Nutritional disorders

Different nutritional deficiencies or toxicities may limit bean development and yield. N and P deficiencies are the most frequent, although deficiency of minor elements and Al/Mn toxicity can reduce yields considerably. Nutritional problems are usually diagnosed by soil and plant tissue analyses and the observation of symptoms produced by nutritional disorders. Optimum pH for bean production varies between 6.5 and 7.5; within these limits, the majority of the plant nutrients have their max. availability. Color illustrations are given of the symptoms of plant deficiencies and toxicities. (CIAT)Diversas deficiencias o toxicidades nutricionales pueden limitar el desarrollo del frijol y su rendimiento. Las deficiencias de N y P son las mas frecuentes, aunque las de elementos menores y la toxicidad de Al y Mn pueden reducir considerablemente los rendimientos. Los problemas nutricionales se diagnostican mediante el analisis del suelo y del tejido vegetal, y la observacion de los sintomas producidos por desordenes nutricionales. El pH optimo para producir frijol fluctua entre 6.5 y 7.5; dentro de estos limites, la mayoria de los elementos nutritivos de la planta presentan su max. disponibilidad. Se presentan ilustraciones a color de los sintomas de deficiencia o toxicidad en las plantas. (CIAT

A Stochastic Mobility Prediction Algorithm for finding Delay and Energy Efficient Routing Paths considering Movement Patterns in Mobile IoT Networks

In Mobile IoT Networks, the network nodes are constantly moving in a field, causing interruptions in the communication paths and, thus, generating long delays at the time of building a communication path from a source IoT node to the gateway (destination node). Communication interruptions affect the delay performance in delay-sensitive applications such as health and military scenarios. In addition, these IoT nodes are equipped with batteries, whereby it is also necessary to accomplish energy consumption requirements. In summary, a gateway node should not receive messages or packets coming from the IoT nodes with undesired delays, whereby it is pertinent to propose new algorithms or techniques for minimizing the delay and energy consumption experimented in the IoT network. Due to IoT nodes are attached to humans, animals or objects, they present a specific movement pattern that can be analyzed to improve the path-building with the aim of reducing the end-to-end delay. Therefore, we propose the usage of a mobility prediction technique based on a Stochastic Model to predict nodes’ positions in order to obtain minimum cost paths in terms of energy consumption and delay in mobile IoT networks. Our stochastic model is tuned and evaluated under the Markov-Gauss mobility model, considering different levels of movement randomness in order to test how the capability prediction of our proposal can impact the delay and energy consumption in mobile IoT networks in comparison with others routing algorithms

Capra alba Moyà-Solà, 1987 del Pleistoceno Inferior de la Sierra de Quibas (Albanilla, Murcia, España)

A finales de la década de los 90 se realizó el primer estudio paleontológico del yacimiento de la Sierra de Quibas (Montoya et al., 1999) en el que se describieron más de 60 taxones de vertebrados. Uno de ellos fue el de un caprino asignado como Capra sp. aff Capra alba. Las últimas campañas de excavación han librado nuevos restos de este taxón, lo que ha permitido poder estudiarlo con mayor profundidad y asignarlo a Capra alba. Esta atribución se basa en la comparación morfológica y métrica de los cráneos, núcleos óseos, dentición y metápodos con los ejemplares de C. alba de Venta Micena (Orce, Granada).The first palaeontological study of the locality of Quibas dates from the end of the 1990ties (Montoya et al., 1999), describing over 60 vertebrate taxa. One of these was a caprine assigned to Capra sp. aff. Capra alba. Recent excavations yielded new remains of this taxon, which permits a more profound study of its affinities and an assignation to Capra alba, without reservation. This assignation is based on the morphological and metrical comparison of the skulls, horn cores, dentition and metapodials from Quibas with those of Capra alba from Venta Micena (Orce Granada)[email protected]

Human Resource Management and Innovative Performance in Non-profit Hospitals: The Mediating Effect of Organizational Culture

Literature suggests that human resources of non-profit hospitals (NPHs) present features that could potentially reach any expected organizational performance even when the attention to human resource management (HRM) are often low in nonprofit organizations. Nowadays ambitious organizations strive to obtain a profitable performance that is also innovate and do it through building an organizational culture (OC), while for NPHs a positive culture is given by their human resources traits. However, there is not enough literature to understand how these three variables behave together. This study aims to explain the influence of HRM on IP mediated by OC. The research model was assessed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLSSEM). The results support all the stated hypotheses. Both, HRM and OC are moderately strong predictors of IP, and OC mediates partially and in a complementary way the relationship between HRM on IP. An importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) was performed to expand the PLS-SEM results. The OC indicators show greater importance to explain IP, consequently, they are the most relevant indicators to initiate management actions by NPHs. The influence of HRM on IP represent an opportunity for NPH as it implies an affordable investment in comparison to the cost of technological solutions for enterprises

Determinación del Balance Catión Anión Dietario en Vacas de Preparto en Establos Lecheros de Lima y Trujillo, Perú, y su Relación con el pH Urinario

The aim of the present study was to determine the Dietary Cation-Anion Difference (DCAD) concentration in pre-partum diets from nine dairy farms of Lima and Trujillo, Peru. Feed and forage samples were analysed for sodium, potassium, chloride and sulphur in order to calculate DCAD values by mathematical formula. Similarly, urine samples were collected from 76 cows during the pre-partum period to evaluate the relationship between urinary pH and DCAD. The mean DCAD value was 6.62 ± 2.99 mEq/100 g DM for diets of dairy farms in Lima and 13.09 ± 5.36 mEq/100 g DM for diets of dairy farms in Trujillo. Urine pH mean was 7.7, ranging from 6.0 to 8.48. The correlation between DCAD and urine pH values was 0.331.El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el balance catión anión dietario (DCAD) en vacas Holstein multíparas en etapa de preparto de nueve establos de Lima y Trujillo, Perú. Se analizaron muestras de concentrado y forraje para determinar la concentración de sodio, potasio, cloro y azufre a fin de calcular el valor de DCAD mediante fórmula matemática. De manera similar, se realizó la colección de orina en 76 vacas durante la etapa de preparto para evaluar la relación del pH urinario con el DCAD. El valor promedio de DCAD para las dietas de los establos de Lima fue de 6.62 ± 2.99 mEq/100 g MS y de 13.09 ± 5.36 mEq/100 g MS para los establos de Trujillo. El valor de pH urinario promedio fue 7.7, con un rango de 6.0 a 8.4. Se encontró una correlación positiva de 0.331 entre los valores de DCAD y pH urinario

Statins increase the frequency of circulating CD4+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in healthy individuals

RESUMEN: Las estatinas se han demostrado para modular el número y la función supresora de células T CD4 + FOXP3 (Treg) en condiciones inflamatorias. Sin embargo, no está bien establecido si estatinas también podría afectar Treg en ausencia de inflamación. Para abordar esta cuestión, dieciocho sujetos masculinos normocolesterolémicos fueron tratados con lovastatina o atorvastatina al día durante 45 días. La frecuencia y el fenotipo de circulación Treg se evaluaron en los días 0, 7, 30, y 45. Los niveles de ARNm de FOXP3, IDO, TGF-β, e IL-10 se midieron en las células T CD4 +. Se encontró que tanto los que aumenta significativamente los niveles de ARNm y de frecuencia de Treg FOXP3 en el día 30. En el día 45, los números de Treg volvieron a los valores basales; Sin embargo, el TGF-β y los niveles de ARNm de FOXP3 se mantuvo alta, acompañada por el aumento de los porcentajes de CTLA-4 y GITR que expresan Treg. Treg expresión de Ki-67 se redujo tras el tratamiento con estatinas. la frecuencia de Treg correlacionó positivamente con los niveles plasmáticos de colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL-C), lo que sugiere un papel para el HDL-C en la homeostasis de Treg. Por lo tanto, las estatinas parecen tener efectos inmunomoduladores inflamación independiente. Por lo tanto, el aumento de la frecuencia de Treg células probablemente contribuye a inmunomoduladores efecto de las estatinas, incluso en individuos sanos.ABSTRACT: Statins have been shown to modulate the number and the suppressive function of CD4+FOXP3+ T cells (Treg) in inflammatory conditions. However, it is not well established whether statin could also affect Treg in absence of inflammation. To address this question, eighteen normocholesterolemic male subjects were treated with lovastatin or atorvastatin daily for 45 days. The frequency and phenotype of circulating Treg were evaluated at days 0, 7, 30, and 45. mRNA levels of FOXP3, IDO, TGF-β, and IL-10 were measured in CD4+ T cells. We found that both statins significantly increased Treg frequency and FOXP3 mRNA levels at day 30. At day 45, Treg numbers returned to baseline values; however, TGF-β and FOXP3 mRNA levels remained high, accompanied by increased percentages of CTLA-4- and GITR-expressing Treg. Treg Ki-67 expression was decreased upon statin treatment. Treg frequency positively correlated with plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), suggesting a role for HDL-c in Treg homeostasis. Therefore, statins appear to have inflammation-independent immune-modulatory effects. Thus, the increase in Treg cells frequency likely contributes to immunomodulatory effect of statins, even in healthy individual

Modelado dinámico de un secador hibrido PARA Guadua angustifolia Kunth

El problema consiste en elaborar un modelo de fluidos y termo transferencia que permita mejorar el funcionamiento del actual secador y mantener su operación como híbrido (solar asistido gas o electricidad) las 24 horas del día. Para lo anterior la metodología consiste en modelar el flujo de fluidos en la cámara con el objetivo de determinar las velocidades de operación las cuales se validan experimentalmente. La segunda etapa consiste en calcular el coeficiente global de pérdidas de la cámara que es función de los coeficientes combinados de convección y radiación y de los materiales de fabricación los cuales tendrán un aislamiento térmico