Indicadores: conceitos e aplicações

Aborda-se o tema dos indicadores, citando as características desejáveis de um indicador, os níveis de classificação da informação, os tipos de indicadores, as fontes de informação secundária, bem como as formas de agregação, de organização e de apresentação de indicadores

Estudo observacional dos casos de violência contra mulher notificados em um hospital fluminense em 2020

RESUMO Este estudo analisou o perfil das mulheres em situação de violência atendidas no serviço de acolhimento de um hospital na região metropolitana I do Rio de Janeiro, bem como a presença de alguns determinantes sociais que podem se relacionar à ocorrência da violência e atuar sobre as condições de acesso a estes serviços. Foram analisados os dados das notificações de violência, considerando a violência sexual e outras violências, em 2020. Casos de HIV e sífilis compuseram os grupos de comparação. Realizou-se o mapeamento e o levantamento dos perfis de mulheres. O total de residentes fora da área metropolitana I foi maior entre casos de violência sexual do que entre outras violências, HIV e sífilis. Dentre as mulheres brancas, estas foram mais frequentes entre casos de violência sexual e as negras entre as atendidas por outras violências. Os casos de violência sexual relataram maior escolaridade e frequência de emprego. A maioria das mulheres em todos os grupos analisados eram negras, enquanto a maioria das que acessaram o aborto legal eram brancas. O estudo sugere que fatores sociais e econômicos afetam o acesso ao serviço de atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência, sendo necessária uma reorganização deste para garantir o pleno acesso das mulheres

Low latency probabilistic broadcast in wide area networks

In this paper we propose a novel probabilistic broadcast protocol that reduces the average end-to-end latency by dynamically adapting to network topology and tra cconditions. It does so by using an unique strategy that consists in adjusting the fanout and preferred targets for diferent gossip rounds as a function of the properties of each node.No declassification is light-weight and integrated in the protocol membership management. Furthermore, each node is not required to have full knowledge of the group membership or of the network topology. The paper shows how the protocol can be configured and evaluates its performance with a detailed simulation model

Agronomic practices change the patterns of soil glomalin in olive rainfed orchards

Glomalin, a thermostable hydrophobic glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plays an important role in the stability of soil aggregates and in the sequestration of C, N and heavy metals, being their concentrations dependent from agronomic practices such as tillage and application of pesticides and fertilizers. Despite the recognized importance of glomalin in soil quality, studies on olive groves are scarce. The study conducted on summer 2017 in three different rain fed orchards (cv. Cobran~osa) of Northeast Portugal revealed that both total glomalin, measured as Bradford-reactive soil protein (T-BRSP}, and the easily extractable Bradford-reactive soil protein (EE-BRSP) concentrations were lower under mechanical cultivation than on a permanent sward grazed with a flock of sheep or than on an annual legume cover crop. Moreover, higher TBRSP and EE-BRSP levels were found on orchards without phosphorus and boron supply, and also on the top soil layer (0.1 0 cm) and on tree row, mainly in younger orchards. Interestingly, one soil presented a twofold superior EE-BRSP: T- BRSP ratio than the other two soils, representing an increase of labile g lomalin, probably re lated with greater applications of copper formulations to control olive fungal diseases. This study demonstrated that less disruptive agronomic practices influences positivety the levels of glomalin, an appropriate indicator of healthy soil conditions, which in turn may favour carbon sequestration.This work was funded by the INTERACT project - •Integrative Research in Environment, Agro-Chains and Technology': no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER- 000017, in its lines of research entitled I SAC, eo-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Time to blood culture positivity as a predictor of clinical outcome in patients with Candida albicans bloodstream infection

Background: Few studies have assessed the time to blood culture positivity as a predictor of clinical outcome in fungal bloodstream infections (BSIs). the purpose of this study was to evaluate the time to positivity (TTP) of blood cultures in patients with Candida albicans BSIs and to assess its impact on clinical outcome.Methods: A historical cohort study with 89 adults patients with C. albicans BSIs. TTP was defined as the time between the start of incubation and the time that the automated alert signal indicating growth in the culture bottle sounded.Results: Patients with BSIs and TTPs of culture of 36 h (n = 50) were compared. Septic shock occurred in 46.2% of patients with TTPs of 36 h (p = 0.56). A central venous catheter source was more common with a BSI TTP of = 20 at BSI onset, the development of at least one organ system failure (respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, hematologic, or hepatic), SOFA at BSI onset, SAPS II at BSI onset, and time to positivity were associated with death. By using logistic regression analysis, the only independent predictor of death was time to positivity (1.04; 95% CI, 1.0-1.1, p = 0.035), with the chance of the patient with C. albicans BSI dying increasing 4.0% every hour prior to culture positivity.Conclusion: A longer time to positivity was associated with a higher mortality for Candida albicans BSIs; therefore, initiating empiric treatment with antifungals may improve outcomes.Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Div Med Practice, São Paulo, BrazilVirginia Commonwealth, Univ Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Richmond, VA USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

A infância na pintura de Velázquez: enfoques iconográficos e históricos em Philippe Ariès e João dos Santos / Childhood in Velázquez painting: iconographic and historical approaches in Philippe Ariès and João dos Santos

Analisar as concepções de infância, por meio das narrativas icnográficas do século XVII, e articular com as teorias constituídas na atualidade são atos desafiantes e, ao mesmo tempo, instigantes, por essas ações tratarem de elementos históricos e estéticos. Este estudo objetiva refletir sobre a infância ou a ausência dela na pintura do período Barroco, a partir dos quadros que retratam as crianças. Para isso, utilizamos elementos puramente visuais, além de traçarmos um paralelo com a concepção de infância na modernidade. O método adotado foi a a/r/tografia, com base nos estudos de Dias (2013, p. 25), ao explicar que “a a/r/tografia é uma forma de representação que privilegia tanto o texto (escrito), quanto a imagem.” Também fizemos uso de Irwin (2013), que comenta ser essa metodologia consolidada por meio das configurações artísticas textuais. Optamos pelo citado método, pelo fato de trabalharmos com a leitura de imagens, o que torna a arte uma das nossas principais fontes de pesquisa. Contamos, ainda, com o estudo bibliográfico baseado nos escritos de Philippe Ariès (2006) e João dos Santos (1991), sendo este considerado o alicerce histórico e sociológico para desenvolvermos a temática. As reflexões finais apontam que a primazia da arte sobre a imaterialidade do tempo revela-se na mística do movimento da vida e na perpetuação dos fatos históricos, sociais e políticos. Os enfoques contemporâneos de Philippe Ariès e João dos Santos sobre a tônica desta investigação significaram reconhecer que tudo tem uma história e um passado, que deve ser articulado com o presente, na perspectiva de um futuro no qual a infância seja um direito e não um privilégio

Kaolin and salicylic acid foliar application modulate yield, quality and phytochemical composition of olive pulp and oil from rainfed trees

Olive orchards, rainfed managed, are threatened by the current and predicted adverse environmental conditions, which change the yield and quality of olive products, largely known for its benefits to human health. To mitigate these problems, it is highly recommended to perform some adjustments in agronomic practices, such as the use of foliar sprays that cloud help the trees to cope with climate change. During two consecutive years, olive trees were pre-harvest sprayed with kaolin (KL) and salicylic acid (SA) to attenuate the adverse effects of summer stress. Olive yield was increased by 97% and 72% with KL and SA, respectively. Phenolics and antioxidant capacity of both olives and olive oil increased and decreased in the first and second year, respectively, in a closely association with the prevailing climatic conditions. The foliar sprays did not significantly affect the oil quality indices, free acidity, peroxide value and K232 coefficient and decreased the K270 coefficient. This study strongly suggests that the applied products might be effective in mitigating the adverse environmental conditions, without substantial changes in fruit and olive oil quality.Doctoral fellowship under the Doctoral Program “Agricultural Production Chains – from fork to farm” (PD/00122/2012) provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology to C. Brito (PD/BD/ 52543/2014). Institution CITAB, for its financial support through the European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI– Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Program, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013. INTERACT project - "Integrative Research in Environment, Agro-Chains and Technology", no. NORTE-01-0145- FEDER-000017, in its lines of research entitled ISAC, co-financied by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Leguminous cover crop to adapt olive rainfed orchards to climate change

Leguminous cover crops have the potential to contribute to soil protection against erosion and improve carbon sequestration, soil and water quality and might help agricultura! systems become more resilient to climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a cover crop of self-reseeding annuallegumes of short growing cycle on physiological and biochemical responses of twenty-six-year-old olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Cobrançosa) grown under rainfed conditions, when compared with conventional tillage. The results showed that the leguminous cover crop ameliorates the physiological and biochemical performance of olive tree during the drought season, judging by the rise of net photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for the concentration of total phenols and for total antioxidant activity in leaves. ln addition, it was observed an increase on yield, size and weight of olive fruits. These results indicate that the use of well-designed, locally-tailored cover crop mixtures, associated with an appropriate mowing time, is a very promising strategy to implement in olive orchards under water scarcity. Thus, cover cropping is a win-win strategy as it increases farm benefits and provides ecosystem services.This work was funded by the INTERACT project- "Jntcgrative Research in Environment, Agro-Chains and Technology", no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, in its !ines of research entitled ISAC, co-tinanced by the European Regional Devclopment Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 20 14/2020). SM (PD/BD/135327/2017), EM (PD/BD/128274/2017) and CB (PD/BD/52543/2014) acknowledge the financ ial support provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundatíon for Science and Technology, under the Doctoral Programme "Agricultura] Production Chains- from fork to farm" (PD/00122/2012).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Use of kaolin as a summer stress alleviating product in olive orchards under rainfed conditions

In a changing world, where is expected the temperatures rising and the reduction in precipitation in some semi-arid areas of the globe, the search for new agronomic practices that help crops to maintain and/or increase yields and quality is a continuous challenge. Kaolin (KL) exogenous application has been considered a short-term solution to alleviate the adverse effects of summer stress. The formed particle film increases the reflection of excess radiation reducing the risk of leaf damage from heat load accumulation and solar injury. Olive trees (Olea europaea L.) cultivated under rainfed conditions were sprayed with KL (5%) during two consecutive years in the beginning of the summer season. In general, relatively to the control group, KL-sprayed plants showed an enhancement in leaf water status, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity and a reduction in leaf sclerophylly. In the severest period analyzed, at the end of the second-year summer, KL has lost the effectiveness of keeping gas exchange above the control measurements. However, in both years, allowed a faster restauration of the physiological functions in early autumn and contributed to higher crop yield. Overall, the results of the present investigation revealed that KL were effective in preventing the adverse effects of summer stress on crop performance and yield.Doctoral fellowship under the Doctoral Program “Agricultural Production Chains – from fork to farm” (PD/00122/2012) provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology to C. Brito (PD/BD/52543/2014). Institution CITAB, for its financial support through the European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI– Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Program, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio