and follow-up was available in 32 cases (72%). The nine cases (19%) with extrahepatic congenital anomalies associated to biliary atresia did not present different prognosis from the remaining patients. Age at portoenterostomy influenced the prognosis (p=0.016). The area of fibrosis was different on patients aged less than 60 days and those aged more than 90 days at portoenterostomy (p=0.023), but did not influence the prognosis. The presence of ductal plate malformation, as well, did not influence the follow-up. Conclusions: age at portoenterostomy was the only factor that influenced prognosis on this sample of biliary atresia. It is necessary to increase the biliary atresia sample to check the influence of congenital extrahepatic anomalies on the follow-up postportoenterostomy

Avaliação da qualidade nutricional da silagem de cana-de-açúcar com aditivos microbianos e enriquecida com resíduo da colheita de soja Evaluation of the nutritional quality of sugarcane silage treated with microbial additives and soybean crop residue

Objetivou-se avaliar as características fermentativas e a qualidade nutricional da silagem de cana-de-açúcar tratada com aditivos microbianos e enriquecida com 10% de resíduo da colheita de soja, com base no peso verde da cana. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições, utilizando-se a variedade RB855536, colhida em soca aos 16 meses. Embora a adição do resíduo da colheita de soja tenha promovido aumento do pH final da silagem, os tratamentos com resíduo diminuíram em 33% as perdas de matéria seca das silagens e em 60% o teor de N-amoniacal em relação ao nitrogênio total. A adição dos inoculantes reduziu o pH da silagem quando em associação ao resíduo de soja, não exercendo efeito significativo sobre os outros parâmetros estudados. Em todos os tratamentos, as silagens apresentaram maiores concentrações dos componentes da fibra e redução nos teores de MS em relação ao material original, antes da ensilagem. Nos tratamentos com resíduo, os valores de digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) foram superiores aos obtidos nos demais tratamentos. Quando comparado o material utilizado para ensilagem, a redução na digestibilidade foi superior para os tratamentos sem o resíduo (24,3 vs 9,3%). A associação do resíduo da colheita de soja à cana-de-açúcar para ensilagem proporcionou melhor qualidade nutritiva, com menores perdas de MS e carboidratos solúveis, principalmente na forma de gases, e, conseqüentemente, menor acúmulo dos componentes da parede celular, além de redução na DIVMS da forragem. Não se recomenda a utilização dos inoculantes L. plantarum e L. buchneri na ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar, pois nenhuma melhoria foi observada na composição química ou no perfil de fermentação das silagens.<br>The objective of this trial was to evaluate the fermentative characteristics and nutritional quality of sugarcane treated with microbial additives and 10% of soybean crop residue based on sugarcane fresh weight. The variety RB855536 harvested at 16 months of age was used in a completely randomized design with tree repetitions. Addition of soybean crop residue reduced 33% of DM losses and 60% of ammonia-N (% total N) although final silage pH increased. Use of inoculants reduced silage pH only in association with soybean crop residue with no significant effects on the remaining variables. For all treatments, silages had higher contents of fiber and lower DM levels than the material before ensiling. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was significantly higher (P<0.05) on treatments with soybean crop residue compared to the other treatments. Moreover, compared with the material used for ensiling, reduction in digestibility was higher for treatments without soybean crop residue (24.3% vs. 9.3%). Combination of soybean crop residue with sugarcane improved nutritional quality and reduced DM and soluble carbohydrates losses, mainly in the form of gases, diluting the proportion of cell wall components and preventing losses in forage IVDMD. The use of the inoculants L. plantarum and L. buchneri during ensiling of sugarcane is not recommended because no improvement was observed on the chemical composition or fermentation profile of silages

Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods: A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student- and trainee-led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre-specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results: A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57\u201375) years (54\ub79 per cent men). Some 1153 (27\ub77 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1\u20133, of whom 1061 (92\ub70 per cent) received non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4\ub76 versus 4\ub78 days; hazard ratio 1\ub704, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub796 to 1\ub712; P = 0\ub7360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5\ub74 versus 4\ub76 per cent; P = 0\ub7349) or acute kidney injury (14\ub73 versus 13\ub78 per cent; P = 0\ub7666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35\ub73 versus 56\ub77 per cent; P &lt; 0\ub7001). Conclusion: NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien\u2013Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9\ub72 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4\u20137) and 7 (6\u20138) days respectively (P &lt; 0\ub7001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6\ub76 versus 8\ub70 per cent; P = 0\ub7499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0\ub790, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub755 to 1\ub746; P = 0\ub7659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34\ub77 versus 39\ub75 per cent; major 3\ub73 versus 3\ub74 per cent; P = 0\ub7110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients