Infestation and Reproduction of Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman and Hygienic Behavior in Colonies of Apis mellifera L. (Africanized Honeybee) with Queens of Different Genetic Origins

The hygienic behavior and variables related to the varroa mite in Apis mellifera colonies, with queens of different origins, were evaluated from October 2013 to June 2014. Queens from the selection program of the Maringá State University (Maringá / PR), from a beekeeper/ producer of Santa Terezinha/ SC and unselected queens, randomly selected in an experimental apiary (Irineópolis / SC) were evaluated. Colonies with queens of Maringá presented an increase in the invasion rate and total reproduction of varroa as there was reduction of hygienic behavior. This group presented a reduction in the effective reproduction of the mite, with a mean of 2.3 fertile offspring. Colonies with queens of Santa Terezinha presented an increase in the invasion rate due to the reduction of hygienic behavior, but in a less marked manner, since this characteristic remained stable, with an average of 92.0%. The total and effective reproduction of the mite for this group was 1.7 and 0.9 of total and fertile offspring, respectively. Colonies with queens of Irineópolis showed the lowest hygienic behavior (78.0%) and the highest total (12.6) and effective (5.3) reproduction of the mite. The use of selected queens, with hygienic behavior, interferes with the varroa population dynamics, contributing to the reduction of the invasion and total and effective reproduction rates of the mite

HIV, HPV, and syphilis prevalence in a women's penitentiary in the city of São Paulo, 1997-1998

Incarcerated women as a group are particularly vulnerable to infections. The lack of public programs for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment contribute to the increase in the incidence and prevalence of diseases in general and especially sexually transmitted diseases. This article aims to estimate the prevalence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and syphilis among inmates at the Women's Penitentiary in the State capital of São Paulo, Brazil. All inmates were invited to participate in the study, which was divided into two stages: 1. STD/AIDS preventive workshops including interviews and 2. laboratory tests. The interview covered knowledge of STD/AIDS, risk behavior, and individual reproductive health history. A total of 262 women, with a mean age of 32.4 years and limited schooling, participated in more than one stage of the study. Prevalence rates were 14.5% for HIV, 16.3% for high-oncogenic-risk HPV probes, 4.8% for low-oncogenic-risk HPV probes, and 5.7% for syphilis. The authors conclude that STD/HIV constitute a serious health problem in the prison system, requiring urgent preventive measures.Mulheres encarceradas constituem um grupo especialmente vulnerável a infecções. A inexistência de programas oficiais de diagnóstico precoce, tratamento e prevenção contribuem para o aumento da incidência e prevalência de doenças, sobretudo as transmitidas sexualmente. Este artigo objetiva estimar a prevalência de infecção por HIV, HPV e sífilis em mulheres da Penitenciária Feminina da Capital - São Paulo/Brasil. Todas as mulheres da unidade prisional foram convidadas a participar do estudo que foi dividido em duas fases: (1) oficinas de prevenção às DST/AIDS e entrevista; (2) exames laboratoriais. A entrevista abordou conhecimento sobre as DST/AIDS, comportamento de risco e história reprodutiva. O total de 262 mulheres, com idade média de 32,4 anos e baixo nível de escolaridade, participou em mais de uma etapa do estudo. Foram observadas prevalências de 14,5% para infecção por HIV, 16,3% com sondas de HPV de alto potencial oncogênico, 4,8% com sondas de HPV de baixo potencial oncogênico e 5,7% para sífilis. Conclui-se que as DST/HIV constituem grave problema de saúde no sistema penitenciário que justificam medidas preventivas urgentes.Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Saúde Pública Departamento de EpidemiologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Progressos genéticos em progênies de café por diferentes critérios de seleção

In order to investigate the aspects related to the use of selection indexes in Coffea arabica breeding, analytical procedures were used: index based on the sum of ranks of Mulamba and Mock (ISR), index of desired gains of Pesek and Baker (DGI), classic index of Smith and Hazel (CI), base index of Williams (BI), and direct and indirect selection (DIS). Thirty-nine progenies were evaluated in the 4th generation by selfing after the 2nd backcross between “Catuai” and “Mundo Novo”. The evaluations were realized in coffee plants from 30 months old on, having the following characteristics: yield of eight harvests, classification for blend 16 and over, percentage of floating fruits, vegetative vigor and percentage of flat beans. The analytical procedures of selection indexes showed possibilities of applications in advanced generations of breeding being superior when compared with DIS. The DGI was not appropriate in the situation analyzed in this work. The selection based on CI and BI was the criteria that showed the best results in terms of gains in yield and grain size, and in the distribution of gains in the other characteristics.Objetivando-se investigar os aspectos relacionados à utilização de índices de seleção no melhoramento de café arábica, foram utilizados os procedimentos analíticos: índice com base em soma de postos de Mulamba and Mock (ISP), índice de ganhos desejados de Pesek and Baker (IGD), índice clássico de Smith e Hazel (IC), índice-base de Williams (IB) e a seleção direta e indireta (SDI). Foram avaliadas 39 progênies na 4ª geração por autofecundação, após o 2º retrocruzamento entre ‘Catuaí’ e ‘Mundo Novo’. As avaliações foram realizadas em cafeeiros a partir dos 30 meses de idade, compreendendo as seguintes características: produtividade de oito colheitas, classificação quanto à peneira 16 e acima, porcentagem de frutos granados, vigor vegetativo e porcentagem de grãos chatos. Os procedimentos analíticos dos índices de seleção apresentam possibilidades de aplicações em gerações avançadas de melhoramento sendo superiores em relação à SDI. O IGD não foi adequado na situação analisada no presente trabalho. A seleção com base nos IC e IB foi o critério que apresentou os melhores resultados em termos de ganhos em produtividade e tamanho de grãos e na distribuição de ganhos nas demais características

Resistance of genetically modified potatoes to Potato virus Y under field conditions

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de clones geneticamente modificados de batata ao Potato virus Y (PVY) em condições de campo. As plantas geneticamente modificadas foram comparadas com plantas não modificadas da mesma cultivar. As parcelas foram delimitadas com plantas infectadas com as estirpes PVYO e PVYN (linhas disseminadoras), para tornar disponível, na área experimental, a fonte de inóculo de vírus, que foi naturalmente disseminada pela população nativa de afídeos. O experimento foi monitorado semanalmente por inspeção visual e por DAS-Elisa nas plantas produzidas a partir dos tubérculos colhidos, para avaliar a resistência de plantas transgênicas ao longo do ciclo de crescimento. Ao final do terceiro ano, nenhum sintoma de infecção foi observado no clone 1P; o clone 63P apresentou 1% de infecção, em contraste com cerca de 90% de plantas-controle infectadas. A expressão estável da resistência ao PVY, conferida pelo gene da capa proteica, foi obtida em clones de batata geneticamente modificados da cultivar Achat, em condições de campo, durante três anos consecutivos.The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of genetically modified clones of potato to Potato virus Y (PVY) under field conditions. Genetically modified plants were compared with nontransformed plants of the same cultivar. The plots were flanked with potato plants infected with both PVYO and PVYN strains (spread lines), in order to provide the experimental area with the source of virus, which was naturally spread by the native aphid population. The experiment was weekly monitored by visual inspections and by DAS-Elisa in the plants produced from the harvested tubers, in order to evaluate the resistance of transgenic plants throughout the plant growth cycle. By the end of the third year, no infection symptoms were observed in the 1P clone; clone 63P showed 1% of infection, in contrast to about 90% of nontransformed plants infected. The stable expression of resistance to PVY provided by the coat protein gene was obtained in genetically modified clones of potato plants cultivar Achat under field conditions, during three consecutive years

Comportamento de cultivares de triticale no estado de São Paulo no periodo de 1985-1987.

Results of twelve experiments of triticale cultivars carried out at distinct regions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, in the period 1985-1987, were evaluated to grain yield and resistance to diseases. The correlation between the hectolitric weight (HW) of the grains and the 1000 grain weight (1000 GW) in the trials carried out at Maracaí was studied. The analysis of variance of all the experiments taken together showed highly significant effects for treatments, locations and years. All interactions were significant except for treatment x year. The triticales ITOC 841, ICT 8426, IAC 1, ICT 8433 and ICT 8439 presented the best performance. At Capão Bonito the triticale TCEP 8136 exhibited good productivity. The wheat cultivars IAC 5 and IAC 18 were more productive than the triticale cultivars, only in the experiments carried out at Cruzalia. No significant correlation between HW and 1000 G.W. was found in the considered experiments. The triticale cultivars presented a superior HW in relation to the triticale cultivars; however, the 1000 GW of some triticale cultivars were superior to the wheat IAC S. The occurrence of leaf rust at a superior levels in the wheat IAC 5 in relation to the other wheat and triticale cultivars under study was observed. All genotypes were sensitive to Helmintosporium sp. The triticale cultivar showed lodging resistance in relation to the wheat cultivars.Foram avaliadas cultivares de triticale quanto à produtividade e resistência às doenças, em doze experimentos instalados em diferentes regiões do estado de São Paulo, ente 1985 e 1987. Estudou-se a correlação entre os dados do peso hectolítrico (P11) e o peso de mil sementes (PMS) obtidos nos ensaios de Maracaí. A análise conjunta dos experimentos demonstrou efeitos significativos para cultivar, locais e anos e não-significativo para a interação cultivar x ano. Destacaram-se as cultivares de triticale ITOC 841, ICT 8426, IAC 1, ICT 8433 e ICT 8439. Na região sul do Estado, em Capão Bonito, destacou-se a TCEP 8136. Cultivares de trigo IAC Se IAC 18, controles, foram superiores às de triticale somente nos ensaios de Cruzália. Ficou constatada a não-correlação entre o P11 e o PMS. As cultivares de trigo apresentaram P11 superior ao das cultivares de triticale, e o PMS de algumas cultivares de triticale foi superior ao da IAC S. A ferrugem-da-folha ocorreu com maior intensidade na IAC 5, e todos os genótipos em estudos foram suscetíveis à helmintosporiose. Observou-se que as cultivares de triticale apresentaram maior resistência ao acamament

Evaluation of the effects of low intensity laser in proliferation of dental pulp stem cells/ Avaliação dos efeitos do laser de baixa intensidade na proliferação de células-tronco de polpa dentária

Objective: In this study, the effects of the low intensity laser were evaluated in the proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Design: These cells were irradiated every 12 hours for 72 hours or at 0 and 48 hours only, with a Red-InGaAlP laser (660nm, 30mW and 0.5 or 1J/cm2) for 16 or 33 seconds and their proliferation was assessed by the MTT assay. In addition, the Trypan Blue assay was used to analyze the viability of DPSCs in the best parameter recorded by MTT. Results: It was observed that the lowest dose of the laser (0.5J/cm2) in applications at 0 and 48 hours obtained the higher proliferation rates then all the other groups. Finally, through the Trypan Blue assay, we observed that the viability of the stem cells was not affected by the low intensity laser (0.5J/cm2). Conclusions: Our data corroborate with other data from the literature and therefore suggest that the low intensity laser can be used in order to improve cell proliferation. However, further studies should be carried out in order to evaluate if these parameters can be used in other cell lines

Poda e sistemas de condução na produção de figos verdes

The objective of the work was to verify the effect of pruning time and conduction system on growth, yield, and quality of the fig tree fruit grown in the northern Minas Gerais region, under irrigation. The design utilized was randomized blocks with four replicates, and the treatments arranged in a 4x2 factorial scheme, taking as factors pruning times (June, September, December and March) and conduction system (with lopping and without lopping). In each plot, made up of three useful plants, data concerning the cropping cycles of 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 were collected. No interaction between the factors pruning time and conduction system was verified. There were yield differences between pruning times; the March- and June-pruned plants presented higher yields. There were no yield differences between the conduction systems. Different pruning times and conduction systems did not affect quality of fig tree fruit and contents of total soluble solids, pH, total titrable acidity, total sugars, glucose, sucrose and starch.O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da época de poda e de sistemas de condução sobre crescimento, produção e qualidade de frutos da figueira cultivada na região norte mineira, sob irrigação. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, e os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4x2, tomando por fatores épocas de poda (junho, setembro, dezembro e março) e sistemas de condução (com desponte e sem desponte). Em cada parcela, constituída de três plantas úteis, foram coletados dados nos ciclos de produção 2000/2001 e 2001/2002. Não houve interação entre os fatores época de poda e sistema de condução. Houve diferenças de produção entre épocas de poda; plantas podadas em março e junho apresentaram maiores produções. Não houve diferença de produção entre os dois sistemas de condução. Diferentes épocas de poda e sistemas de condução não influíram na qualidade dos frutos em relação a teores de sólidos solúveis totais, pH, acidez total titulável, açúcares totais, glucose, sacarose e amido. A poda da figueira em diferentes épocas do ano pode propiciar produção na entressafra da cultura no norte de Minas Gerais, sem alterar a qualidade dos frutos verdes com padrão para a indústria

Qualidade do semen fresco e criopreservado e sua influência nas taxas de fertilização, eclosão e qualidade das larvas de Piaractus mesopotamicus

In this work, the seminal parameters of P. mesopotamicus were evaluated fresh and after cryopreservation, focusing on the sperm variables that affect the rates of fertilization, hatching and post-hatching parameters such as larval survival and morphology. The semen and oocytes from the animals were collected after extrusion, and seminal quality and oocyte fertilization were analyzed. Subsequently, a portion of each semen sample was cryopreserved and, after two days, the oocytes from three new females were fertilized with cryopreserved semen from the males. The analyzes showed that progressive motility, spermatic vigor, motility duration, number of normal sperm and secondary abnormalities were higher in fresh semen than in semen after thawing (P <0.0001). Similarly, fertilization and hatching rates and the percentage of normal and abnormal larvae in fertilized oocytes were higher when fresh semen was used (P <0.0001). The cryopreservation process affected the qualitative parameters of the semen of Piaractus mesopotamicus. The primary abnormality of spermatozoa was the main variable that influenced both fertilization and hatching rates, both in fresh and thawed semen. The second most important variable that influenced, particularly, thawed semen, was the spermatic vigor.Neste trabalho, os parâmetros seminais de P. mesopotamicus foram avaliados fresco e após criopreservação, com foco nas variáveis espermáticas ​​que afetam as taxas de fertilização, eclosão e os parâmetros pós-eclosão como a sobrevivência e a morfologia das larvas. Os espermatozoides e os ovócitos dos animais foram coletados após a extrusão, e a qualidade seminal e a fertilização dos ovócitos foram analisados. Posteriormente, uma porção de cada amostra de semen foi criopreservada e, após dois dias, os ovócitos de três novas fêmeas foram fertilizados com semen criopreservado dos machos. As análises mostraram que a motilidade progressiva, o vigor espermático, a duração da motilidade, o número de espermatozoides normais e anormalidades secundárias foram maiores no semen fresco do que no semen após descongelamento (P <0,0001). Da mesma forma, as taxas de fertilização e eclosão e a porcentagem de larvas normais e anormais em ovócitos fertilizados foram maiores quando o semen fresco foi utilizado (P <0,0001). O processo de criopreservação afetou os parâmetros qualitativos do sêmen de Piaractus mesopotamicus . A anormalidade primária dos espermatozoides foi a principal variável que influenciou tanto a taxa de fertilização como a de eclosão, tanto no semen fresco como no semen descongelado. A segunda variável mais importante que influenciou, particularmente, o semen descongelado, foi o vigor espermático

Práticas inclusivas no curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo na Universidade Federal de Viçosa: atuação multidisciplinar de um Projeto de Letramento voltado à formação de uma discente Surda

ABSTRACT. This article discusses the educational and linguistic demands presented by a deaf person in the Bachelor of Rural Teachers, attended by a multidisciplinary team to develop strategic actions for the educational inclusion of the deaf. Knowledge of bilingual and scientific literacy practices was considered. For that, we used a qualitative approach characterized as action-critical research, including participant observation to describe the history and demands that led to the creation of this Literacy Project and the composition of the team that participated in the inclusion and literacy process. The results of educational actions pointed out the pertinence and need of considering the participation of this pre-service teacher deaf of the Rural Bachelor course as the guiding agent of the entire process. Since the team's articulation was only possible based on the considerations and notes given for this deaf referred. The results reveal the importance to articulate interventions about inclusive and bilingual approach in the University. Specifically, in the pre-service Science teacher courses, in order to discuss the presence of Brazilian Sign Language in inclusive or bilingual contexts, ensure the professional development of the deaf and the technical capacitation of the team members, through an effective evaluation of the educational process.ABSTRACT. This article discusses the educational and linguistic demands presented by a deaf person in the Bachelor of Rural Teachers, attended by a multidisciplinary team to develop strategic actions for the educational inclusion of the deaf. Knowledge of bilingual and scientific literacy practices was considered. For that, we used a qualitative approach characterized as action-critical research, including participant observation to describe the history and demands that led to the creation of this Literacy Project and the composition of the team that participated in the inclusion and literacy process. The results of educational actions pointed out the pertinence and need of considering the participation of this pre-service teacher deaf of the Rural Bachelor course as the guiding agent of the entire process. Since the team's articulation was only possible based on the considerations and notes given for this deaf referred. The results reveal the importance to articulate interventions about inclusive and bilingual approach in the University. Specifically, in the pre-service Science teacher courses, in order to discuss the presence of Brazilian Sign Language in inclusive or bilingual contexts, ensure the professional development of the deaf and the technical capacitation of the team members, through an effective evaluation of the educational process.RESUMEN. Esto trabajo propone, basado en las literacidades bilingüe y científica, articular las necesidades educativas y lingüísticas de una estudiante Sorda del curso de Educación del Campo, atendida un equipo multidisciplinario que desarrolló acciones estratégicas hacia la inclusión. Para eso, utilizamos un enfoque cualitativo caracterizado como investigación-acción-crítica, que se basó en la observación participante para describir los antecedentes y las necesidades que llevaron a la creación de un proyecto de Literacidad y de la composición del equipo. Los resultados de las acciones apuntan a la pertinencia y viabilidad de considerar la participación efectiva de la estudiante Sorda como el agente orientador de todo el proceso educativo, ya que la articulación del equipo solo fue posible en función de las consideraciones y notas dadas por la estudiante. Los resultados revelan la necesidad de crear intervenciones de carácter inclusivo y bilingüe en la Educación Superior, específicamente en la formación inicial para la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales, a fin de lograr la presencia de la Lengua de Señas Brasileña en este contexto, para garantizar la formación educativa de la estudiante Sorda y la capacitación de miembros del equipo, a través de una continua evaluación crítica del proceso formativo.ABSTRACT. This article discusses the educational and linguistic demands presented by a deaf person in the Bachelor of Rural Teachers, attended by a multidisciplinary team to develop strategic actions for the educational inclusion of the deaf. Knowledge of bilingual and scientific literacy practices was considered. For that, we used a qualitative approach characterized as action-critical research, including participant observation to describe the history and demands that led to the creation of this Literacy Project and the composition of the team that participated in the inclusion and literacy process. The results of educational actions pointed out the pertinence and need of considering the participation of this pre-service teacher deaf of the Rural Bachelor course as the guiding agent of the entire process. Since the team's articulation was only possible based on the considerations and notes given for this deaf referred. The results reveal the importance to articulate interventions about inclusive and bilingual approach in the University. Specifically, in the pre-service Science teacher courses, in order to discuss the presence of Brazilian Sign Language in inclusive or bilingual contexts, ensure the professional development of the deaf and the technical capacitation of the team members, through an effective evaluation of the educational process.O presente trabalho propõe, a partir dos saberes acerca dos letramentos bilíngue e científico, discutir as demandas educacionais e linguísticas de uma estudante Surda da Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, atendida por uma equipe multidisciplinar que desenvolveu ações estratégicas no sentido da inclusão. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa caracterizada como pesquisa-ação-crítica, que contou com a observação participante para descrever o histórico e as necessidades que levaram a criação de um Projeto de Letramento e da composição da equipe em questão. Os resultados das ações apontaram a pertinência e viabilidade de se considerar a participação efetiva da discente Surda como agente orientador de todo o processo educacional, visto que a articulação da equipe só foi possível a partir das considerações e apontamentos dados pela discente. Os achados revelam a necessidade de busca por intervenções de caráter inclusivo e bilíngue na Educação Superior, especificamente na formação inicial para docência em Ciências da Natureza, de modo a efetivar a presença da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) nesse contexto. E, assim, assegurar a formação educacional da estudante Surda e a capacitação continuada dos integrantes da equipe, por meio de uma efetiva avaliação crítica desse processo formativo. Palavras-chave: Educação do Campo, Inclusão de Surdos(as), Língua Brasileira de Sinais, Letramento, Multidisciplinaridade. &nbsp; Inclusive practices in Rural Teacher Bachelor Course at Federal University of Viçosa (Brazil): multidisciplinary actions of the Literacy Project that was addressed to one deaf in the pre-service teacher process ABSTRACT. This article discusses the educational and linguistic demands presented by a deaf person in the Bachelor of Rural Teachers, attended by a multidisciplinary team to develop strategic actions for the educational inclusion of the deaf. Knowledge of bilingual and scientific literacy practices was considered. For that, we used a qualitative approach characterized as action-critical research, including participant observation to describe the history and demands that led to the creation of this Literacy Project and the composition of the team that participated in the inclusion and literacy process. The results of educational actions pointed out the pertinence and need of considering the participation of this pre-service teacher deaf of the Rural Bachelor course as the guiding agent of the entire process. Since the team's articulation was only possible based on the considerations and notes given for this deaf referred. The results reveal the importance to articulate interventions about inclusive and bilingual approach in the University. Specifically, in the pre-service Science teacher courses, in order to discuss the presence of Brazilian Sign Language in inclusive or bilingual contexts, ensure the professional development of the deaf and the technical capacitation of the team members, through an effective evaluation of the educational process. Keywords: Rural Teacher Bachelor, Inclusion of Deaf people, Brazilian Sign Language, Literacy, Multidisciplinarity. &nbsp; Prácticas inclusivas en el curso de Licenciatura en Educación del Campo en la Universidad Federal de Viçosa: desempeño multidisciplinario de un Proyecto de Literacidad dirigido a capacitar a una estudiante Sorda RESUMEN. Esto trabajo propone, basado en las literacidades bilingüe y científica, articular las necesidades educativas y lingüísticas de una estudiante Sorda del curso de Educación del Campo, atendida un equipo multidisciplinario que desarrolló acciones estratégicas hacia la inclusión. Para eso, utilizamos un enfoque cualitativo caracterizado como investigación-acción-crítica, que se basó en la observación participante para describir los antecedentes y las necesidades que llevaron a la creación de un proyecto de Literacidad y de la composición del equipo. Los resultados de las acciones apuntan a la pertinencia y viabilidad de considerar la participación efectiva de la estudiante Sorda como el agente orientador de todo el proceso educativo, ya que la articulación del equipo solo fue posible en función de las consideraciones y notas dadas por la estudiante. Los resultados revelan la necesidad de crear intervenciones de carácter inclusivo y bilingüe en la Educación Superior, específicamente en la formación inicial para la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales, a fin de lograr la presencia de la Lengua de Señas Brasileña en este contexto, para garantizar la formación educativa de la estudiante Sorda y la capacitación de miembros del equipo, a través de una continua evaluación crítica del proceso formativo. Palabras-clave: Educación del Campo, Inclusión de Sordos(as), Lengua de Señas Brasileña, Literacidad, Multidisciplinariedad

Responsiveness and value chain in sugar-ethanol production

Brazil is the world’s major sugarcane producer. In 2018/19, the country will have produced about 47.34 million tons of sugar and 58.8 billion liters of ethanol. Sugar and ethanol are produced in the same production process and the definition of both quantities is pre-established to sugarcane agro-industry. The purpose of this paper is to identify how managers define the production mix of sugar-ethanol in an agro-industry and how this decision adds value to its operations. The results showed that the searched mill adds value to its production through responsiveness and flexibility while orienting the production to sugar and/or ethanol according to the most profitable market during the moment of the decision making