Desarrollo de una herramienta interactiva online (campus virtual) para la realización y corrección de ejercicios como herramienta de aprendizaje en mejora genética

Se ha desarrollo de una herramienta interactiva para la resolución de problemas por parte del alumno de la asignatura Mejora Genética de los Animales de Interés Veterinario (Grado en Veterinaria). Al acceder a la herramienta, a través del campus virtual de la asignatura, selecciona entre el índice de problemas, aquel que desea resolver. Al introducir los resultados se corrige en el momento el ejercicio por lo que el alumno conoce los errores cometidos sin necesidad de esperar. El alumno puede utilizar la herramienta tantas veces como considere oportuno y en cada ingreso los datos de los problemas cambian. Los resultados introducidos por el alumno y sus calificaciones se almacenan, con el objetivo de analizar el uso de la herramienta y los resultados obtenidos por los alumnos. Para facilitar la resolución de los problemas al alumno se le facilita a través del campus virtual un documento con apuntes y un hilo abierto en el foro de la asignatura para la resolución de dudas entre ellos y con el profesor.Depto. de Producción AnimalFac. de VeterinariaFALSEsubmitte

Genetic diversity measures of local European beef cattle breeds for conservation purposes

This study was undertaken to determine the genetic structure, evolutionary relationships, and the genetic diversity among 18 local cattle breeds from Spain, Portugal, and France using 16 microsatellites. Heterozygosities, estimates of Fst, genetic distances, multivariate and diversity analyses, and assignment tests were performed. Heterozygosities ranged from 0.54 in the Pirenaica breed to 0.72 in the Barrosã breed. Seven percent of the total genetic variability can be attributed to differences among breeds (mean Fst = 0.07; P < 0.01). Five different genetic distances were computed and compared with no correlation found to be significantly different from 0 between distances based on the effective size of the population and those which use the size of the alleles. The Weitzman recursive approach and a multivariate analysis were used to measure the contribution of the breeds diversity. The Weitzman approach suggests that the most important breeds to be preserved are those grouped into two clusters: the cluster formed by the Mirandesa and Alistana breeds and that of the Sayaguesa and Tudanca breeds. The hypothetical extinction of one of those clusters represents a 17% loss of diversity. A correspondence analysis not only distinguished four breed groups but also confirmed results of previous studies classifying the important breeds contributing to diversity. In addition, the variation between breeds was sufficiently high so as to allow individuals to be assigned to their breed of origin with a probability of 99% for simulated samples

Genetic Diversity of Five Galician (Northwestern Spain) Local Primitive Bovine Breeds Using Pedigree Records

Characterization, inventory and monitoring trends of animal genetic resources of local breeds are crucial factors for the development of conservation strategies. Using genealogical information, the genetic diversity of five Spanish local bovine breeds located in the northwest of Spain in the region of Galicia, and called in the past Morenas Gallegas (Cachena, Caldelá, Frieiresa, Limiá and Vianesa), has been analysed. The results achieved a good quality of pedigree records in terms of integrity and deepness. In spite of the low census of the five breeds, (no more or even less than one thousand animals), the strategies developed for genetic diversity conservation since the end of the last century revealed positive results. An increase of generation intervals, the use of reproductive technologies and a higher animal exchange between herds are some strategies suggested to preserve the genetic diversity of the five Galician bovine breeds analysed

Assessment of parental contributions to fast- and slow-growing progenies in the sea bream Sparus aurata L. using a new multiplex PCR

Molecular tools to assist breeding programs in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) are scarce. A new multiplex PCR technique (OVIDORPLEX), which amplifies nine known microsatellite markers, was developed in this work. This multiplex system showed a high mean heterozygosity (>0.800) and a high mean number of alleles per marker (>14) when tested in two sea bream broodstocks (A: 40 breeders and B: 38 breeders). We tested this multiplex PCR for inferring parentage in a Spanish hatchery that graded the animals by size as part of their management procedure. The progeny of the broodstock were divided into fast- and slow-growth groups. Parentage studies revealed that this management procedure entailed a global reduction of the breeders' representation in progeny and that breeders' contributions were significantly unequal. Due to this, effective sample sizes fell to N ê¿13-14 for fast- and N ê¿18-24 for slow-growth progeny groups. These results imply a 3 to 4% rate of inbreeding per generation in the fast-growth group, which is more important to hatchery managers than the slow group. Not all the progeny were evaluated in this experiment (due to the discarding steps), and thus it is difficult to know if the phenotypic performance showed by the fast-growing progeny will be heritable. However, there were genetic differences between the differentiated growth progeny groups (fast vs. slow, F ST values=0.016 to 0.023; P<0.01). We also identified breeders with significantly different contributions to the fast- (10 breeders) or to the slow- (15 breeders) growth progeny groups. Our results demonstrated that this new multiplex PCR could be useful for quantitative programs (breeding programs, detection of QTL, inbreeding control or reconstruction of fish genealogies) to improve the aquaculture of the gilthead sea bream (S. aurata). © 2011 Elsevier B.V.This work was carried out in collaboration with the fish farm Granja Marina Safor, S.L. (Gandia, Valencia, Spain) and the hatchery Piscicultura Marina Mediterranea, S.L. (Burriana, Castellon, Spain). It was financed by JACUMAR (the PROGENSA project) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN; National Program of Resources and Food and Agriculture Technologies, AGL2006-13411-C03-00, SELECTSPARUS, and AGL2007-64040-C03-00, SELECTBREAM, including European Regional Development Funds). V. Gallego was supported by a FPI scholarship financed by MICINN; C. Garcia-Fernandez was supported by a FPU scholarship financed by MICINN; and I. Mazzeo was supported by a FPI scholarship financed by Generalitat Valenciana. We are indebted to three anonymous referees and the journal editor for valuable comments.Borrell, YJ.; Gallego Albiach, V.; García Fernández, C.; Mazzeo ., I.; Pérez Igualada, LM.; Asturiano Nemesio, JF.; Carleos, CE.... (2011). Assessment of parental contributions to fast- and slow-growing progenies in the sea bream Sparus aurata L. using a new multiplex PCR. Aquaculture. 314(1-4):58-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.01.028S58653141-

Paquetes estadísticos con licencia libre (I)

This article, the first in a series of works, presents an overview of the major statistical packages available today with free license, understanding this concept from the large computer and self-defined projects that have crystallized in the last thirty years. In this first paper we pay attention mainly to the program R.El presente artículo, el primero de una serie de trabajos, presenta un panorama de los principales paquetes estadísticos disponibles en la actualidad con licencia libre, entendiendo este concepto a partir de los grandes proyectos informáticos así autodefinidos que han cristalizado en los últimos treinta años. En esta primera entrega se presta atención fundamentalmente al programa R

Cramér-von mises statistic for repeated measures

El criterio de Cramér-von Mises es empleado para comparar la igualdadentre las distribuciones marginales de una variable aleatoria k-dimensional.El conocido principio de invaranza de Donsker y la expansión de Karhunen-Loéve se usan para derivar su distribución asintótica. Dos planes de remuestreodiferentes (uno basado en permutaciones y el otro basado en el algoritmobootstrap general, gBA) son usados para aproximar su distribución.El comportamiento práctico del test propuesto es estudiado mediante simulacionesde Monte Carlo. La potencia estadística del test basado en el criterio de Cramér-von Mises es competitiva cuando la distribuciones subyacentesdifieren en el parámetro de localización. Este test es claramente superior alde Friedman cuando las únicas diferencias son en la dispersión o la forma.Ambos planes de remuestreo obtienen resultados similares aunque el gBAevita la hipótesis de intercambiabilidad. Finalmente, el método propuestoes aplicado al estudio de la evolución de las desigualdades en los ingresosentre algunos países Europeos entre los años 2000 y 2011